Digital Electronic Communications

Preface
	Case Study Methodology
		The Case Study Report
	References
Acknowledgments
Contents
Acronyms
List of Symbols
International Standards
Part I Single-Channel Communications
	1 Introduction to Communication Systems
		1.1 A Brief History of Communications
		1.2 Electronic Communications
		1.3 Basic Elements of a Communication System
		1.4 Aspects in the Design of Digital Communication Systems
		1.5 Measurements in a Communication System
		1.6 Communication System Specifications
		1.7 Assessment
		References
	2 Signal Analysis in Digital Communications
		2.1 The Baseband Signal
			2.1.1 Harmonic Signals
		2.2 Modulation Principle
		2.3 Signal Representation
			2.3.1 Hermitian
		2.4 Signal Classification
		2.5 Power Analysis
			2.5.1 Relationship Between Power and Energy
			2.5.2 Statistical Parameters
			2.5.3 Power Measurement
			2.5.4 Power Measurement Units
			2.5.5 Experiment: Baseband Signals
		2.6 Quantization
			2.6.1 Sampling and Hold
			2.6.2 A Measure of Digital Signals
			2.6.3 Dynamic Range
			2.6.4 The Information Sequence
			2.6.5 Quantization Stage
		2.7 Orthogonal Representation of Modulated Signals
			2.7.1 The Phase Diagram
		2.8 Noise
			2.8.1 Channel Modeling with Noise
			2.8.2 Sources of Noise
			2.8.3 Noise Power Density
			2.8.4 Noise Variance and Power
			2.8.5 Wideband Properties
			2.8.6 Signal-to-Noise Ratio
			2.8.7 Sensitivity
			2.8.8 Quantization Noise
		2.9 Problems
		References
	3 Information Theory
		3.1 Basics on Information Theory
			3.1.1 Information Rate
			3.1.2 Shannon's Theorem and Channel Capacity
			3.1.3 Shannon's First and Second Theorem
			3.1.4 Receiver Power
		3.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio
			3.2.1 Sensitivity and Channel Capacity
			3.2.2 Shannon Theoretical Limit
		3.3 Problems
		References
	4 Performance of Digital Modulation Techniques
		4.1 Spectral Analysis of the Baseband Signal
		4.2 Modulation Schemes
			4.2.1 By Signal Type
			4.2.2 By Variation of the Carrier
		4.3 The Principle of Modulation
		4.4 Modulation Parameters
		4.5 Line Encoding
			4.5.1 Speed vs. Bandwidth
		4.6 Line Edge Transition Modulation
			4.6.1 Reversible Polarity Code (RB)
			4.6.2 AMI (Altern Mark Inversion)
		4.7 Phase Alternation Techniques
			4.7.1 Manchester or Dual-Phased
			4.7.2 Differential Manchester
			4.7.3 Delay Modulation or Miller Coding
		4.8 Techniques with Memory
			4.8.1 BNZS Modulation
			4.8.2 B3ZS Modulation
			4.8.3 B6ZS Modulation
			4.8.4 B8ZS Modulation
			4.8.5 High-Density Bipolar n
			4.8.6 HDB3
		4.9 Eye Diagram
			4.9.1 Building of Eye Diagram
			4.9.2 Eye-Diagram Parameters
		4.10 Ethernet
		4.11 Problems
		References
	5 Elements of Digital Communication
		5.1 Design of a Digital Communication System
		5.2 Electronic Devices in a Digital Communication System
			5.2.1 Transmitter
			5.2.2 Mixer
			5.2.3 Oscillators
		5.3 Passband Modulation
		5.4 Frequency Modulation
			5.4.1 Spectrum of Frequency Modulated Signal
			5.4.2 FM Power
			5.4.3 Narrow Band Modulation
		5.5 Frequency Modulation Methods
			5.5.1 Indirect Modulation Method
			5.5.2 Direct FM Generation Method
			5.5.3 Frequency-Shift Keying
		5.6 Pulse Width Modulation
		5.7 Phase Passband Modulation
			5.7.1 Quadrature Phase Modulation
		5.8 Channel
			5.8.1 Spectral Assignment
			5.8.2 Channel Bandwidth
			5.8.3 Bandwidth Optimization
			5.8.4 Media Frequency Assignation
			5.8.5 Attenuation Analysis
		5.9 Receivers
			5.9.1 Coherent Detector
			5.9.2 Envelope Detector
			5.9.3 Half-wave Rectification Envelope Detector
			5.9.4 FM Detection Measurement Parameters
		5.10 Filter
			5.10.1 Filter Design
			5.10.2 General Filter Parameters
			5.10.3 The Filter on the Transmitter and Receiver
			5.10.4 Emphasis/De-emphasis Filters
			5.10.5 The Forward Filter
			5.10.6 Phase Locking
			5.10.7 Integrating or Delay Amplifier
			5.10.8 Analysis with Noise
			5.10.9 Filter Design
		5.11 Problems
		References
Part II Multipath Communications
	6 Time–Frequency Channel Assignment
		6.1 The Multiplexing Model
		6.2 Time Division Multiplexing
			6.2.1 PAM/PCM
			6.2.2 Overhead
			6.2.3 Frames
		6.3 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
			6.3.1 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
			6.3.2 Experimental Framework
		6.4 Wavelength Division Multiplexing
			6.4.1 Fiber Optics
		6.5 Optical Frequency Division Multiplexing
			6.5.1 Mathematical Modeling
		6.6 Code Division Multiplexing
			6.6.1 2B1Q Modulation
			6.6.2 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
		6.7 WCDMA
			6.7.1 Mathematical Modeling
		6.8 Multiplexing Techniques in a 4G System
		6.9 System Assembly
		6.10 Modulator and Demodulator Operation
			6.10.1 Demodulator
		6.11 Spread Spectrum
			6.11.1 Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum
		6.12 Problems
		References
	7 Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems
		7.1 Multipath
		7.2 Wireless Networks
		7.3 Wireless Fidelity
			7.3.1 Mathematical Modeling
			7.3.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation
			7.3.3 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
			7.3.4 Message Header
		7.4 Visible Light Communication Modulation
			7.4.1 Modeling and Simulation of an Adaptive Spatial Modulation Scheme
			7.4.2 Definition of VLC
			7.4.3 Acousto-Optic Modulators (AOMs)
			7.4.4 Implementation of a VLC
		7.5 Problems
		References
A Probability Theory
	A.1 Conditional Probability
	A.2 Probability Functions
	A.3 Statistical Analysis of the Signal
	A.4 Continuous Probability Functions
		A.4.1 Exponential
		A.4.2 Gamma
		A.4.3 Weibull
		A.4.4 Normal
		A.4.5 Log Normal
		A.4.6 Beta
	A.5 Discrete Probability Functions
		A.5.1 Binomial
		A.5.2 Poisson
	A.6 Maximum Likelihood Estimation
	References
B The Fourier Transform
	B.1 Properties of the Fourier Transform
		B.1.1 Fourier Functions
		B.1.2 Fourier Multipliers
		B.1.3 Fourier Tensors
	B.2 Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwartz Inequality
	B.3 Bessel Function
		B.3.1 Properties of Bessel Function
		B.3.2 Bessel Equation of Order λ and Parameter p
	B.4 Bernoulli Memristors
	References
C Python Routines
	C.1 Chapter 2
	C.2 Chapter 5
Glossary
Index