Developing University Social Responsibility: A Business Ethics Approach to Information Disclosure in Japan

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Introduction
	1.1 Research Background and Proposed Research Questions
		1.1.1 Research Background
		1.1.2 Proposed Research Questions
	1.2 Review of the Literature
		1.2.1 Research on the Necessity of University Information Disclosure
		1.2.2 Related Theories of University Information Disclosure
		1.2.3 Studies on University Information Disclosure Practices
	1.3 Shortcomings of Existing Research
	1.4 The Present Approach: Strategic Disclosure Reflecting University Social Responsibility
	1.5 The Purpose and Significance of This Research
		1.5.1 The Purpose of This Research
		1.5.2 The Significance of This Research
2 University Social Responsibility: Research Design
	2.1 Theoretical Foundations of This Research
		2.1.1 Stakeholders Theory
		2.1.2 New Institutionalism Theory
		2.1.3 Transparency-Restricting Power Theory
		2.1.4 Information Sharing Theory
	2.2 Definition of Core Concepts
		2.2.1 Concept of University Social Responsibility
		2.2.2 Boundary of University Social Responsibility
	2.3 Research Methods
	2.4 Research Routes
3 Japanese University Information Disclosure Practices: A Macroscopic Perspective
	3.1 The State of Japanese Universities’ Information Disclosure
		3.1.1 The Development of Japanese Universities’ Information Disclosure Policies
		3.1.2 Institutional Background: The Amendments of Education Law
		3.1.3 Social Background of Japanese University Information Disclosure
		3.1.4 The Status Quo of Japanese University Information Disclosure
	3.2 Features of Japanese University Information Disclosure
		3.2.1 Background of University Information Disclosure in Japan
		3.2.2 Good Examples of Universities in Information Disclosure
		3.2.3 Motivations for University Information Disclosure in Japan
	3.3 The Existing Problems in Japan’s University Information Disclosure
		3.3.1 Degree of University Information Disclosure is not Unified
		3.3.2 Data Collection of Universities Information Disclosure is not Unified
		3.3.3 The Resulting Risks of University Information Disclosure
		3.3.4 The Information Disclosure System that Could Improve Education Quality is Incomplete
4 Information Disclosure at National and Private Universities: A Microscopic Perspective
	4.1 The Impact of Information Disclosure on Universities
		4.1.1 Positive Impact of Information Disclosure on Universities
		4.1.2 Negative Impact of Information Disclosure on Universities
	4.2 Analysis of Information Disclosure Channels
	4.3 Survey of Contents Most Required for Information Disclosure
	4.4 Survey and Analysis of Satisfaction with Information Disclosure
		4.4.1 Basic Information
		4.4.2 Admission and Entrance Examination, Degree and Subject Information
		4.4.3 Finance, Assets and Charging Information
		4.4.4 Personnel and Teaching Resource Information
		4.4.5 Teaching Quality and Management Information
		4.4.6 Foreign Exchange and Cooperation Information
		4.4.7 Other Information
	4.5 Subtracting and System Structuring of Student Satisfaction Indicator for Information Disclosure of National and Private Universities
		4.5.1 Subtract of First Class Indicators of Students’ Satisfaction with Information Disclosure at National and Private Universities
		4.5.2 Subtract of Second Class Indicators of Students’ Satisfaction with Information Disclosure at Private and National Universities
		4.5.3 Simulation and Construction of Information Disclosure Evaluation System for National and Private University Students Based on the Survey Results
	4.6 Principal Factor Analysis of Information Disclosure
		4.6.1 Principal Factors of Information Disclosure for National Universities
		4.6.2 Principal Factors of Information Disclosure for Private Universities
	4.7 Investigation on Views About University Information Disclosure Based on Scholar Interviews
		4.7.1 Reasons Preventing Information Disclosure
		4.7.2 Reasons Promoting Information Disclosure
