Developments and Applications of Enzymes From Thermophilic Microorganisms

Developments and Applications of Enzymes From Thermophilic Microorganisms
Copyright
List of tables
List of figures
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. General background
	1.1 Historical background and commercial prospects of enzymes
	1.2 Thermophiles/hyperthermophiles and their enzymes
	References
	Relevant websites
	Further reading
2. Physiological and morphological aspects of thermophiles and hyperthermophiles
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Physiological and morphological properties
	References
	Relevant websites
	Further reading
3. Biodiversity of thermotolerant microorganisms
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Thermophile/hyperthermophile diversity
	References
	Relevant websites
	Further reading
4. Properties of thermophilic/hyperthermophilic enzymes
	4.1 Enzymes as biocatalyst
	4.2 Properties of thermophilic/hyperthermophilic enzymes
	References
	Further reading
5. Enzyme production by thermophiles
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Enzyme production by thermophilic microorganisms
		5.2.1 Use of whole cells or isolated enzymes
	5.3 Thermophiles in biorefineries
	References
	Further reading
6. Current status of hyperthermophilic enzyme production
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Current status of hyperthermophilic enzyme production
	References
	Further reading
	Relevant websites
7. Enhancement of production/activity of thermophilic/hyperthermophilic enzymes
	7.1 Optimization of growth conditions and medium composition
	7.2 Chemical methods
	7.3 Genetic engineering
	References
	Further reading
8. Industrial applications of thermophilic/hyperthermophilic enzymes
	8.1. Amylases
		8.1.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.1.2 Applications of α-amylases
			8.1.2.1 Starch conversion
			8.1.2.2 Detergent industry
			8.1.2.3 Fuel alcohol production
			8.1.2.4 Food industry
			8.1.2.5 Textile industry
			8.1.2.6 Paper industry
			8.1.2.7 Bioremediation
			8.1.2.8 Clinical and pharmaceutical
			8.1.2.9 Other applications
		Bibliography
	8.2. Glucoamylases
		8.2.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.2.2 Applications of glucoamylases
			8.2.2.1 Production of sugars
			8.2.2.2 Ethanol production
			8.2.2.3 Other applications
		Bibliography
	8.3. Glucosidases
		8.3.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.3.2 Industrial application of β-glucosidases
			8.3.2.1 Biofuel production
			8.3.2.2 Isoflavones glycoside hydrolysis
			8.3.2.3 Flavor industry
			8.3.2.4 Cassava detoxification
			8.3.2.4 Deinking of waste paper
			8.3.2.5 Other applications
		Bibliography
		Further reading
	8.4. Pullulanase
		8.4.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.4.2 Industrial application of pullulanase
			8.4.2.1 Starch processing industry
			8.4.2.2 High-amylose starch
			8.4.2.3 Detergents
			8.4.2.4 Production of cyclodextrins
			8.4.2.5 Antistaling agent
			8.4.2.6 Preparation of maltooligosaccharides
			8.4.2.7 Others
		Bibliography
	8.5. Amylopullulanases
		8.5.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.5.2 Industrial applications of amylopullulanases
		Bibliography
		Relevant websites
	8.6. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases
		8.6.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.6.2 Application of CGTases
		Bibliography
	8.7. Cellulases
		8.7.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.7.2 Application of cellulases
			8.7.2.1 Textile and detergent industry
			8.7.1.2 Pulp and paper industry
			8.7.2.3 Animal feed industry
			8.7.2.4 Food industry
			8.7.2.5 Biofuels
		Bibliography
	8.8. Xylanases
		8.8.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.8.2 Application of xylanases
			8.8.2.1 Pulp and paper industry
			8.8.2.2 Food industry
			8.8.2.3 Feed industry
			8.8.2.4 Detergents
			8.8.2.5 Textiles
			8.8.2.6 Pharmaceuticals and chemicals
			8.8.2.7 Biofuel industry
			8.8.2.8 Other applications
		Bibliography
	8.9. Pectin-degrading enzymes
		8.9.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.9.2 Applications of pectin-degrading enzymes
			8.9.2.1 Food industry
			8.9.2.2 Agriculture
			8.9.2.3 Wine industry
			8.9.2.4 Paper and pulp industry
			8.9.2.5 Waste water treatment
			8.9.2.6 Prebiotics/functional foods
		Bibliography
		Relevant websites
	8.10. Chitinases
		8.10.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.10.2 Applications of chitinases
			8.10.2.1 Waste management
			8.10.2.2 Biocontrol agents
			8.10.2.3 Pharmaceutical and medical uses
			8.10.2.4 Other applications
		Bibliography
	8.11. Proteases
		8.11.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.11.2 Applications of proteases
			8.11.2.1 Food and feed industry
			8.11.2.2 Waste management
			8.11.2.3 Leather industry
			8.11.2.4 Detergent industry
			8.11.2.5 Photographic industry
			8.11.2.6 Chemical industry
			8.11.2.7 Silk degumming
			8.11.2.8 Medical area
		Bibliography
	8.12. Glucose (xylose) isomerase
		8.12.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.12.2 Applications of glucose isomerase
			8.12.2.1 High fructose corn syrup
			8.12.2.2 Ethanol production
		Bibliography
	8.13. Lipase
		8.13.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.13.2 Applications of lipases
			8.13.2.1 Food industry
			8.13.2.2 Detergents
			8.13.2.3 Textile industry
			8.13.2.4 Flavor development
			8.13.2.5 Cocoa butter equivalent
			8.13.2.6 Dairy industry
			8.13.2.7 Baking industry
			8.13.2.8 Separation of racemic acid and alcohol
			8.13.2.9 Oleochemical industry
			8.13.2.10 Biodegradation of plastic
			8.13.2.11 Biodiesel production
			8.13.2.12 Pharmaceutical industry
			8.13.2.6.13 Other applications
		Bibliography
	8.14. Laccase
		8.14.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.14.2 Applications of laccases
			8.14.2.1 Forestry
			8.14.2.2 Textile industry
			8.14.2.3 Food industry
			8.14.2.4 Personal care and medical applications
			8.14.2.5 Bioremediation
			8.14.2.6 Organic synthesis
			8.14.2.7 Biofuel
			8.14.2.8 Nanobiotechnology
		Bibliography
	8.15. Phytase
		8.15.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.15.2 Applications of phytase enzymes
			8.15.2.1 Dietary supplement
			8.15.2.2 Food additive
			8.15.2.3 Application for promoting plant growth
			8.15.2.4 Therapeutic applications
			8.15.2.5 Other commercially available phytase enzyme products
		Bibliography
		Relevant websites
	8.16. Alcohal dehydrogenases
		8.16.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.16.2 Applications of alcohal dehydrogenases
			8.16.2.1 Ethanol production
			8.16.2.2 Chiral pharmaceutical intermediates
			8.16.2.3 Fine chemicals
			8.16.2.4 Other applications
		Bibliography
	8.17. Esterases
		8.17.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.17.2 Application of esterases
			8.17.2.1 Food and dairy, beverages, and perfume
			8.17.2.2 Degradation of synthetic materials
			8.17.2.3 Agriculture
			8.17.2.4 Chemical industries
		Bibliography
	8.18. DNA polymerase
		8.18.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.18.2 Applications
		Bibliography
	8.19. DNA ligases
		8.19.1 Microbial sources and properties
		8.19.2 Application
		Bibliography
		Relevant websites
9. Future perspectives
	References
	Relevant websites
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
V
W
X