Design for Tomorrow―Volume 1: Proceedings of ICoRD 2021 (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 221)

About the Conference
Sponsors
Endorsers
Conference Organisation
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Part I Human Factors in Design (Physical and Cognitive Ergonomics; Design for Emotions, etc.)
1 The Role of Letter Anatomy in Type Design: An Eye-Tracking Study of Bengali Letters
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 The Bengali Script
		1.1.2 Typeface Anatomy and Identity
		1.1.3 Letter Anatomy and Identification
		1.1.4 Objective of the Study
	1.2 Letter Information in and for Reading
		1.2.1 Eye Movement in Reading
		1.2.2 The Writing System
		1.2.3 The Control of Eye Movement
		1.2.4 Reading on Screen
	1.3 Experiment Design
		1.3.1 Preparation of Test Materials
		1.3.2 Apparatus
		1.3.3 Letters as Sample
		1.3.4 Experimental Setup
		1.3.5 Methodology
		1.3.6 Result
		1.3.7 Discussion
	1.4 Conclusion
	References
2 Factors to Look into for Designing Interiors of Long-Distance Pilgrimage Buses in India: A Survey-Based Study
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Methodology
	2.3 Results and Discussion
	2.4 Conclusion
	References
3 Effect of Tool Handle Design Parameters on Upper Extremity Muscle Performance in Periodontology
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Methods
	3.3 Results
		3.3.1 Effect of Shape and Diameter Factors on Tool Handle Design
		3.3.2 Effect of Shape in Different Tool Handle Diameter Groups
	3.4 Discussion
	3.5 Limitations
	3.6 Conclusions
	References
4 An Experimental Investigation on Postural Risks in Floor Mopping
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Methodology
		4.2.1 Participant Selection
		4.2.2 Experimental Task
		4.2.3 Motion Capture
	4.3 Results and Discussion
		4.3.1 Demographics
		4.3.2 Postural Assessment
		4.3.3 Variation of Joint Angle
		4.3.4 RULA Analysis
	4.4 Conclusion
	References
5 Development of Novel Biodynamic Model of the Seated Occupants
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Human Modeling
		5.2.1 Evaluation of Model
	5.3 Identification of Human Segmental Properties
	5.4 Comparison with the Existing Model
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6 Urge for Human-Centered Design Intervention for Harvesting Aquatic Food Crops
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Review Process
	6.3 Finding from the Literature
		6.3.1 Medicinal and Nutritional Value of the Aquatic Food Crop
		6.3.2 Challenges of Aquatic Food Crop
		6.3.3 Existing Scenarios of Available Tools and Techniques for Harvesting
	6.4 Research Gap and Future Scope
	6.5 Conclusion
	References
7 Research Design for Simplifying Anthropometric Data Collection Process Using PCA
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Methodology
		7.2.1 Anthropometric Measurement Techniques
		7.2.2 Statistical Analysis
	7.3 Result and Discussion
		7.3.1 PCA Analysis
		7.3.2 Regression Analysis and Correlation Coefficient
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8 An Attempt to Understand Social Relationships Using Facial Expression Electromyography Analysis
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Motivations
		8.1.2 Related Studies
		8.1.3 Purpose of This Study
	8.2 Methodology
		8.2.1 Experiment
		8.2.2 Evaluation of Intersubjectivity
		8.2.3 Facial Expression Electromyography Analysis (fEMG)
		8.2.4 Comparing the Two Waves
	8.3 Results
		8.3.1 Justification of the Levenshtein Distance Methodology
		8.3.2 Probability of Levenshtein Distance Methodology Studied by Comparing Random Functions
		8.3.3 Selection of the Representative Play
		8.3.4 Results for the C-Muscle
		8.3.5 Comparison to the Z-Muscle Results
	8.4 Discussions
		8.4.1 Proposition of a Methodology to Simplify the Comparison of Electroencephalography Data
		8.4.2 Chameleon Effect and Situational Limitations
		8.4.3 Findings
		8.4.4 Limitations and Future Research
	8.5 Conclusion
	References
9 Design Using Storytelling and Play to Give Psychological Support to Children and Caregivers Battling Cancer and Other Chronic Illness
	9.1 Background
	9.2 Project Mission
		9.2.1 Problem Identification
		9.2.2 Existing Solutions
