Digital Modernism Heritage Lexicon (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)

Preface
Contents
Steel and Architecture: Analysis of Some Singular Italian Experiments of the Sixties of the Last Century
	1 Introduction
	2 Great Steel Structures
		2.1 The Burgo Paper Mill
		2.2 The Palazzo del Lavoro in Turin
		2.3 The Palazzo dello Sport in Turin
		2.4 The Palasport in Genoa
	3 The Curtain Wall Experimentation in Italian Building Office
		3.1 ENI Business Center in Rome EUR
		3.2 ESSO Headquarters in Rome EUR
		3.3 The Palace of RAI Directorate General in Rome
		3.4 ENI Business Centre in San Donato Milanese
	4 Cable-Stayed Bridges and Experimentation. The Bridge on the Arno in the Area “l’Indiano” in Florence
	5 Conclusions
	References
Modernism/Modernisms. The Two Souls of Modernity Before Modernity
	1 In Search of Modernity
	2 The Two Souls of Modernity
	3 Modernity in Modern Style
	4 Modernity in Modern Movement
	5 Winning and Losing Modernities
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Brazilian 20th Century’s Houses. Digital Documentation for Preservation and Enhancement of Modernist Architecture and Design Processes
	1 Introducation
		1.1 The Brazilian Modernist Movement and Its Masters
		1.2 Digital Documentation for Preservation and Dissemination Purposes
	2 Operating Database for Modernist Architecture
		2.1 A Multifaceted Approach
		2.2 The Setting up of a Digital Archive
	3 Integration of Technologies for Modernist Buildings
		3.1 BIM Model as Knowledge Tool: Casa Olivo Gomes by Rino Levi
		3.2 Point Cloud of a Modernist House: Casa das Canoas by Oscar Niemeyer
		3.3 Diagnostic Analyses from Point Cloud: Casa de Vidro by Lina Bo Bardi
	4 Final Remarks
	References
Between the Layers. Transparent Paper as a Modernist Architectural Design Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 History and Practice
		2.1 The Consequence of Transparency in Education
		2.2 The Practice of Transparent Paper in Design Process
		2.3 Layering Buildings and Landscape
	3 The Medial Experience of Transparency and Space Visualization
		3.1 Designing on Tracing Paper as an Analogical Practice
	4 Transparent Paper as a Design Environment
	5 Conclusions
	References
Tamed Tropics: Modern Architecture in the Colombian Caribbean
	1 Introduction
	2 The Teaching of Architecture in Colombia
	3 From the Vernacular House to the Modern House
	4 The Tamed Spirit
	5 Architecture and Tropical Climate
	6 Methods for Architecture Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Blossoming of a Modernist Lexicon. Camillo Autore and the Reconstruction of Reggio Calabria
	1 Introduction
	2 Modernism and Reconstruction. A Missed Opportunity
	3 Elements of Modernism in Camillo Autore’s Works in Reggio Calabria
	4 The Church of St. George—Tempio della Vittoria
	5 From a Memorial to a Monumental Fountain
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Missing Piece. Luigi Moretti’s Shrine to the Martyrs of the Fascist Revolution at the Foro Mussolini, Rome