		4.7.3 Discussion About Enhancing the Inspection and Neediness of University Information Disclosure
	4.8 Conclusion
		4.8.1 Motivation of Information Disclosure for National and Private Universities Are Separately School Reform and Attraction of Students
		4.8.2 The Negative Factors for Information Disclosure Are Both Risks
		4.8.3 National Universities Need Accountability Mechanisms Most While Private Universities Need to Broaden Their Information Disclosure Channels
		4.8.4 Apparent Differences Exist in Student Satisfaction Indicators Between National and Private Universities
		4.8.5 National Universities Pay Most Attention to Student-Related Information Disclosure While Private Universities Pay Most Attention to Management Information Disclosure
5 A Study of Japanese University Information Disclosure from a Risk and Opportunity Perspective: Towards a “Visualization” Framework
	5.1 Background of Information Disclosure in Japanese Universities
	5.2 The Japanese Government’s Promotion of Information Disclosure
		5.2.1 Governmental Deliberations Over Information Disclosure
		5.2.2 The Discussion of Problems with Educational Information Disclosure
		5.2.3 The Basic Idea Behind MEXT’s Initiatives
		5.2.4 Amending the School Education Law Implementation Rules
	5.3 The Status of Japanese University Information Disclosure
		5.3.1 Disclosure of Basic Educational and Financial and Operating Information
		5.3.2 Information Disclosure Trends
	5.4 University: A Case Study of Information Disclosure
		5.4.1 Information Disclosure as an Essential Facet of Educational Reform
		5.4.2 Information Transparency as the Responsibility of Every University
		5.4.3 Coordinating with Public Relations to Facilitate More Direct Disclosure
		5.4.4 An Increasing Focus on Teaching Content and Evaluation
	5.5 More Effective Approach to Disclosure
		5.5.1 What Are the Risks and Opportunities of Information Disclosure?
		5.5.2 Basic Steps to Avoid Risk and Seize Opportunities
		5.5.3 Strategic Disclosure Priorities to Secure a Competitive Advantage
		5.5.4 Improving the Disclosure Process
	5.6 Conclusion: An Existential Crisis as an Incentive for Further Disclosure
6 Designing a University Information Disclosure Framework Based on University Social Responsibility
	6.1 The Aim of Information Disclosure: Social Responsibility Towards Stakeholders
	6.2 Construction of University Information Disclosure Framework Based on Social Responsibility
	6.3 Social Responsibility-Based Management of University Information Disclosure
		6.3.1 Promoting Education Reformation Based on the Idea of University Social Responsibility
		6.3.2 Content Recognition of Information Disclosure Based on Stakeholder Theory
		6.3.3 Emphasis on University Information Disclosure Projects from Various Perspectives
		6.3.4 Strategic Points for Realizing Social Responsibility
		6.3.5 Major Topics for Information Disclosure
		6.3.6 Process of Systematic Information Disclosure
		6.3.7 New Trends in Information Disclosure
7 Conclusions and Prospects
	7.1 Research Conclusions
		7.1.1 Comprehensive Strategic Disclosure
		7.1.2 General Conclusions
		7.1.3 Conclusions Based on Student Questionnaire
	7.2 Major Contributions of This Research
		7.2.1 A Systematic Review of Disclosure Information
		7.2.2 Micro, Macro and Organizational Structure Analysis
		7.2.3 A Framework for Enhanced Disclosure Based on Social Responsibility
		7.2.4 Contribution for the COVID-19 Situation on University Social Responsibility
	7.3 Directions for Future Research
		7.3.1 The Need for Practical Systems of Disclosure
		7.3.2 The Need for Institutional Designs Based on Social Responsibility
		7.3.3 Building a System of Indicators
		7.3.4 Direction for the Post COVID-19 Era Research on University Social Responsibility
	7.4 A Vision of Transparency Separate and Apart from Disclosure Regulations
Appendix A: Questionnaire for University Information Disclosure
Appendix B: Interview Outline of the Construction of University Information Disclosure System
References
Index