		9.2.3 Design Approach
	9.3 Design Procedure
	9.4 Working of Design
	9.5 Discussion
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
10 Mental Imagery for Multisensory Designers: Insights for Non-visual Design Cognition
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Research Strategy
		10.2.1 Managing the Literature Review
	10.3 Design in the Eye of the Beholder
		10.3.1 Design with and Without Senses
		10.3.2 Decoding Mental Imagery
	10.4 Conclusion
	References
11 The Influence of Personal Traits on Indian Millennial’s Adoption of 3D Printed Fashion Products
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Personal Traits and Domain-Specific Innovativeness
	11.3 Methodology
		11.3.1 Approach
		11.3.2 Sample and Data Collection
		11.3.3 Research Instrument
		11.3.4 Data Analysis
	11.4 Results
	11.5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
12 Inclusive Design—Designing Barrier-Free Public Spaces
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Designing for All
		12.2.1 Principles of Inclusive Design
		12.2.2 Guidelines for Barrier-Free Built Environments by Government Bodies
	12.3 Bookstore and Inclusive Design
	12.4 Method
		12.4.1 Defining the Target Audience
		12.4.2 User Study
		12.4.3 Survey
		12.4.4 Task Analysis
		12.4.5 Case Studies
	12.5 Execution
		12.5.1 Space Planning
		12.5.2 Design Solutions
		12.5.3 Selection of Materials and Finishes
	12.6 Conclusion
	References
13 Memes that Evoke Emotions: A Neurodesign Strategy for Brand Communication and Experience
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Memes and Types
	13.3 Direct and Anonymous Communications
	13.4 Neurodesign, Affective Responses and Memes
	13.5 Study 1: Observational Study on Existing Memes
		13.5.1 Method
		13.5.2 Observations
	13.6 Study 2: Application of Meme for Brand Communication
		13.6.1 Method
		13.6.2 Result and Discussion
	13.7 Conclusion
	References
14 Design of a Low Cost Adjustable Seating System for Comfort of Weaver in ‘de Sign Loom: A Semi-Automatic Handloom’
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Literature Review
	14.3 Aim and Objective
	14.4 Methodology
		14.4.1 Concept Design
		14.4.2 Beta Model
	14.5 Result and discussion
	14.6 Conclusion
	References
15 Redesigning Walker for Elderly
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Research Methodology
	15.3 Research Findings
	15.4 Development of Concept Sketches
	15.5 Prototyping
	15.6 User Testing
	15.7 Conclusion
	References
16 It is not a Driverless Car!—A Framework for Interacting with the AI in Autonomous Vehicles
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Review of Autonomy in Vehicles Today
	16.3 Human Expectations and AV Interaction
	16.4 Theories of Human Interaction
		16.4.1 Speech Act Theory
		16.4.2 Communicative Action Theory
		16.4.3 Theoretical Model of Social Interaction
		16.4.4 Summary: Human-to-AI in the AV Interaction
	16.5 Assumptions and Elements of the Framework
		16.5.1 Being Present with the Traveler
		16.5.2 Building a Model of Social Interaction
	16.6 Framework for Interacting with the AI in AVs
	16.7 Conclusion
	References
17 MONEY TALKS: “Back to the Future”—Challenges in Banknote Design
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Literature Review
	17.3 Methodology
	17.4 Observations and Analysis
	17.5 Findings and Future Research
	References
18 A Field Investigation of the Average Indoor Thermal Comfort Parameters on the Railway Pantry Car Kitchen at the Different Cooking Period
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Method
		18.2.1 Sample, Location, and Period
		18.2.2 Objective Measurement
		18.2.3 Data Analysis
	18.3 Result and Discussion
		18.3.1 Indoor Environment During the Different Cooking Period
	18.4 Conclusion
	References
19 Visual Framework of Color Analysis of Shop Signs in India
	19.1 Introduction
		19.1.1 Research Question(s) and Research Plan
		19.1.2 Morphology of a Typical Shop Sign in India
		19.1.3 Role and Significance: Color as a Sign
		19.1.4 Color Dimensions and Characteristics
	19.2 Formulation of a Research Methodology
		19.2.1 Methodological Bricolage: Meaning
		19.2.2 Methodological Bricolage: Selection of the Approach
		19.2.3 Methodological Bricolage: Meaning and Salient Features