	“Case del Fascio”: Forgotten ‘Fragments’ in Contemporary Rome
		1 Introduction
		2 The Casa del Fascio: Advent and Evolution of a Building Type
		3 The Headquarters of the Local Groups in Rome and in the Suburb
			3.1 The Local Groups in Rome
			3.2 The Local Groups in the Suburb
		4 What Destiny Awaits These Forgotten Fragments in the Contemporary City?
		References
	1 Introduction
	2 Historical-Political Frame: Moretti, Muti and the Foro Mussolini
		2.1 Ettore Muti’s Presidency and the Sacrario
		2.2 The War and Destruction
	3 “Presente!” or the Typology of the Fascist Memorial
	4 The Last Shrine
	5 Reconstructing the Shrine
	6 Conclusions
	References
“Case del Fascio”: Forgotten‘Fragments’ in Contemporary Rome
	1 Introduction
	2 The Casa del Fascio: Advent and Evolution of a BuildingType
	3 
The Headquarters of the Local Groups in Romeand in the Suburb
		3.1 The Local Groups in Rome
		3.2 The Local Groups in the Suburb
	4 What Destiny Awaits These Forgotten Fragmentsin the Contemporary City?
	References
The New Astronomical Observatory of Rome. A Philological Reinterpretation of an Unfinished and Monumental Modern Complex
	1 The New Astronomical Observatory of Rome, the Premises
	2 Main Characteristics of the Complex
		2.1 The Main Building
		2.2 The Other Buildings of the Complex
	3 Project Drawings and Reconstructions
	References
Mediterranean Islands’ Vernacular Architecture and the Origin of Modern Architecture
	Modern Construction in Bologna. The Faculty of Engineering by Giuseppe Vaccaro, 1932–1935
		1 Introduction
		2 The Historical Events and Construction Characteristics of the Faculty of Engineering
			2.1 The Design Process
			2.2 Description of the Building
			2.3 The Construction Technique
		3 The Library Tower
			3.1 The Towers in Early Twentieth Century Italian Architecture
			3.2 Construction Features of the Library Tower of the Faculty of Engineering
			3.3 The East Façade of the Tower of the Faculty of Engineering
			3.4 The Role of Direct Investigations
			3.5 Analysis of the Safety Conditions of the Façade Through Its Survey
		4 Conclusions
		References
	1 Introduction
	2 The Stereotype of Mediterranean Vernacular Architecture
	3 The Island of Capri
	4 The Aegean Islands
	5 The Island of Ibiza
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Church of Cristo Re in Cagliari, 1952–1963, G. Genta and S. Panzarasa: Tradition and Modernity in the Architecture of the Central Sacred Space
	1 Three Typologies: Longitudinal, Central and Hybrid
	2 The Renewal of Architectural Type in Post-World War II Italy
	3 Sacral Geometries: Centralized Spaces and Hexagonal Plans
	4 Between the ‘Sacro Cuore’ and ‘Cristo Re’ Churches: Sacred Space with Baroque Evocations
	5 Urban Expansions, Regulatory Paths and Organic Architecture
	6 Genesis of the ‘Sacro Cuore’ Church Project
	7 Execution of the Work: The Church of Cristo Re
	8 Between Tradition and Modernity: Closed Exterior, Open Interior
	References
Bari Discovering Dioguardi. Possible Strategies for Reading the Built Work of Saverio Dioguardi
	1 Saverio Dioguardi Work in the BDA Project
	2 The Drawing of the Saverio Dioguardi Built Works and the Place of the Image
	References
From the Office Skyscraper to the Residential Tower: The Case of the Vistamar Tower in Alicante, 1962–1965
	1 From the American to the European Skyscraper: From Technical Progress to Aesthetic Concept First Section
	2 The Pirelli Skyscraper in Milan: 1952–1961, Gio Ponti’s Team
	3 The Vistamar Tower in Alicante: 1962–1965, Juan Guardiola Gaya
	4 The Skyscraper and the Tower as Uniqueness of the Skyline: Vistamar Versus Pirelli
	References
Architecture and a Systematic Approach as Amplification of the Modern Project Lexicon. Modernist Experiences in Argentina Around the 1960s
