Diplomacy in Practice: A Critical Approach

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Boxes
Tables
Abbreviations
Preface
Introduction: Diplomacy Is What Diplomats Do
	I.1 The Socratic Fallacy
	I.2 The Practice Turn
	I.3 Deflating Diplomacy
	I.4 Realist Diplomacy
	I.5 Interdisciplinary Approach
	I.6 Diplomacy as a Craft
	I.7 Summing Up
	I.8 What to Expect
	Bibliography
Part I The Organisation of Diplomacy
	1 The Organisation of Diplomacy: The Standard Model
		1.1 A Preliminary Question: What Is Diplomacy For?
		1.2 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs
			1.2.1 Some Advice for the Minister’s Chief Adviser
			1.2.2 Some Advice for the Minister in Choosing and Working With His Or Her Chief Adviser
		1.3 The Embassy, Consulate, and Permanent Representation
		1.4 What Are Diplomatic Missions For?
		Bibliography
	2 Ways and Means of Doing Diplomacy
		2.1 The One Old and the Many New Diplomacies – a Preliminary Exploration
		2.2 Bilateral and Multilateral Diplomacy
		2.3 Track II Diplomacy
		2.4 Networked Diplomacy
		2.5 Virtual Diplomacy
		2.6 Public Diplomacy
		2.7 The ‘New Diplomacies’
			2.7.1 New Topics for Diplomacy
			2.7.2 New Actors in Diplomacy
			2.7.3 The Changing Nature of Diplomacy
		Bibliography
Part II A Diplomat’s Conceptual Toolbox
	3 Reasoning in Diplomacy: An Exploration
		3.1 The Practical Syllogism
		3.2 Finding and Justifying Decisions
		3.3 A Non-Logic of Discovery?
			3.3.1 Reasoning By Consequences
			3.3.2 Muddling Through?
			3.3.3 A Way Out: Distinguishing Fast and Slow Thinking
		3.4 The Logic of Justification
			3.4.1 Inductive Reasoning
			3.4.2 Abductive Reasoning
			3.4.3 Deductive Reasoning
			3.4.4 Conditional Reasoning
			3.4.5 Reasoning By Analogy
		Bibliography
	4 Interactive Diplomacy: Game Theory and Rational Empathy
		4.1 The One-Shot Prisoner’s Dilemma
		4.2 The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma – Tit for Tat
		4.3 Other ‘Diplomatic’ Games
		4.4 Rational Empathy – Entering Into Another’s Mind
		Bibliography
	5 Logical Fallacies and Cognitive Traps
		5.1 Logical and Quasi-Logical Fallacies
			5.1.1 Logical Fallacies
			5.1.2 Quasi-Logical Fallacies
		5.2 Cognitive Traps
		Bibliography
	6 Concepts and Principles in Diplomatic Thinking
		6.1 The Nature of Concepts and Principles
		6.2 A Diplomat’s Vocabulary
		6.3 Concepts
			6.3.1 Political Concepts
			6.3.2 Security Concepts
			6.3.3 Diplomatic Concepts
		6.4 Principles
			6.4.1 Legal Principles
			6.4.2 Diplomatic Principles
		Bibliography
Part III Diplomacy’s First Call: International Peace and Security
	7 The Conflict Cycle
		7.1 Security First
			7.1.1 Hard and Soft Security
			7.1.2 State Security Versus Human Security
			7.1.3 Integrated Approach to Security
		7.2 Pre-Conflict – Conflict Prevention
			7.2.1 Conflict Analysis
			7.2.2 Negotiation and Mediation
			7.2.3 Early Warning
			7.2.4 Preventive Diplomacy
			7.2.5 Incentives and Disincentives
			7.2.6 Deterrence
			7.2.7 Last Effort Diplomacy
			7.2.8 Pre-Conflict Diplomacy
		7.3 From Pre-Conflict Prevention to Post-Conflict Management
		7.4 Post-Conflict – Conflict Management and Resolution
			7.4.1 No Relapse
			7.4.2 Stability
			7.4.3 State Building
			7.4.4 Reconciliation and Transitional Justice
			7.4.5 Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
		7.5 Four Approaches to Peace – the UN Vocabulary
		7.6 Preventive Diplomacy – Some Critical Remarks
		7.7 Conflict and Track II Diplomacy
		Bibliography
	8 Use of Force
		8.1 Diplomacy and Use of Force
		8.2 An Evolving Security Landscape – a Preliminary Warning
		8.3 Forms of Use of Force
		8.4 Legality of Use of Force
		8.5 Legitimacy of Use of Force
		8.6 Legality and Legitimacy – So, What?
		8.7 Prudence in Use of Force
			8.7.1 On Judgment, Wisdom, and Prudence
			8.7.2 On Wars of Necessity and Wars of Choice
		8.8 The Conduct of War
		8.9 The End of War and Its Aftermath – Just Peace
		8.10 Causes and Reasons of War
			8.10.1 Causes
			8.10.2 Reasons
		8.11 Two Extremes – Nuclear War and Hybrid War
			8.11.1 Nuclear War
				8.11.1.1 Deterrence and Balance of Terror
				8.11.1.2 No First Use (NFU)
				8.11.1.3 Non-Proliferation
			8.11.2 Hybrid War
				8.11.2.1 Blurring Lines Between War and Peace
				8.11.2.2 Key Features of Hybrid Warfare
		Bibliography
Part IV The Normative Framework of Diplomacy
	9 Diplomacy and International Law
		9.1 Law and Diplomacy – an Ambiguous Relation
		9.2 Why International Law?
			9.2.1 Customary International Law
			9.2.2 Treaty Law
			9.2.3 Other Sources
			9.2.4 Soft Law
			9.2.5 Why Do States Seek to Establish International Law?
			9.2.6 Why Do States Generally Comply With International Law?
			9.2.7 What Happens When a State Breaks a Rule of International Law?
		9.3 The State as Central Actor in International Politics
			9.3.1 Statehood
			9.3.2 Recognition of States
			9.3.3 Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
		9.4 General Political Principles of International Law
			9.4.1 First Step: What Are the Principles?
			9.4.2 Second Step: How Do the Principles Work?
		Bibliography
	10 Human Rights and the Rule of Law
		10.1 Some Preliminaries: Basic Concepts, Paradoxes, and Inconsistencies
			10.1.1 The Nature of Human Rights
			10.1.2 The ‘Legitimacy’ Question
			10.1.3 The State Paradox
			10.1.4 Confusing Immunities With Entitlements
		10.2 Defending Human Rights – Three Conceptual Vulnerabilities
			10.2.1 The Universality of Human Rights
			10.2.2 The Proliferation of Human Rights
			10.2.3 The Banalisation of Human Rights Discourse
			10.2.4 How to Respond?
				10.2.4.1 Universality
				10.2.4.2 Proliferation
				10.2.4.3 Banalisation
		10.3 Defending Human Rights – a Legal Vulnerability
			10.3.1 On Learning to Live With Ambiguity
			10.3.2 On Ethical Foreign Policy
		10.4 An Alternative – Defending the Rule of Law
			10.4.1 The Minimalist Model
			10.4.2 The Maximalist Model
		Bibliography
	Conclusion: Diplomacy as a Way of Life
		References
Select Bibliography
Index