		19.2.4 Salient Features of Bricolage in the Final Analysis of Color
		19.2.5 Bricolage as a Research Approach
		19.2.6 Identifying and Defining Individual Parts of the Visual Framework
	19.3 Visual Framework of Color Analysis of Shop Signs
		19.3.1 Theoretical Basis of Application of the Bricolage Methodology
		19.3.2 Formulation of the Visual Framework of Color Analysis of Shop Signs
	19.4 Insights and Discussions of the Framework
	19.5 Conclusions
		19.5.1 Visual Framework of Color Analysis of Shop Signs in India
		19.5.2 Relevance of the Framework for Visual Sign Design Community
	References
20 Physical Space Acting as a Catalyst for Improving Mental Health Especially for Teenage Students
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Perspective to Space
	20.3 Physical Space Environment Transformation
		20.3.1 Cities Coping Up to Adjust New Population
		20.3.2 Single Person Living
	20.4 How the Physical Space Environment Changes the Human Behaviour Pattern?
		20.4.1 Teenage Students as the Focus Group
	20.5 Kota Case Study
	20.6 Design Intervention
	20.7 Future Scope
	20.8 Conclusion
	References
21 Exploring the OSH Scenario in Floating Solar PV Projects in India and Opportunities for Ergonomics Design Interventions
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Background and Need for the Study
	21.3 Research Questions, Aims, and Objectives
	21.4 Methodology
		21.4.1 Literature Review
	21.5 Case Studies
	21.6 Results
		21.6.1 Other Inputs from Project Managers and General Observations
	21.7 Discussion and Conclusion
	21.8 Limitations of the Study
	References
22 Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Postures Adopted by Handcrafted Kalash Polishers, Northeast India
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Materials and Methods
		22.2.1 Study Design, Sample, and Procedure
		22.2.2 Questionnaire Study
		22.2.3 Posture Analysis
	22.3 Results and Discussion
	22.4 Conclusion
	References
23 Calligraphic Typesetting Exploration of Religious Scriptures to Resurrect the Emotional and Spiritual Connection Originally Existed in the Traditional Penmanship
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Background Study
	23.3 Literature Review
		23.3.1 Significance of Religious Scriptures
		23.3.2 Penmanship and Significance of Uttarkand of Ramayana
		23.3.3 Penmanship and Significance of Mahāmrityunjaya Mantra
	23.4 Methodology
		23.4.1 Exploration and the Literature Review of Religious Scriptures and Its Styles
		23.4.2 Need Identification
		23.4.3 Field Study
		23.4.4 Sample Collection of the Scriptures
		23.4.5 Design Experiment
		23.4.6 Comparison of Output
		23.4.7 Result of User Survey—Graphical Analysis
		23.4.8 Findings from User Survey—Emotional Relatability Analysis
	23.5 Discussions
	23.6 Conclusion
	References
24 Para, Adda and Residents of Kolkata: Need for Design of New Neighbourhoods Accommodating Cultural Legacies
	24.1 Introduction
		24.1.1 Locating Para and Adda as Cultural Legacies in the Urban Realm
	24.2 Methodology
	24.3 Transforming Neighbourhoods in Kolkata and Its Effects
		24.3.1 Transformation of the Built Environment
		24.3.2 Transformation of the Socio-cultural Dimension
	24.4 Need of New Design Approach for Neighbourhoods
		24.4.1 The Way Forward
	24.5 Conclusion
	References
25 A Comparative Study of Design Methodologies to Integrate Ergonomics Requirements into Design
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Research Methodology
	25.3 Literature Review of Six Design Methodologies
		25.3.1 TRIZ
		25.3.2 Quality Function Deployment
		25.3.3 Computer-Aided Design
		25.3.4 Axiomatic Design
		25.3.5 User-Centered Design
		25.3.6 Function Analysis
	25.4 Discussion
		25.4.1 Research Findings
		25.4.2 Research Gaps and Future Directions
	25.5 Conclusion
	References
26 The Relationship Between the Pose of Virtual Character and Virtual Character’s Personality
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Method
		26.2.1 The Big Five Model
		26.2.2 Stimuli
	26.3 Results
		26.3.1 Questionnaire Results
		26.3.2 ANOVA Analysis
	26.4 Discussion
	References
Part II Design of/for User Interfaces, User Experience and Human Computer Interaction
