Digital Shutdowns and Social Media: Spatiality, Political Economy and Internet Shutdowns in India

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Mapping Digital Political Economy in India
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Mapping Political Economy of Social Media in India
		1.2.1 Mapping Political Economy of Internet in India
	1.3 Spatial Mapping of Internet in India
	1.4 Spatial Turn in Social Mediasphere
	1.5 Mapping Space and Place in Digital Gadgets
		1.5.1 Mapping Social Mediasphere: A Case of Twitter
	1.6 Spatiality, Political Economy and Social Mediasphere: A Spatial-Digital Landscapes
	1.7 Contours of the Book
	1.8 Conclusion
	Appendix A
	Appendix B
	Appendix C: Questionnaire
	References
2 Mapping ‘Social’ in Social Mediasphere in India
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Remapping ‘Social’ in Digital Lives
	2.3 Digital Social Mediasphere Landscapes
	2.4 When Lived Digitally?
	2.5 Scrolling Through the Spatial Senses
	2.6 Why Does/Doesn’t ‘Social’ Matter?
	2.7 Digital Socialization
	2.8 Mapping Social as Trolls
	2.9 Conclusion
	Appendix A
	Appendix B
		Section 66A in the Information Technology Act, 2000
	References
3 Spatial Mapping of Social Mediasphere in India
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Cartographies of Communication
	3.3 Social Mediasphere: Why Called as ‘Rational Technology’?
	3.4 The Digital Generation
	3.5 People’s Perception and Social Media: A Spatial Understanding
	3.6 Networks and Social Mediasphere
	3.7 Social Mediasphere Analysis (SMA): A Spatial Linkages
		3.7.1 Degree Centrality
		3.7.2 Betweenness Centrality
		3.7.3 Closeness Centrality
		3.7.4 Network Centrality
	3.8 Is Social Mediasphere Bridging the Gap in Rural Areas?
	3.9 Spatial Mapping of Communication
	3.10 Social Mediasphere and Globalization
	3.11 The Concept of Diffusion of Innovation
	3.12 Conclusion
	References
4 Electoral Mapping of Social Mediasphere in India
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Social Mediasphere and the Election in India
	4.3 Social Mediasphere: New Political Tool
	4.4 Political Communication and Social Mediasphere in India
	4.5 Political Participation and Digital Public Sphere
	4.6 Social Mediasphere: Formation of Public Opinion
	4.7 Hidden Agenda: Election Campaign in India
	4.8 Digital Change in Election in India
	4.9 Political Mapping of Social Mediasphere in India
	4.10 Conclusion
	References
5 Geographies of Semiotics in Social Mediasphere in India
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Mapping Semiotics
		5.2.1 Contours of Signs in Semiotic Theory
		5.2.2 The Saussurean Semiotics
	5.3 Landscapes of Semiotics in Communication
		5.3.1 Signs and Advertising
		5.3.2 Material Culture
		5.3.3 Activities and Performance
		5.3.4 Music and Sound Effects
		5.3.5 Signs and Truth
		5.3.6 Language and Speaking
	5.4 Social Media and Semiotics
		5.4.1 Semiotics Communication Model
		5.4.2 Semiotics for Sentiments and Affects
	5.5 Nature of Emoticons/Semiotics
		5.5.1 Evolution of Emoticons/Emojis
		5.5.2 Emoticons/semiotics as Non-Verbal Communication
		5.5.3 Generational and Cultural Variations in Usage of Emojis
	5.6 Relevance of Semiotics/Emoticons in Social Mediasphere
		5.6.1 Impacts of Semiotics/emoticons on Message
		5.6.2 Emoticons and Social Mediasphere
		5.6.3 Emoticons as Linguistic Components
		5.6.4 Production and Distribution of Semiotics on Social Mediasphere
		5.6.5 Semiotics Communication Model of Instagram
	5.7 Semiotics Changed the Mode of Communication Through Social Mediasphere?
		5.7.1 Expressing Ourselves
		5.7.2 Collective Semantic Intelligence
	5.8 Conclusion
	References
6 Social Mediasphere and Economic Activities in India
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Different Business Model
	6.3 Features of Social Mediasphere Marketing
		6.3.1 Social Commerce
		6.3.2 Social Mediasphere and HR Practices
		6.3.3 Social Media and Recruitments
		6.3.4 Social Mediasphere and Small Business
		6.3.5 Social Mediasphere and Public Relations
		6.3.6 Social Mediasphere Changed the Business Model
	6.4 Does Social Media Revolutionized Economic Activities
		6.4.1 Impact of Social Mediasphere for Business Growth and Performance
		6.4.2 Section of People Depend on Social Mediasphere for Business
	6.5 Can Social Mediasphere Be Called as Economic Media?
		6.5.1 Facebook Business Model
	6.6 Conclusion
	References
7 Spatial Mapping of Digital Shutdown in India
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Undermining Freedom of Expression/Speech
	7.3 Surveillance Tool for the State
	7.4 The Legal Aspects of Shutdowns
	7.5 Digital Economy of Shutdown
	7.6 Digital Governance During Shutdown
	7.7 Conclusion
	Appendix A
	Appendix B
	Appendix C
	References
8 Political Economy of Spatial Turn in Digital Landscapes
	8.1 Spatial Turn in Virtual Landscapes
	8.2 Spatial-Digital Compression
	References
Index