	1 The Exhaustion of a Project Modality
	2 The Systematic Approach in Argentina
	3 The Awarded Project for the Oran Hospital, a Systemic Proposal
	4 From Design to Execution, a Possible Modernism
	5 Modernist Approach, Contemporary Response?
	References
Elaboration of a Critical Paradigm for Interpreting Modern Architecture: The Almost Intangible Essence of Luigi Moretti's Casa del Balilla at Trecate
	1 Approaching Modern Architecture by Means of an Example: The Casa del Balilla by Luigi Moretti at Trecate (Salvatore Damiano)
		1.1 A Critique of the Modern Architecture During the Modern Period
		1.2 A Possible Methodological Model for a Deep Analysis of Architecture
		1.3 Genius et Locus
	2 From Project Drawings to the Virtual Model: Analytical Reconstruction of the Vanished Spatial Essence (Eleonora Di Mauro)
		2.1 Casa del Balilla of Trecate: An Example of Neglected Modern Architecture
		2.2 Beyond the Drawing: Conclusions as a Possible Prelude to New Reflections
	References
Historical-Graphic Introspection on Catalan Modernism the Architectural Lexicon of Agricultural Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Phases of Catalan Modernism
		2.1 Premodernism
		2.2 Full Modernism
		2.3 The Second Modernism
		2.4 Last Phase of Modernism
	3 Cesar Martinell i Brunet Between Modernism and Twentieth Century
	4 Agricultural Architecture: Cesar Martinell i Brunet Cellers
	5 Reading Through Drawing
		5.1 Pinell de Brai “La Catedral de vi”
		5.2 Gandesa “El Templo de Bacus”
	6 Conclusions
	References
Icons of the Italian Style. The Façade of Olivetti Headquarters Building in Milan (1954)
	1 Introduction: The Curtain Wall and the International Style
	2 The Curtain Wall in Italy and the Role of Curtisa Society
	3 The Architecture of Olivetti After the Second War World
	4 The Olivetti Headquarters Building in Milan (1950–1954)
	5 Digital Modelling Implementation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Mutant Bodies. Statue Digitization and Exhibition at the National Archaeological Museum of Venice
	1 Introduction
	2 The Public Statuary and the National Archaeological Museum of Venice
		2.1 The Birth of National Archaeological Museum of Venice
	3 The Gauls
		3.1 Fallen Gaul
		3.2 Kneeling Gaul
		3.3 Dead Gaul
	4 Conclusion
	References
Structural Lexicon. Expressiveness of Steel Grids in Italian Urban Contexts
	1 A New Lexeme: The “Rationalist” Grid and the Search for Abstraction
	2 Aesthetics of Slender Structures: Steel Frame and Spirit of Tradition
	3 The Experimentation of Steel Grid: New Relationships with Historic Urban Contexts
	4 Polar Geometries: The Chase Manhattan Bank in Milan
	5 Variable Patterns: The Rai Headquarters in Turin
	6 Urban Palimpsest: The Enpam Building in Rome
	7 Conclusion
	References
The E-1027, That Obscure Object of Design
	1 Introduction
	2 The E-1027 in Its Context
	3 The Prescient Criticism to Corbusian Modernist Canon and Neoplasticist Architecture in E-1027: A Wise Integration
	4 The E-1027 as a Modernist Gesamtkuntswerk. Architecture, Place and Interior Design
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau of Le Corbusier. From Real Scale Replica to Digital Modelling and Environmental Analysis
	1 Introduction: The Knowledge of Le Corbusier’s Work
	2 Environmental Issues in Le Corbusier’s Work
	3 The Construction of Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau in Paris and Its Replica in Bologna
	4 The Experience of Space, Digital Representation and Performance Analysis of the Pavillon
	5 Discussion and Final Remarks
	References
Digital Heritage Interpretation of Modernist Modular Architecture: The K67 Kiosk
	1 Introduction
	2 The K67 System
	3 Architectural Heritage, or an Industrial Design Museum Object?
	4 A Platform for Inspiration and Discourse
		4.1 Digital Mapping
		4.2 Between Recycling and Upcycling
		4.3 3D Digital Transformations
	5 Three-Dimensional Digital Heritage Interpretation of the K67 Kiosk
	6 Conclusion
	References
For “A Positive and Feasible Architecture”. The Contribution of Mario Chiattone to the Avant-Garde Movements of the Early 20th Century
	1 Introduction
	2 A Critical Re-Reading of Mario Chiattone: His Biography
	3 Chiattone in His Time
		3.1 Mario Chiattone: “My Opinion on Modern Architecture”
