Developments in Antenna Analysis and Design (Volume 1) (Electromagnetic Waves)

Cover
Contents
Preface
1 Applications of the characteristic mode theory to antenna design
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Background
		1.1.2 Characteristic mode theory
	1.2 Antenna design examples using the characteristic mode theory
		1.2.1 Circularly polarized antennas
		1.2.2 Wideband antennas
		1.2.3 Chassis-based MIMO antennas
		1.2.4 Bandwidth enhancement of platform-based antennas
	1.3 Summary
	References
2 Design of antennas mounted on complex platforms using the characteristic mode (CM) and characteristic basis (CB) function methods
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 TCM approach to designing antennas for mobile phone platforms
	2.3 Characteristic basis method for locating antennas on mobile phone platforms
	2.4 Placement of multiple antennas on a complex platform
		2.4.1 TCM-based approach
			2.4.1.1 TCM approach to pattern realization from sources located on a complex platform
		2.4.2 CB-based approach
			2.4.2.1 Pattern control using CBs
	2.5 Illustrative examples
		2.5.1 Four microstrip patch antennas on an FR4 substrate
		2.5.2 Topside of a ship excited by monopoles
		2.5.3 Four PIFA antennas on FR4 substrate
		2.5.4 Chassis excited by six dipoles
	2.6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	Appendix A1 Characteristic modes and bases
		A1.1 Generation of characteristic modes (CMs)
		A1.2 Generation of CBs
			A1.2.1 Comparison between CMs and CBs
	Appendix A2
		A2.1 TCM analysis of mobile phone antenna and antenna-plus-platform
	References
3 Wideband L-probe patch antenna
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Basic characteristics
		3.2.1 L-probe feeding mechanism
		3.2.2 M-probe feeding mechanism
	3.3 Parametric studies
		3.3.1 Performance with different Ph
		3.3.2 Performance with different aspect ratio
	3.4 Development of L-probe and M-probe fed patch antenna
		3.4.1 Circular polarization
		3.4.2 Dual polarization
		3.4.3 Dual band
		3.4.4 Conformal ground plane
		3.4.5 Printed circuit board
		3.4.6 Fusion of the L-probe and M-probe in antenna design
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
4 Advancements in MIMO antenna systems
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 MIMO antenna system performance metrics
	4.3 Major MIMO antenna system design challenges
	4.4 MIMO antenna system examples
		4.4.1 Mobile phones and handheld devices
		4.4.2 Cognitive radio front-ends
		4.4.3 USB dongle MIMO implementations
		4.4.4 Wireless access point MIMO implementations
	4.5 MIMO antenna solutions for 5G-enabled systems
		4.5.1 Mobile terminal 5G solutions
		4.5.2 Base station 5G solutions
	4.6 Conclusions
	References
5 Reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 History of LWAs
		5.2.1 Basic operating principle
		5.2.2 Classification of LWAs
			5.2.2.1 One-dimensional uniform LWA
			5.2.2.2 One-dimensional quasi-uniform LWA
			5.2.2.3 Two-dimensional LWA
	5.3 Passive frequency-scanning LWA structures
		5.3.1 One-dimensional (1-D) Fabry–Pérot LWA
		5.3.2 Composite right/left-handed transmission line and LWA
		5.3.3 Half-width microstrip LWA
	5.4 Reconfigurable LWAs
		5.4.1 1-D FP-reconfigurable LWAs
			5.4.1.1 Analysis on the reconfigurable FP LWA
			5.4.1.2 Antenna prototype and measured results
		5.4.2 Two-dimensional (2-D) FP-reconfigurable LWA
			5.4.2.1 Antenna configuration
			5.4.2.2 Dispersion and antenna analysis
	5.5 Experimental results
		5.5.1 CRLH-based reconfigurable LWA
			5.5.1.1 Reconfigurable CRLH LWA for fixed-frequency beam scanning
			5.5.1.2 CRLH LWA with tunable beamwidth and radiation angle
		5.5.2 Reconfigurable half-width microstrip LWA
			5.5.2.1 Analysis of 1-D reconfigurable structure using multistate macrocell
			5.5.2.2 Antenna design using binary unit cells
			5.5.2.3 Analysis of the LWA using macrocell states
			5.5.2.4 Comparison of reconfigurable LWA with uniform LWA
			5.5.2.5 Measured results
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6 Reconfigurable high-gain antennas for wireless communications
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Reconfigurable array antennas
	6.3 Reconfigurable PRS antennas
		6.3.1 Frequency-reconfigurable PRS antenna
		6.3.2 Pattern-reconfigurable PRS antenna
		6.3.3 Polarization-reconfigurable PRS antenna
	6.4 Conclusions
	References
7 Microfluidically reconfigurable antennas
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Fabrication and actuation techniques
	7.3 Flexible and stretchable liquid metal antennas
