Design of Structural Elements: Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry and Timber Designs to Eurocodes

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface to the fourth edition
Preface to the third edition
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Philosophy of design
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Design inputs
	1.3 Design process
	1.4 Layout of Eurocodes
		1.4.1 Principles and Application Rules
		1.4.2 Nationally determined parameters and National Annexes
		1.4.3 Annexes
		1.4.4 Non-contradictory complementary information (NCCI)
		1.4.5 Decimal point
	1.5 Basis of design
		1.5.1 Permissible stress design
		1.5.2 Load factor design
		1.5.3 Limit state design
			1.5.3.1 Ultimate and serviceability limit states
			1.5.3.2 Characteristic and design values
	1.6 Summary
Chapter 2 Basic technical and structural concepts
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Types of loading
		2.2.1 Permanent loads
		2.2.2 Variable actions
			2.2.2.1 Imposed loads
			2.2.2.2 Wind loads
		2.2.3 Load combinations and design loads
	2.3 Design loads acting on elements
	2.4 Structural analysis
		2.4.1 Equilibrium equations
		2.4.2 Formulae
	2.5 Beam design
		2.5.1 Elastic criteria
		2.5.2 Plastic criteria
	2.6 Column design
	2.7 Summary
Chapter 3 Design in reinforced concrete to EN 1992
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Objectives and scope
	3.3 Symbols
	3.4 Basis of design
	3.5 Material properties
		3.5.1 Characteristic compressive strength of concrete
		3.5.2 Characteristic strength of reinforcement
		3.5.3 Design strength
	3.6 Loading
		3.6.1 Characteristic load
		3.6.2 Design load
	3.7 Stress–strain curves
		3.7.1 Stress–strain curve for concrete
		3.7.2 Stress–strain curve for steel reinforcement
	3.8 Cover to bar reinforcement
		3.8.1 Bond
		3.8.2 Durability
		3.8.3 Fire protection
	3.9 Beams
		3.9.1 Singly reinforced beam design
			3.9.1.1 Bending
			3.9.1.2 Shear
			3.9.1.3 Deflection
			3.9.1.4 Beam sizing
			3.9.1.5 Reinforcement details
		3.9.2 Doubly reinforced beam design
			3.9.2.1 Compression and tensile steel areas
		3.9.3 Continuous, L and T beams
			3.9.3.1 Analysis of continuous beams
		3.9.4 Summary for beam design
	3.10 Slabs
		3.10.1 Types of slabs
		3.10.2 Design of one-way spanning solid slab
			3.10.2.1 Depth of slab
			3.10.2.2 Steel areas
			3.10.2.3 Shear
			3.10.2.4 Reinforcement details
		3.10.3 Continuous one-way spanning solid slab design
		3.10.4 Two-way spanning restrained solid slab design
	3.11 Foundations
		3.11.1 Foundation types
		3.11.2 Foundation design
			3.11.2.1 Pad footing
	3.12 Retaining walls
		3.12.1 Types of retaining walls
			3.12.1.1 Gravity walls
			3.12.1.2 Flexible walls
		3.12.2 Design of cantilever walls
			3.12.2.1 Soil pressures
			3.12.2.2 Stability
			3.12.2.3 Reinforcement areas
	3.13 Design of braced columns
		3.13.1 Braced and unbraced columns
		3.13.2 Column failure modes
		3.13.3 Slenderness ratio
		3.13.4 Threshold slenderness ratio, λlim
		3.13.5 Design of braced columns
			3.13.5.1 Design of columns when λ < λlim
			3.13.5.2 Design of columns when λ > λlim
		3.13.6 Biaxial bending
			3.13.6.1 Manual for the design of concrete structures to Eurocode 2, IStructE, 2006
		3.13.7 Reinforcement details for columns
			3.13.7.1 Longitudinal reinforcement
			3.13.7.2 Links
	3.14 Summary
Chapter 4 Design in structural steelwork to EN 1993 and EN 1994
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Iron and steel
		4.2.1 Manufacture
		4.2.2 Material behaviour
	4.3 Structural steel and steel sections
	4.4 Symbols
	4.5 General principles and design methods
	4.6 Loading
	4.7 Design strengths
	4.8 Design of steel beams and joists
		4.8.1 Modes of failure
			4.8.1.1 Bending
			4.8.1.2 Local buckling
			4.8.1.3 Shear
			4.8.1.4 Shear buckling
			4.8.1.5 Web bearing and buckling
			4.8.1.6 Lateral torsional buckling