27 Eye Tracking to Understand Impact of Aging on Mobile Phone Applications
	27.1 Introduction
	27.2 Related Work
	27.3 Research Methodology
	27.4 Results
	27.5 Estimating Cognitive Workload
	27.6 Discussion
	27.7 Conclusion
	References
28 Analyzing Ocular Parameters for Web Browsing and Graph Visualization
	28.1 Introduction
		28.1.1 Analyzing Graph Visualization
		28.1.2 Analyzing Deceptive Materials in Web Pages
	28.2 Related Work
	28.3 User Study
		28.3.1 Study on 2D Graph Visualization
		28.3.2 Study on Deceptive Materials of Web Pages
	28.4 Applications
		28.4.1 Digital Twin Sensor Dashboard
	28.5 Eye Tracking Data Analysis Tool
	28.6 Discussion
	28.7 Conclusion
	References
29 Defining the Non-user: A Classification of Reasons for Non-use
	29.1 Introduction
	29.2 Literature Research Approach
	29.3 Overview of Current Literature
		29.3.1 Categories of Non-use: The Non-user Map
		29.3.2 Reasons for Non-use
		29.3.3 Conclusion of Literature Review and Discussion of Literature Gap
	29.4 Toward a Comprehensive Overview of Reasons for Non-use
		29.4.1 Categories of Reasons for Non-use
		29.4.2 Application of the Non-user: The Non-Persona
	29.5 Summary
	29.6 Outlook
	References
30 Usability Analysis of Warning Icons in Passenger Car Dashboards in India Using Modified System Usability Scale (SUS)
	30.1 Introduction
	30.2 Methodology
		30.2.1 Subjects
		30.2.2 Materials
		30.2.3 Selection of Warning Icons
		30.2.4 Guessability Score Evaluation
		30.2.5 SUS Score Evaluation
	30.3 Results
		30.3.1 Guessability Performance
		30.3.2 Guessability Score
		30.3.3 SUS Scores
		30.3.4 Relationship between Guessability and SUS Scores
		30.3.5 Statistical Analysis
	30.4 Discussion
	30.5 Conclusion
	References
31 What Does the HCI Design Industry Expect from an Entrant? Findings from Interviews with Indian UX Design Team Leads
	31.1 Introduction
	31.2 Related Work
		31.2.1 HCI Education in India
		31.2.2 HCI Industry in India
	31.3 Methodology
		31.3.1 Participants
		31.3.2 Study Protocol
		31.3.3 Data Analysis
	31.4 Findings
		31.4.1 Challenges in the HCI Design Industry
		31.4.2 Suggestions to Better Prepare the Entrants to the HCI Design Industry in India
	31.5 Discussion
	References
32 Development and Evaluation of Usability Heuristics for Voice User Interfaces
	32.1 Introduction
	32.2 Related Work
	32.3 Development of Voice Usability Heuristics
		32.3.1 Identifying Usability Themes from Literature Review
		32.3.2 Defining Voice Usability Heuristics
	32.4 Testing and Evaluation
		32.4.1 Participants
		32.4.2 Procedure
		32.4.3 Results
	32.5 Discussion
	32.6 Conclusion
	References
33 Liquid Interactions: A Conceptual Interaction Framework for the Future Now
	33.1 Evolving User Experiences
		33.1.1 Understanding Multimodal in the Omnichannel Setting
	33.2 Research—The Need for an Evolution of Interaction Design Frameworks
	33.3 Liquid Interactions
		33.3.1 Properties of the Liquid Interactions Framework
		33.3.2 Visualizing the Framework
	33.4 Future of Liquid Interactions
	References
