Discovering the Unique Geology of the Bergell Alps (GeoGuide)

Preface
	References
Contents
1 Introduction
	References
2 The Geological Framework
	References
3 Six Highlights of Bergell Geology
	3.1 Minerals and Rocks in the Bergell
	3.2 Bergell Granite
	3.3 Microstructure of Rocks, Their Composition and Formation Conditions
	3.4 The Recent History: Glaciers and Moraines
	3.5 Landslides
	3.6 Mining, Quarrying and Water
		3.6.1 Lavez (Olivine-Talc Schist)
		3.6.2 Lime Production
		3.6.3 Quarries of Gneiss and Gravel Pits
		3.6.4 Metal Ores
		3.6.5 Water/Electricity
	References
4 Geological Excursions in the Bergell Alps
	4.1 Easy Hikes
		4.1.1 Alp Cavloc: Tectonic Nappes and Contact Rocks (Map 1, waypoints #a1–#a10) (2–5 h)
		4.1.2 Maloja: Torre Belvedere, Moraines, Peat Bogs and Glacial Mills (Map 2, waypoints #b1–#b3) (1–2 h)
		4.1.3 Val Maroz: Greenschists, Bündnerschiefer, Travertine, Serpentinite (Map 4, waypoints #c1–#c8) (4–6 h)
		4.1.4 Albigna Hut: Bergell Granite, with Cable Car (Map 5, waypoints #d1–#d4) (4–8 h)
		4.1.5 Maira-Vicosoprano: Diversity of Bergell Rocks in the River (Map 5, waypoints #e1–#e2) (1–2 h)
		4.1.6 Piuro-Borgonuovo, Palazzo Vertemate-Franchi, Explore Lavez and Glacial Features in a Walk from Prosto (Map 3, waypoints #f1–#f8) (2–4 h)
		4.1.7 Chiavenna, Outcrops of Tambo Granite in the Liro River, Cimaganda Landslide (Map 3, waypoints #g1–#g7) (2–3 h)
	4.2 Longer Excursions (1–2 days)
		4.2.1 Bergell Granite and Contact Zone, Val Forno Glacier, Forno Hut, Monte del Forno, Pillow Structures, Muretto Pass (Map 6, waypoints #h1–#h10) (2 days)
		4.2.2 Maloja, Pass Lunghin, Piz Lunghin: Nappes, Serpentinite, Triassic Marble (Map 7, waypoints #i1–#i5) (5–8 h)
		4.2.3 Plaun da Lej-Grevasalvas-Plaun Grand, Fuorcla Grevasalvas, Plaun dal Sel, Blaunca: Higher Nappes, Radiolarite, Old Granites (Map 7 waypoints #j1–#j10) (6–8 h)
		4.2.4 Casaccia-Val Maroz-Val da la Duana-Piz Duan-Cadrin-Löbbia-Soglio: Pennine Nappes (Avers, Suretta, Tambo) (Map 4, waypoints #k1–#k10) (2 days)
		4.2.5 Roticcio-Val Furcela-Val da Cam-Piz Cam: Young Diabase Dikes, Stratigraphy of Suretta Nappe, Mn-Silicates (Map 3, waypoints #l1–#l10) (6–8 h)
		4.2.6 Val Albigna, Pass da Casnil, Piz Casnil or Piz Bacun, Passo Cacciabella Sud, Pizzo Eravedar. Bergell Granite, Pegmatite and Aplite Dikes, Xenolith Inclusions, Orbicular Granite (Map 5, waypoints #m1–#m10) (2 days)
		4.2.7 Lavinair Crusc-Piz Salacina: Calcareous-Silicates in Contact Zone (Map 1, waypoints #n1–#n7) (5–7 h)
		4.2.8 Bondo-Ciresc-Lera d’Sura-Denc dal Luf: Al2SiO5 Triple Point, Gruf Migmatites, Ultramafics, Moraines (Map 7, waypoints #o1–#o8) (5–8 h)
		4.2.9 Bondo-Cugian-Trubinasca-Cap. Sasc Fura (Val Bondasca). Contact Zone of Bergell Granite, Ultramafic Xenoliths, Deformed Granite, View of the 2017 Landslide (Map 7, waypoints #p1–#p5) (7–9 h)
		4.2.10 Overview: Via Panoramica from Casaccia to Soglio (Map 3, waypoints #q1–#q6) (4–6 h)
		4.2.11 Bondo-Ciresc-Tegiola-Val Codera-Novate Mezzola: Gruf Migmatite, Mylonites, High Temperature Mineral Assemblages, Novate Granite (Map 8, waypoints #r1–#r7) (2 days)
		4.2.12 Valmalenco: Serpentinite Near Chiesa, Contact Rocks with Tonalite in Val Sissone (Map 9, waypoints #s1–#s7) (6–8 h)
	References
List of Geological Maps with Itineraries
Glossary
Index