			4.8.1.7 Deflection
		4.8.2 Summary of design process
		4.8.3 Initial section selection
		4.8.4 Classification of section
			4.8.4.1 Strength classification
			4.8.4.2 Section classification
		4.8.5 Shear
		4.8.6 Resistance of cross sections to bending
		4.8.7 Bending and shear
		4.8.8 Deflection
		4.8.9 Web design
		4.8.10 Stiffener design
		4.8.11 Lateral torsional buckling
			4.8.11.1 Effective length
			4.8.11.2 Lateral torsional buckling resistance
			4.8.11.3 Elastic critical moment, Mcr
			4.8.11.4 Simplified expression for λLT
			4.8.11.5 Alternative method for rolled sections
			4.8.11.6 Cantilever beams
			4.8.11.7 Summary of design procedures
	4.9 Design of compression members
		4.9.1 Struts
		4.9.2 Effective length/buckling length
		4.9.3 Columns with bending moments
			4.9.3.1 Resistance of cross sections – bending and axial force
			4.9.3.2 Buckling resistance check – combined bending and axial compression
		4.9.4 Column design in ‘simple’ structures
		4.9.5 Summary of design procedures for compression members
		4.9.6 Design of cased columns
			4.9.6.1 Axially loaded columns
			4.9.6.2 Cased columns subjected to combined compression and bending
		4.9.7 Design of column baseplates
	4.10 Floor systems for steel-framed structures
		4.10.1 Composite slabs
		4.10.2 Composite beams
			4.10.2.1 Effective breadth of concrete slab, beff
			4.10.2.2 Moment capacity
			4.10.2.3 Shear capacity
			4.10.2.4 Shear connectors
			4.10.2.5 Longitudinal shear capacity
			4.10.2.6 Deflection
	4.11 Design of connections
		4.11.1 Bolted connections
		4.11.2 Fastener spacing and edge/end distances
		4.11.3 Strength checks
			4.11.3.1 Ordinary bolts
			4.11.3.2 Preloaded assemblies
		4.11.4 Design of bolted connections
			4.11.4.1 Splice connections
			4.11.4.2 Bolted beam-to-column connection using an end plate
			4.11.4.3 Bolted beam-to-column connection using web cleats
		4.11.5 Welded connections
			4.11.5.1 Strength of welds
			4.11.5.2 Design details
	4.12 Summary
Chapter 5 Design in unreinforced masonry to EN 1996
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Materials
		5.2.1 Bricks
		5.2.2 Blocks
		5.2.3 Mortars
	5.3 Masonry design
	5.4 Symbols
	5.5 Design of vertically loaded masonry walls
		5.5.1 Ultimate design loads
			5.5.1.1 Characteristic actions
			5.5.1.2 Partial safety factors for loads
		5.5.2 Design compressive strength of masonry
			5.5.2.1 Characteristic compressive strength of masonry
			5.5.2.2 Partial factor for materials
		5.5.3 Capacity reduction factor
			5.5.3.1 Capacity reduction factor at the top and bottom of walls
			5.5.3.2 Capacity reduction factor in middle of wall, Φm
		5.5.4 Area reduction factor
		5.5.5 Design vertical load resistance of masonry walls
	5.6 Design of laterally loaded wall panels
		5.6.1 Characteristic flexural strength of masonry
		5.6.2 Orthogonal ratio
		5.6.3 Support conditions
		5.6.4 Limiting dimensions
		5.6.5 Basis of design
	5.7 Summary
Chapter 6 Design in timber to EN 1995
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Stress grading
	6.3 Strength classes
	6.4 Grade stresses and characteristic strengths
	6.5 Design principles
		6.5.1 Basis of design
		6.5.2 Actions
	6.6 Timber design
	6.7 Symbols
	6.8 Flexural members
		6.8.1 Effective span
		6.8.2 Bending
		6.8.3 Deflection
		6.8.4 Vibration
		6.8.5 Lateral buckling of beams
		6.8.6 Shear
		6.8.7 Compression perpendicular to the grain
	6.9 Compression members
		6.9.1 Relative slenderness ratio
		6.9.2 Columns subject to axial compression
			6.9.2.1 Columns subject to axial load and bending
	6.10 Design of stud walls
	6.11 Summary
Appendix A: Permissible stress and load factor design
Appendix B: Dimensions and properties of steel universal beams and columns
Appendix C: Equations 6.10, 6.10a and 6.10b in EN 1990
Appendix D: Second moment of area of a composite beam
Appendix E: References
Index