	4 Infrared Reflectography and 3D Reconstruction: The Chiattone’s Graphic Language Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Contribution of “Local” Registers to the Census of the Modern Movement. A GIS Solution Being Created for the Palazzata of Messina
	1 The Need to Document the “Local” Modern Lexicon
		1.1 The Modern Experience of Messina
		1.2 The Modern as Told by the Palazzata
	2 International Experiences for the Census of Modern Architecture. Starting Points for a Local Register
		2.1 The Analysis of Approaches to the Documentation Activity
		2.2 The Propulsive Action of Digital Solutions
		2.3 A GIS Solution for the “Local” Modern Register in Messina
	3 Documentation for Conservation. The Spanish Experience
	4 Future Research Developments: The doCgis, an Informative and Operative Solution for Shared Conservation Strategies
	References
Theory and Practice of the Architectural Project at VChUTEMAS. Graphic Interpretations
	1 Activities and Art at VChUTEMAS
	2 Pedagogical Method at VChUTEMAS
	3 Project for a Railwayman’s House, Lidija Komarova, 1924
	4 Study of Composition by V. Petrov, 1921
	5 Conclusions
	References
Dance and Architecture. Representations. Surveying the Geographies of Space
	1 Prelude—Inhabiting the Stage. Research Objectives and Methodology
	2 First Act—The Scene. The Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes
	3 Second Act—The Costume. The Schlemmer’s Triadric Dance
	4 Third Act—The Space. The Walter Gropius’ Total Theater
	5 Epilogue—Surveying Geographies of Space
	References
Learning Through Models: Sapienza Campus in Six Shots
	1 Introduction
	2 Sapienza Campus: 20 Years of Studies and Research
		2.1 The Rectorate, the Physics Institute and School of Math
		2.2 The Chapel of the Divina Sapienza: Geometric Analysis and Formal Genesis
		2.3 Botany and Geology Institute: Management Through Integrated Models
	3 Conclusion
	References
The Modernist Culture of Building Materials in Umbria
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials, Landscape, Modernism
		2.1 Tangible and Intangible Landscape
		2.2 The Case Study of the Umbrian Landscape at the End of Nineteenth Century
		2.3 Research Project “Paths of Modernity”
		2.4 Materials, Architectures and Landscape in the Umbria at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
	3 The Evolution of Modernity in Two Different Case Studies
		3.1 Giovanni Battista Massini (1897–1967)
		3.2 Francesco Zannetti (1911–1990)
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Geisel Library, the Brutalist Architecture of William Pereira
	1 Introduction
	2 William Leonard Pereira
	3 History and Design of Geisel Library
	4 Preserving Brutalist Cultural Heritage with H-BIM
	5 Data Acquisition for Point Cloud Generation
	6 Processing Image and H-BIM Production
	7 Conclusion
	References
Auditoriums in Oscar Niemeyer’s Architecture: Strategies and Persistence of the Concept of Plasticity
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Procedures and Methods
		3.1 Data Input
		3.2 Information Processing
		3.3 Data Analysis and Modeling
		3.4 Results and Discussion
	4 The Trapezoidal Auditoriums with Curvilinear Surfaces in Oscar Niemeyer’s Architecture
	5 Geometric Analysis of the Vertical Section of Auditoriums by Parametric Modeling
	6 Types of Auditorium: Identification and Classification
	7 Analysis of Groups of Buildings Designed by Oscar Niemeyer
	8 The Persistence of a Concept: Plasticity
	References
Comparative Lexicology of a Built Cultural Heritage. The Curutchet House in La Plata Designed by Le Corbusier
	1 Introduction
	2 The Curutchet House as Part of the Built Cultural Heritage of Argentina
	3 Designing the Curutchet House
	4 Construction Drawings
	5 The Two Languages of Representation
	6 Contemporary Representations of a Modern Architecture. An Exercise in Drawing
	7 Conclusions
	References
Sacripanti Unbuilt. Icons of Modernity
	1 Maurizio Sacripanti. The Theoretical Thought
	2 Four Projects of Città di Frontiera
	3 The Peugeot Skyscraper
	4 The Teatro Lirico in Cagliari
	5 The Offices of the Chamber of Deputies in Rome
	6 Project for the New Museum in the Eremitani Area in Padua
	7 Conclusions
	References