34 Designing a Donation Portal to Help Underprivileged Indians
	34.1 Introduction
	34.2 Literature Review
		34.2.1 Usability of Dynamic Websites
		34.2.2 Aesthetics and Emotional Aspects of Websites
		34.2.3 Psychosocial Development Status of Orphanages
		34.2.4 Importance of User-Centered Design (UCD)
		34.2.5 About Existing Donation Portals and New Work
	34.3 Methodology
		34.3.1 User Need Analysis
		34.3.2 Designing Interface
		34.3.3 Evaluation of Interface of Donation Portal
	34.4 Result and Discussion
		34.4.1 Interview
		34.4.2 User Survey
		34.4.3 Design Evaluation
	34.5 Conclusion
	References
35 Evaluation and Redesign of SAP Portal for University Students
	35.1 Introduction
	35.2 Literature Review
		35.2.1 Factors Affecting ERP Implementation
		35.2.2 ERP Systems as Student Portals
	35.3 Methodology (Procedure)
		35.3.1 Research
		35.3.2 Modeling
		35.3.3 Usability Testing
	35.4 Results and Discussions
		35.4.1 Results of Competitive Analysis and User Interviews
		35.4.2 Features that Are Added to Solve the Problems
		35.4.3 New Design Was Observed Better in Usability Testing
	35.5 Conclusion
	References
36 LinkedIn Students: An Extension of LinkedIn Designed for College Students to Enhance Their Job-Hunting Experience
	36.1 Introduction
	36.2 Literature Review
		36.2.1 Social Versus Professional Networking Sites
		36.2.2 Corporate Analysis of LinkedIn
	36.3 Methodology
		36.3.1 User Studies
		36.3.2 Evaluation of LinkedIn Students
		36.3.3 Designing Interface
	36.4 Results and Discussions
		36.4.1 Findings from User Interviews
		36.4.2 Findings from Heuristics
		36.4.3 Findings from Usability Testing
	36.5 Conclusion
	References
37 Mobile User Experience (UX) Design Guidelines Considering the Need for Accessibility
	37.1 Introduction
		37.1.1 User Group: People with Cognitive Impairment
		37.1.2 Why is there a need for Mobile UX Design Guidelines?
		37.1.3 Establishing the Gap from Literature
	37.2 A Case Study
	37.3 Research Methodology
		37.3.1 Competitor Analysis
		37.3.2 Expert Interviews
		37.3.3 Data Analytics
	37.4 Design Challenges
	37.5 Design Process
	37.6 Design Guidelines
		37.6.1 Design Considerations for UX Designers
	37.7 Conclusion
	Appendix A. Expert Interview
	Appendix B. Usability Testing
	References
38 i-HAWA: An Interactive Device for Providing Cognitive Breaks in the Workspace
	38.1 Introduction
	38.2 Research Background
		38.2.1 Workspace and Environment
		38.2.2 Factors Affecting Performance at Work
	38.3 A Case Study for Designing i-HAWA: Interactive Device for Cognitive Break
		38.3.1 Design Methodology
		38.3.2 Subjects, Data Collection, and Analysis Method
		38.3.3 Research Findings
	38.4 Proposed Design of Interactive Device: i-HAWA
		38.4.1 Design Ideation and Conceptualization
		38.4.2 i-HAWA: Feature and Functionality
		38.4.3 i-HAWA: Product Design and Detailing
	38.5 Discussion
	References
39 Speculating Cybernetic Cities in a Posthuman Era: Design of Internet of Bodies (IoB)
	39.1 Future Cities: Concretized Data
