Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer using Thermal Therapies: Minimal and Non-invasive Techniques [Team-IRA]

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Table of Contents
1. Main Problems in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatments
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Main challenges in cancer detection
		1.2.1 Standard methods for cancer detection
		1.2.2 Recent methods for cancer detection and diagnosis
	1.3 Main challenges in cancer treatments
		1.3.1 Main cancer treatments vs thermotherapies
	1.4 Main challenges in the clinical application of new treatments
	Reference list
2. Bioimpedance and Cancer Detection
	2.1 Bioimpedance basics
		2.1.1 Electrical properties of the cells
		2.1.2 Electrical properties of malignant tissues
		2.1.3 Electrodes and probe
		2.1.4 Instrumentation
	2.2 Bioimpedance applications
		2.2.1 Circulating tumoral cells detection (CTC)
		2.2.2 Breast cancer detection by EIS
		2.2.3 Breast cancer detection by MIS
	Reference list
3. Thermal Images: Towards Cancer Detection
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Thermal images principles and applications
		3.2.1 Infrared sensors, readings, and data arrays
		3.2.2 Thermal camera characterization
		3.2.3 Thermal imaging in medicine
		3.2.4 Correlation between physiology and thermal images
		3.2.5 Thermal data and image processing
	3.3 Breast cancer thermal imaging
		3.3.1 Device criteria
		3.3.2 Procedures for routine tests and preparing patients
		3.3.3 Image analysis and interpretation
		3.3.4 Risk and prognostic diagnosis
		3.3.5 A comparison of thermography and other medical techniques
	3.4 Current advances and perspectives
	3.5 Conclusions
	Reference list
4. Artificial Intelligence and Cancer Detection
	4.1 Introduction: Artificial Intelligence and its clinical relevance
	4.2 Data acquisition
		4.2.1 Clinical data
		4.2.2 Cancer medical imaging
	4.3 Preprocessing
	4.4 Processing
		4.4.1 Feature extraction and selection methods
		4.4.2 Classification methods
		4.4.3 Segmentation methods
	4.5 Visualization and presentation
	4.6 Validation and assessment of results
	4.7 Conclusion
	Reference list
5. Hyperspectral Imaging for Cancer Applications
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 HSI Instrumentation
	5.3 HSI analysis algorithms
	5.4 HSI applications in cancer detection
		5.4.1 Skin cancer applications
		5.4.2 Brain cancer applications
		5.4.3 Gastrointestinal cancer applications
		5.4.4 Head and neck cancer applications
		5.4.5 Histological samples in cancer applications
	5.5 Conclusions
	Reference list
6. Oral Cancer Detection by Multi-Spectral Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (m-FLIM) and Linear Unmixing
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Non-invasive mFLIM techniques
	6.3 m-FLIM optical instrumentation
	6.4 m-FLIM data processing and fluorescence lifetime estimation
	6.5 Linear unmixing
	6.6 EBEAE analysis of m-FLIM datasets for oral cancer detection
	6.7 Conclusions
	Reference list
7. Thermotherapies based on Microwaves (MW) and Radiofrequencies (RF)
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Thermotherapies classification
		7.2.1 Physical principles of Microwaves (MW) and Radiofrequency (RF)
		7.2.2 RF and MW applicators
	7.3 Clinical applications
		7.3.1 Requirements for the clinical application of thermal therapies
		7.3.2 Main application and features according to the body region
		7.3.3 Treatment quality and clinical studies
	7.4 Computational modeling and treatment planning
		7.4.1 Electromagnetic models (MW and RF)
			7.4.2 Thermal models
			7.4.3 Treatment planning
	7.5 Conclusion
	Reference list
8. Thermotherapies based on Ultrasound
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Physical principles of ultrasound
		8.2.1 Ultrasonic sources
		8.2.2 Acoustic propagation modeling
		8.2.3 Acoustic field characterization
		8.2.4 Tissue mimicking-material for ultrasonic source validation
	8.3 Clinical applications
		8.3.1 Requirements for the clinical applications
		8.3.2 Extracorporeal applications
		8.3.3 Intracavitary and interstitial applications
		8.3.4 Combining therapies and clinical studies
	Reference list
9. Biological Effects of Thermal Therapies (EM Waves and Mechanical Waves)
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Thermal effects
		9.2.1 Biological aspects
		9.2.2 Biological tissues and temperature increase
	9.2.3 Tissue injury
	9.3 Non-thermal effects
	9.4 Exposure guidelines for electromagnetic radiation
	9.5 Conclusion
	Reference list
10. Photothermal Techniques in Cancer Detection-Photoacoustic Imaging
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 The photoacoustic techniques
	10.3 Ultrasound resolution
	10.4 Photoacoustic time-resolved sensitivity
	10.5 Photoacoustic imaging
	10.6 Photoacoustic in bone analysis
	10.7 Cancer detection zones
		10.7.1 Melanoma
		10.7.2 Breast
		10.7.3 Ovarian
		10.7.4 Prostate
	10.8 Final words
	Reference list
11. Tissue Characterization for Microwave and Ultrasonic Applications
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Tissue characterization by using open-ended coaxial probes
		11.2.1 Dielectric properties: relative permittivity and electrical conductivity
	11.3 Temperature dependence of tissue properties
		11.3.1 Electrical and thermal conductivity
		11.3.2 Blood perfusion
		11.3.3 Speed of sound
	11.4 Tissue characterization by acoustic propagation measurements
		11.4.1 Speed of sound
		11.4.2 Attenuation
	Reference list
12. Nanotheranostics in Cancer
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Fundamentals of nanomaterials
		12.2.1 Nanomaterials classification
		12.2.2 Nanoparticles in cancer
		12.2.3 Mechanisms for diagnostics and therapy
	12.3 Multifunctional nanomaterials
		12.3.1 Functionalization
		12.3.2 Characterization of functionalized nanoparticles
	12.4 Applications
	Reference list
13. Magneto Hyperthermia
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Clinical basis of induced hyperthermia
	13.3 Mechanisms of magnetic nanomaterials-based hyperthermia
	13.4 Factors influencing the design of formulations for magneto hyperthermia-based therapy
		13.4.1 Chemical composition
		13.4.2 Method of synthesis
		13.4.3 Surface modification
	13.5 Performance of nanomedicine systems developed for magnetic hyperthermia therapy, clinical phase studies
	Reference list
Index