H-BIM Modelling for Enhancing Modernism Architectural Archives. Reliability of Reconstructive Modelling for “on Paper” Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and State of Art
	3 Methodology
	4 Case Study
	5 Workflow
	6 Results and Open Issues
	7 Conclusion
	References
Modern Architecture Seeds Spread on Brazilian Soil: Ginásio de Itanhaém—The Embodied Work
	1 Introduction
	2 The Rise of the “Escola Paulista”
		2.1 Modern Architecture Seeds Spread on Brazilian Soil
		2.2 Modern Brazilian Architecture: The Blooming of a Tropical Plant
	3 Vilanova Artigas and the Social Question in Modern Architecture in São Paulo
		3.1 Ginásio de Itanhaém (1959)
	4 Final Considerations
	References
Post-war Modernism in Greece: The “XENIA” Construction Program for an Architecture of Tourism During the 50s–60s
	1 Introduction
	2 The ‘Xenia Program’ and the Selection of Its Name
	3 Typological, Morphological and Architectural Characteristics of the Xenia Hotels
	4 The Architectural Value of Xenia Hotels in the Criticality of the Present Conditions
	5 Future Potential Strategies for the Re-use and the of Xenia Hotels
		5.1 A Possible Sustainable Approach for the Renovation of the XENIA Hotels
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Neural Network Model for a Multimedia Reinterpretation of the Modern Movement. The Representation of Transversal and Coherent Relationships in the Artistic and Architectural Productions of the De Stijl Movement
	1 Introduction
	2 De Stijl Movement: A Reinterpretation of Transversal and Coherent Relationships
		2.1 La Ville, 1919, Fernand Léger: la Rappresentazione di un Sistema Integrato di Relazioni Transculturali e Transnazionali
		2.2 Possible Parallels Between the Modern Movement and Contemporary Avant-Gardes
	3 The Theory of Complex Drawing
		3.1 Complex Drawing as a Tool for Simultaneous Representation of the Material and Immaterial Aspects of an Architecture
		3.2 Degrees of Representation of Reality
		3.3 Some Fundamental Artistic References
		3.4 Methods of Organization and Realization of Complex Drawings
	4 Applications of Complex Drawing
		4.1 The Complex Drawing of the De Stijl Movement
		4.2 On the Perceptive Mechanisms of Complex Drawing
	References
Collaboration Between Architects and Companies in the Development of a Modern Architecture Lexicon: Bombelli’s Technological Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 “Digital” Approach to the Bombelli Archive Accessibility Project
	3 Bombelli’s Collaboration in Some Masterpieces of 20th-Century Architecture
		3.1 Gates
		3.2 Windows and Curtain Walls
		3.3 Glass Roofs (velari)
		3.4 Internal Partitions
		3.5 Shelving Systems
	4 An Emblematic Case Study: Palazzo Montecatini
		4.1 The Comprehensive Project of Gio Ponti
		4.2 The Innovative Use of Aluminium and Anticorodal
		4.3 Window Frames: The Evolution of the Project Analysing the Bombelli Archive
		4.4 The Conservation of the Original Building Technologies
	5 Conclusions
	References
Digital Reconstruction of Unbuilt Architectures: Sergio Hutter’s Design for the Euro-Kursaal in San Sebastian, Spain
	1 Introduction
	2 Sergio Hutter and the Euro-Kursaal in San Sebastian
		2.1 Sergio Hutter: Cultural Context and Design Attitude
		2.2 The Competition for the Euro-Kursaal
	3 From Real to Digital Archive
		3.1 Digital Heritage’s Regulatory Frameworks and the State of the Art
		3.2 The Building Information Modeling: A Tool for Interoperability and Advanced Information Management for the Unbuilt Architecture
	4 Methodological Approach
		4.1 London Charter as Methodological Frame
		4.2 The Workflow
	5 Site and Context Analysis
	6 Conclusions and Possible Developments and Applications
	References
From the Survey to the Digital Construction Site
	1 The Case Study
	2 State of the Art
	3 Knowledge Processes Supported by H-BIM Methodologies
		3.1 Indirect Form for Digital (Re)construction
		3.2 Direct Form for Digital (Re)Construction
	4 Photo-Modeling of the Mummarelle
	5 Matters of the Construction Site
	6 Achieved and Expected Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
Paul Rudolph’s Construction: Material and Space
	Design Systems of Modern Architecture as a Tool for the Re-use and Restoration Project. The School of Engineering in Bologna by Giuseppe Vaccaro
		1 Introduction
