Deus Est Caritas: The Voice of Gabriele Biondo on Personal Justification and Church Reform (International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, 245)

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction: Religious Crisis and the Debate Between Divine Love and Justice
	1.1 The Status Quaestionis
	1.2 The Connection of Love and Reform: God’s Love Is Revealed in Suffering
		1.2.1 The Search for a Personal Experience
		1.2.2 Fides Caritate Formata
	1.3 The Possibility of Failure and Human Ineptitude
		1.3.1 Too Much Suffering and Human Inadequacy
		1.3.2 The Centrality of Love
		1.3.3 The Presciti
	1.4 The Ecclesiastical Dimension
	1.5 The Purpose and Structure of the Study
	References
Chapter 2: The Life and the Works of Gabriele Biondo
	2.1 The Life of Gabriele Biondo
		2.1.1 Youth in Rome
		2.1.2 Modigliana: An Unusual Crossroads
		2.1.3 Bolognese Corpus Domini
		2.1.4 Florentine Friends
		2.1.5 Conflicts: Preachers, Savonarolians, and Venetian Authorities
		2.1.6 Final Notes
	2.2 The Works of Gabriele Biondo
		2.2.1 The Codices
			2.2.1.1 Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, MS Magliabechiano XXXV 214 (Hereafter, Mag.)
			2.2.1.2 Forlì, Biblioteca Comunale, MS III 84 (Hereafter, For.)
			2.2.1.3 London, British Library, MS Additional 14088 (Hereafter, Add.)
			2.2.1.4 Seville, Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina, MS 7–1–9 (Hereafter, Sev.)
			2.2.1.5 Frascati, Monastero di Monte Corona, MS Liber in Folio II (Hereafter, Fra.)
		2.2.2 The Genres
			2.2.2.1 Correspondence
			2.2.2.2 Exegesis
			2.2.2.3 Treatises
				De meditatione et deceptionibus
				Commentarius or Ricordo
				De amore proprio
			2.2.2.4 Poetry
				Third Mystical Hymn
				Al foco
			2.2.2.5 Fragments and Works-in-Progress
			2.2.2.6 Translations
			2.2.2.7 Dubii dechiarati per messer Gabriele Biondo a sor Alixandra
			2.2.2.8 Lost Works
	References
Chapter 3: Philology, Auctoritates, and Sources
	3.1 Manuscripts: Limitations and Methodology
	3.2 Augustine and Dionysius the Areopagite
		3.2.1 Augustine: Economy of Salvation
		3.2.2 Dionysius the Areopagite: Self-Communication, Apophasis, and Hierarchy
	3.3 The Spiritual Franciscans
		3.3.1 A Specific Olivi
		3.3.2 Angelo Clareno and Ubertino of Casale: The Importance of Suffering
		3.3.3 John of Parma, Ugo Panziera, and Jacopone da Todi
	3.4 Church Doctors and Averroists
	3.5 Biondo’s Ambivalent Position Towards Humanism
		3.5.1 Potentia Volitiva
		3.5.2 Potentia Intellectiva
	References
Chapter 4: Falling Out of Love with God: A Spiral Descent into Self-Annihilation
	4.1 Ontological Consumption
		4.1.1 Lucifer: A Case Study
		4.1.2 The Abyss
	4.2 Lucifer: The Exemplary Thief
	4.3 The ‘Luciferian Squad’
		4.3.1 The Rationalists
		4.3.2 The False Devotees: The Question of Prayer
		4.3.3 Spiritual Averroism
	4.4 Self-Love: Its Ascent to Quietude and Descent into Desperation
		4.4.1 The Abdication of Divine Beauty and the Enthronement of the Self
		4.4.2 A Prison of Blind Anxiety
		4.4.3 The Circle of Solitude
	References
Chapter 5: The Grace of God: The Path of Divine Justification and Personal Redemption Through Obedience and Spogliamento
	5.1 Christ as Form (forma) and Norm (norma)
		5.1.1 An Example of Poetic Theology
		5.1.2 The Limits of Industriousness and the Primacy of God’s Agency
	5.2 Grace and the Graces
		5.2.1 What Is Grace? Grace as ‘It’
		5.2.2 An Etymological Assessment
		5.2.3 Who Is Grace? Grace as ‘Thou’
	5.3 In vacuum tendit plenitudo gratiae: Grace’s Realisation Through Spogliamento and Penance
		5.3.1 Mancare è la sua forma: A Crucified Life
		5.3.2 Spogliamento
			5.3.2.1 Tagliare
			5.3.2.2 Recisio
			5.3.2.3 Spuntamento and Expolliatione
	5.4 Intrinsecarsi con el suo Dio: The Intelligible and Bridal Union with God
	References
Chapter 6: Extra ecclesiam nulla salus: Salvation Within the Ecclesiastical Sphere
	6.1 Religious Orders and renovatio ecclesiae
		6.1.1 Inspiration
		6.1.2 The Religious Orders and the Issue of Vocation
		6.1.3 The Appeal to Flight: Between pro nobis and pro se
			6.1.3.1 Fuga
			6.1.3.2 Volo
	6.2 The Principles of Biondo’s Spiritual Direction
		6.2.1 Friendship
		6.2.2 The Universal Tree
		6.2.3 Awe and Mystery
		6.2.4 Reciprocity
	6.3 The Adoption: Already and Not Yet
	6.4 God’s Election
		6.4.1 Universal Kerygma and the ‘Gracious Exception’
			6.4.1.1 Two Exegetical Pieces
			6.4.1.2 The Biblical Remnant
		6.4.2 Predestination: An Excursus
		6.4.3 Biondo’s Attempt to Preserve the Balance Between Mercy and Justice
		6.4.4 The Rejection of the Common Graces
			6.4.4.1 Impassibilitas and the Middle Way
			6.4.4.2 Dynamic Grace
			6.4.4.3 The Frigidity of Rational Love
	6.5 Three Consequences
		6.5.1 The Leviathan Deceived
		6.5.2 Jesus’s Deception
		6.5.3 The Wall
	References
Chapter 7: Conclusions
	7.1 The Historical Crisis: The Excess of Evil
	7.2 Biondo’s Response: A Summary
	7.3 Why Is Biondo’s Answer Important?
	7.4 What was Biondo’s Legacy?
	References
Appendix
	1. Transitus beate Barberine per D. Gabr. Bl. (Sev., fols 98v–100v)
	2. Epitaphs for the Secular Women Barbarina, Magdalena, Lucretia, and Margarita (Sev., fols 81v and 101v)
	3. Epistola excusatoria (Add., fols 25r–28v)
	4. Letter of the Copyist (Sev., fols 135r–136v)
	5. Ratio triplicem actum facit (Mag., fols 19r–22v)
	6. Bonitas divine nature (Mag., fols 23v–24v)
	7. Pars superior et inferior hominis (Mag., fol. 25rv)
	8. De potentia volitiva hominis quotuplex sit (Mag., fols 26r–27v)
	9. De libertate arbitrii (Mag., fols 28r–33r)
	10. De gaudiis beatorum (Mag., fols 33v–36v)
	11. Quid est habitus in anima? (Mag., fols 37r–48r)
	12. Super illud: Veh mihi quia tacui quia vir pollutis labiis ego sum (Mag., fols 48v–50r)
	13. Ad intelligendum quomodo gratia operetur (Mag., fols 54v–58r)
	14. Quoniam necesse est rerum diffinitiones (Mag., fols 58v–63r)
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Name and Place Index
Subject Index
Index of Scriptures