	7.4 Frequency-reconfigurable liquid metal antennas
	7.5 Reconfigurable antennas using dielectric liquids
	7.6 Beam-steerable liquid metal antennas
	7.7 Reconfigurable antennas using microfluidically repositionable metallized plates
	7.8 Concluding remarks
	References
8 Flexible and wearable antennas
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Wearable antennas for biomedical applications
	8.3 AMC-based flexible wearable antennas
	8.4 Inkjet-printed wearable antennas
	8.5 Textile-based wearable antennas
		8.5.1 Single- and multi-layer multi-Bowtie conformal antennas
		8.5.2 Dielectric resonator antennas for wearable application
		8.5.3 Wearable artistic antennas for WLAN-band
			8.5.3.1 Motivation
			8.5.3.2 Design challenges
			8.5.3.3 Simulation models, prototyping, and measurement
			8.5.3.4 Tajima machine used for prototyping
			8.5.3.5 Simulated and measured results
			8.5.3.6 Applications and art gallery exhibition
			8.5.3.7 Applications
			8.5.3.8 Art gallery exhibition
	References
9 Wearable technology and mobile platform for wearable antennas for human health monitoring
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Smart textile for health monitoring
	9.3 Electrical signals from the brain and heart
	9.4 Cardiovascular anatomy and electrophysiology
		9.4.1 The dipole theory for ECG
		9.4.2 Derivation of ECG from dipole vector
	9.5 Monitoring and diagnosis: neurological signal measurements
	9.6 Monitoring and diagnosis: cardiological signal measurements of diagnostic value
	9.7 Monitoring systems
	9.8 Neurological disorder monitoring by wearable wireless nano-bio-textile sensors
	9.9 Cardiovascular health monitoring
		9.9.1 Hardware system
		9.9.2 ECG signal acquisition
	9.10 Biofeedback system for therapeutics
	9.11 Conclusion
	References
10 Meta-atoms and artificially engineered materials for antenna applications
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Lens designs using MTMs
	10.3 Lens design using RO
	10.4 3D-Printing technique
	10.5 Design of artificially engineered materials
		10.5.1 Designing higher-permittivity materials from low-permittivity COTS material: method-1
		10.5.2 Designing higher-permittivity materials from low-permittivity COTS material: method-2
		10.5.3 Designing lower-permittivity materials from high-permittivity COTS material
		10.5.4 Designing lower-permittivity materials from high-permittivity 3D-printing material
	10.6 Different lens designs
		10.6.1 PLA Lens design
			10.6.1.1 Lens fabrication
			10.6.1.2 Lens measurement
			10.6.1.3 Results
		10.6.2 DaD lens design
			10.6.2.1 Lens fabrication
			10.6.2.2 Results
		10.6.3 ABS lens design
			10.6.3.1 Results
		10.6.4 Comparison of DaD and ABS lenses
	10.7 Summary
	10.8 Metal-only reflectarray antenna designs using metasurfaces
	10.9 Performance enhancement of antenna and array antennas using metasurface superstrates
		10.9.1 Example-1
		10.9.2 Example-2
		10.9.3 Summary
	References
11 Microwave antennas based on metamaterials and metasurfaces
	11.1 GRIN MTM lens antennas
		11.1.1 MTM flat lens antenna
			11.1.1.1 High-gain flat lens
			11.1.1.2 High-gain and low-sidelobe flat lens
			11.1.1.3 Loading-inside flat lens
			11.1.1.4 Anisotropic flat lens
		11.1.2 MTM curved lens antennas
			11.1.2.1 Luneburg lens
			11.1.2.2 Fish-eye lens
	11.2 MTM antennas using transformation optics
		11.2.1 MTM flattened reflectors
		11.2.2 MTM flattened convex and hyperbolic lenses
		11.2.3 MTM Luneburg lens with flattened focal surface
	11.3 Metasurface antennas
		11.3.1 Holographic metasurfaces for beam scanning
		11.3.2 Spoof SPP radiations
		11.3.3 Coding metasurfaces
	References
12 Metamaterial-based zero-phase-shift-line loop antennas
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 State-of-the-art ZPSL loop antennas
	12.3 Modeling of zero-phase-shift-line structure
		12.3.1 Dispersion analysis of zero-phase-shift-line structure
			12.3.1.1 Eigen-mode analysis
			12.3.1.2 Driven-mode analysis with loop configuration
			12.3.1.3 Equivalent circuit
		12.3.2 Design guidelines
	12.4 Design and applications
		12.4.1 Electrically large zero-phase-shift-line loop antennas for UHF near-field RFID readers
			12.4.1.1 Zero-phase-shift-line single-loop antenna
			12.4.1.2 Zero-phase-shift-line dual-loop antenna
			12.4.1.3 Zero-phase-shift-line grid-loop array antenna
			12.4.1.4 AMC-backed directional ZPSL loop antenna
		12.4.2 Horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna for WLAN access points
		12.4.3 CP omnidirectional antenna for UHF far-field RFID readers
	12.5 Summary
	References
Index
Back Cover