		2 The Case Study: Application of a Design Method
			2.1 Giuseppe Vaccaro’s School of Engineering in Bologna
		3 The Relationship Between Analysis, Schemes and Shapes
			3.1 Diagrams for the Distributive System
			3.2 The Design Functional List
			3.3 The Distributive Diagram
			3.4 Distribution Diagram and Elements of the Composition in the Structure of the Plan
		4 Conclusions
		References
	1 Introduction
	2 The Lightness of the New Materials
	3 First Experimentation with Concrete
	4 The Expressiveness of Form
	5 Conclusions
	References
Ralph Erskine. The Artic Architect of Modernism
	1 Introduction
	2 Domestic Laboratory Experiment
	3 Construction, Climate and Landscape
	4 Prefabrication and Climate
	5 Environmental Awareness
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design Strategies in Vilanova Artigas’ Architecture and the Essential Role of the Vertical Section
	1 Introduction
	2 Procedures and Methods
	3 Vilanova Artigas’ Architecture
	4 Selected Designs for Analysis
	5 Artigas Design Strategies
		5.1 A Single and Regular Cover, as a Large Shelter
		5.2 Alternation of Ceiling Heights
		5.3 Courtyards for Socialization
		5.4 Incidence of Light Through Zenith Openings
		5.5 Transfer of Loads of the Building by Varied Types of Columns
		5.6 Adoption of Ramps to Provide Continuity and Spatial Fluidity
		5.7 Exploration of Intermediate Levels for the Integration of Spaces
		5.8 Demonstration of the Constructive System
	References
Virtual Modernisms. A Digital Investigation on Enrico Castiglioni Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 The Enrico Castiglioni ‘Structural Fantasies’
	4 Naples Railway Station: 3D Modelling and 3D Printing of a Worldwide Known ‘Vaults Fantasy’
		4.1 Historical Investigation
		4.2 3D Modelling Investigation
		4.3 3D Printed Model Investigation
	5 The Viggiù Church: 3D Modelling and 3D Printing of a ‘Wavy Vault’
		5.1 Historical Investigation
		5.2 3D Modelling Investigation
		5.3 3D Printed Model Investigation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Marcello Piacentini, Genesis of a Form: The Drawing of the University City of Rome by “La Sapienza”
	1 The Drawings for the University City
	2 Similarities with Bruno Taut’s Drawings
	3 From the Castrum to the Basilica, the Double Spatial Device
	4 The Physical Center: The Library, the Rectorate, the Great Hall
	References
Monoscopic Photogrammetry to Investigate the Buildings in the Period of Modernism in Salerno: The Case Study of Torquato Tasso High School
	1 Introduction (Simona Talenti)
	2 Torquato Tasso High School
		2.1 Brief Historical Introduction (Simona Talenti)
		2.2 The Vitruvian Triad: Utilitas, Firmitas and Venustas (Sara Morena)
	3 Photogrammetry for the Architectural-Stylistic Interpretation of the Building (Sara Morena)
	4 Conclusions (Sara Morena)
	References
The Edge of Modernist ‘sventramento’ at Piazza Augusto Imperatore in Rome
	1 Introduction
	2 Piazza Augusto Imperatore, from the Roman Mausoleum to the Present Urban Layout
	3 Methodological References
	4 Typological Analysis of the Accesses
	5 Quantitative Analysis of the Accesses
	6 Qualitative Analysis of the Accesses
	7 Conclusions
	References
Modern Architecture, Plano de Ação, and Social Role of Architecture
	1 Some Considerations on Brazilian Modern Architecture
	2 Some Important Discussions and Positions
	3 The Production of Modern Public Buildings by the State of São Paulo
	4 Modern Architecture, Social Programs, and Public Buildings
	5 Brazilian Modern Architecture and Its Social Role
	6 The Use of Digital Technologies in the Analysis of Modern Production of PAGE’s School Buildings
	7 Conclusion: The Social Role of the Architecture, Architectural Diversity and Paulista School, the Legacy of Plano de Ação
	References
Peripheral Architectural Hierophanies. Claudio Caveri’s Sacred Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Religion and Modernity
	3 Sacred and Architectural Modernity
	4 The Liturgical Movement and German Functionalism
	5 Claudio Caveri, the Three Reflective Stages
	6 Nuestra Señora de Fátima Church
	7 Santa María de Guadalupe Church
	8 Our Lady of Fatima Chapel
	9 Conclusions
	References
Architectural Transformations in Downtown São Paulo in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s
