Distributed Systems with Node.js: Building Enterprise-Ready Backend Services

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Copyright
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
	Target Audience
	Goals
	Conventions Used in This Book
	Using Code Examples
	O’Reilly Online Learning
	How to Contact Us
	Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Why Distributed?
	The Single-Threaded Nature of JavaScript
	Quick Node.js Overview
	The Node.js Event Loop
		Event Loop Phases
		Code Example
		Event Loop Tips
	Sample Applications
		Service Relationship
		Producer Service
		Consumer Service
Chapter 2. Protocols
	Request and Response with HTTP
		HTTP Payloads
		HTTP Semantics
		HTTP Compression
		HTTPS / TLS
		JSON over HTTP
		The Dangers of Serializing POJOs
	API Facade with GraphQL
		GraphQL Schema
		Queries and Responses
		GraphQL Producer
		GraphQL Consumer
	RPC with gRPC
		Protocol Buffers
		gRPC Producer
		gRPC Consumer
Chapter 3. Scaling
	The Cluster Module
		A Simple Example
		Request Dispatching
		Cluster Shortcomings
	Reverse Proxies with HAProxy
		Introduction to HAProxy
		Load Balancing and Health Checks
		Compression
		TLS Termination
		Rate Limiting and Back Pressure
	SLA and Load Testing
		Introduction to Autocannon
		Running a Baseline Load Test
		Reverse Proxy Concerns
		Protocol Concerns
		Coming Up with SLOs
Chapter 4. Observability
	Environments
	Logging with ELK
		Running ELK via Docker
		Transmitting Logs from Node.js
		Creating a Kibana Dashboard
		Running Ad-Hoc Queries
	Metrics with Graphite, StatsD, and Grafana
		Running via Docker
		Transmitting Metrics from Node.js
		Creating a Grafana Dashboard
		Node.js Health Indicators
	Distributed Request Tracing with Zipkin
		How Does Zipkin Work?
		Running Zipkin via Docker
		Transmitting Traces from Node.js
		Visualizing a Request Tree
		Visualizing Microservice Dependencies
	Health Checks
		Building a Health Check
		Testing the Health Check
	Alerting with Cabot
		Create a Twilio Trial Account
		Running Cabot via Docker
		Creating a Health Check
Chapter 5. Containers
	Introduction to Docker
	Containerizing a Node.js Service
		Dependency Stage
		Release Stage
		From Image to Container
		Rebuilding and Versioning an Image
	Basic Orchestration with Docker Compose
		Composing Node.js Services
	Internal Docker Registry
		Running the Docker Registry
		Pushing and Pulling to the Registry
		Running a Docker Registry UI
Chapter 6. Deployments
	Build Pipeline with Travis CI
		Creating a Basic Project
		Configuring Travis CI
		Testing a Pull Request
	Automated Testing
		Unit Tests
		Integration Tests
		Code Coverage Enforcement
	Deploying to Heroku
		Create a Heroku App
		Configure Travis CI
		Deploy Your Application
	Modules, Packages, and SemVer
		Node.js Modules
		SemVer (Semantic Versioning)
		npm Packages and the npm CLI
	Internal npm Registry
		Running Verdaccio
		Configuring npm to Use Verdaccio
		Publishing to Verdaccio
Chapter 7. Container Orchestration
	Introduction to Kubernetes
		Kubernetes Overview
		Kubernetes Concepts
		Starting Kubernetes
	Getting Started
	Deploying an Application
		Kubectl Subcommands
		Kubectl Configuration Files
	Service Discovery
	Modifying Deployments
		Scaling Application Instances
		Deploying New Application Versions
		Rolling Back Application Deployments
Chapter 8. Resilience
	The Death of a Node.js Process
		Process Exit
		Exceptions, Rejections, and Emitted Errors
		Signals
	Building Stateless Services
		Avoiding Memory Leaks
		Bounded In-Process Caches
	External Caching with Memcached
		Introducing Memcached
		Running Memcached
		Caching Data with Memcached
		Data Structure Mutations
	Database Connection Resilience
		Running PostgreSQL
		Automatic Reconnection
		Connection Pooling
	Schema Migrations with Knex
		Configuring Knex
		Creating a Schema Migration
		Applying a Migration
		Rolling Back a Migration
		Live Migrations
	Idempotency and Messaging Resilience
		HTTP Retry Logic
		Circuit Breaker Pattern
		Exponential Backoff
	Resilience Testing
		Random Crashes
		Event Loop Pauses
		Random Failed Async Operations
Chapter 9. Distributed Primitives
	The ID Generation Problem
	Introduction to Redis
	Redis Operations
		Strings
		Lists
		Sets
		Hash
		Sorted Sets
		Generic Commands
		Other Types
	Seeking Atomicity
	Transactions
	Lua Scripting
		Writing a Lua Script File
		Loading the Lua Script
		Tying It All Together
Chapter 10. Security
	Wrangling Repositories
	Recognizing Attack Surface
		Parameter Checking and Deserialization
		Malicious npm Packages
	Application Configuration
		Environment Variables
		Configuration Files
		Secrets Management
	Upgrading Dependencies
		Automatic Upgrades with GitHub Dependabot
		Manual Upgrades with npm CLI
		Unpatched Vulnerabilities
	Upgrading Node.js
		Node.js LTS Schedule
		Upgrade Approach
Appendix A. Installing HAProxy
	Linux: Build from Source
	Linux: Install Precompiled Binary
	macOS: Install via Homebrew
Appendix B. Installing Docker
	macOS: Install Docker Desktop for Mac
	Linux: Convenient Install Script
Appendix C. Installing Minikube & Kubectl
	Linux: Debian Package and Precompiled Binary
	macOS: Install via Homebrew
Index
About the Author
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