	1 Introduction
	2 Demographic Growth and Expansion of the City of São Paulo
	3 Verticalization
	4 The Case of the Galeria Metrópole Building
		4.1 The Contest
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Reasons of a Form: Project Drawings of the Ridolfi Group for the Competition “Palazzo del Littorio” in Rome
	1 The History Behind the Competition
	2 Urban Context, the Contradictions of the Area
	3 The Ridolfi Group and the Project Report
	4 Analysis of the Project Drawings
	5 The End of a Curvilinear Course
	References
Maison Particulière. Graphic Reading and Virtual Reconstruction
	1 Introduction
	2 Maison Particulière
	3 Graphic Readings
	4 Conclusions
	References
Raffaello Fagnoni and the School of Aeronautical Application—School of Air War in Florence Architecture of a Controversial and Damaged Past
	1 Introduction to Totality Architecture
	2 Rationalist Architecture in Florence
		2.1 Raffaello Fagnoni
		2.2 The Scuola di Guerra Aerea
		2.3 The Arboretum
		2.4 The Criticism
	3 Digital for Architectural Analysis
		3.1 Criticalities and Resolutions
		3.2 Methodology Applied
		3.3 The Study of Volumes
	4 Representation as a Knowledge Tool
	5 Conclusions
	References
E1: Industrialization in Modern Brazilian Architecture, 1950
	1 Flexibility and Prefabrication as Design Concepts
	2 Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM)
	3 The E-1 Construction
	4 Historical Reconstruction Process
	5 Modern Heritage and E1: Construction Industrialization as Poetics
	References
Conceptual Matrices Between Modern Art and Architectural Representation Models in Modern(isms), and Beyond. A Study Based on the Architecture of Zaha Hadid
	1 Introduction
	2 Permutations Between ‘Form’ and ‘Content’
	3 Foundational Concepts of New Methods for Formal Organizations in Space
	References
Developing Critical Knowledge of Twentieth-Century Cultural Heritage via Massive Survey: The Case of the Conservation Plan of the Stadio Flaminio in Rome
	1 Introduction
	2 BIM Modeling of the Original Final Design
		2.1 Architectural Model
		2.2 Structural Model
		2.3 MEP Model
	3 3D Massive Survey
		3.1 Survey Equipment
		3.2 Survey Project
		3.3 Data Acquisition
		3.4 Data Processing
		3.5 Aerial Photogrammetric Survey
	4 Comparative Analysis
		4.1 Comparison Between Original Project and “As-Built”
		4.2 Comparison Between “As-Built” and Current State
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Spanish Neo-Colonial Architecture: The Other Western Architectural Option to Build Modernity
	1 Introduction
	2 The United States of America and the Genesis of the Spanish Neo-Colonial Style: Evolution as Modernity
	3 Latin America: Form and Feeling
	4 Spain Joins the Style Making It Intercontinental
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Time Variable in the Communication of Memory: New Models to Portray the Former GIL Building Designed by Luigi Moretti
	1 Introduction: Drawing as a Hybrid Site of Formation
	2 The Former House of the GIL in Trastevere
	3 The “Evolving” Representative Model
	References
Claude Parent: The Epistemological Shift from the Modernism to the Metabolism
	1 Introduction
		1.1 From the Fracture to the Movement
	2 Claude Parent: Thought and Works
		2.1 A Subversive Thought
		2.2 The Slope: Between Fracture and Continuity
		2.3 The Obliquity Meets Futurism
		2.4 The Oblique Anticipates Metabolism
		2.5 The Oblique Conveys in Infrastructures
	3 Conclusion
		3.1 Claude Parent’s Work Between Modernism, Futurism and Metabolism
	References
The BIM Before the BIM, Nervi’s Lesson in Parametric Among Architecture Structure and Construction
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Modern Heritage of Pierluigi Nervi
		1.2 BIM as a Key for the Analysis of the Nervi Lesson
	2 Pier Luigi Nervi as a Key Figure
	3 A Case Study, the Palazzetto dello Sport in Rome
		3.1 The Architectural Design
		3.2 The Structural Concept
		3.3 The “Rhombi” as an On-site Prefabrication Tool
		3.4 The Ferrocement
	4 Interpreting Nervi’s Workflow Through BIM
		4.1 The Creation of the Reference Parametric Model
		4.2 Creation of Architectural Elements and Export
		4.3 Structural Analysis
		4.4 Project Optimization Through BIM
	5 Conclusions
	References