	39.2 Future Cities: Connected Bodies
	39.3 Future Cities: The Methodology, the Workshop, and the Findings
		39.3.1 Study Outcome—Speculative Futures
	39.4 Conclusion
	39.5 Glossary
	References
40 How Ethical Are Persuasive Design Practices? A Proposal for Assessment of Ethics in HCI Design
	40.1 Introduction
		40.1.1 Cognitive Autonomy and Cognitive Biases
	40.2 Current Research in Ethics of Persuasive Design
		40.2.1 Research Gap and Research Goal
	40.3 Proposed Framework for Assessment of Ethics in HCI Design
		40.3.1 Persuasive Information Design for HCI Systems—HCI PID Model
		40.3.2 HCI PID Ethics Assessment Framework
		40.3.3 Empirical Test Using HCI PID Assessment Framework
	40.4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
41 Assessment of Knowledge, Behavior, and Practices of Maternal and Child Health of Rural Pregnant Women
	41.1 Introduction
		41.1.1 The Challenge
		41.1.2 Objectives
	41.2 Methodology
		41.2.1 Study Design
		41.2.2 Study Setting/Area
		41.2.3 Questionnaire Overview
	41.3 Results
		41.3.1 Participants Characteristics
		41.3.2 Experiment 1: Knowledge and Awareness of Safe Motherhood
		41.3.3 Experiment 2: The Significance of Community Health Workers (Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA))
		41.3.4 Experiment 3: Source of Information
		41.3.5 Experiment 4: Knowledge and Awareness of Child care and Barriers to Effectively Communicating with the Doctor
	41.4 Discussions
		41.4.1 Existing Issues
		41.4.2 Suggested Design Intervention Strategies
		41.4.3 Design Guidelines for Print Materials
	References
42 Enhancing User Experience of E-commerce Platforms—A Case Study of B2C Applications in the Indian Market
	42.1 Introduction
	42.2 Literature Review
	42.3 Aim
	42.4 Objective
	42.5 Methodology
		42.5.1 Comparative Analysis
		42.5.2 Heuristic Evaluation
		42.5.3 User Interviews
	42.6 Results
		42.6.1 Prescriptions
	42.7 Conclusion
	References
43 Affecting Technology Consumption—Role of Designers in Ushering Behaviour Change
	43.1 Introduction
	43.2 Related Works
	43.3 Aim and Objectives
	43.4 Methodology
		43.4.1 Semistructured Interviews
	43.5 Analysis
		43.5.1 User Behaviour Cycle
		43.5.2 It’s not You (Dear Phone), it’s Me!
		43.5.3 Approaches to Phone
		43.5.4 Internal Needs and External Hooks
		43.5.5 Users’ Model of Defence
	43.6 Discussion
		43.6.1 Action Over Awareness
		43.6.2 Finite Play
		43.6.3 Designing Consumer Fatigue
		43.6.4 Transfer of Burden of Control
		43.6.5 Social Prescribing
	43.7 Conclusion
	References
Part III Design Aesthetics, Semiotics, Semantics
44 Visual Features of Ethnic Handloom Products for Retention of the Unique Traditional Signatures Along with Detection of Authenticity
	44.1 Introduction
	44.2 Methodology
		44.2.1 Data Collection
		44.2.2 Data Analysis
	44.3 Observation
	44.4 Discussion
	References
45 Visual Alankars: Toward a Decolonized Visual Design Framework
	45.1 Introduction
	45.2 Aim and Objectives
	45.3 Conceptual Framework: Syntactics, Semantics, and Pragmatics
		45.3.1 Alankars
		45.3.2 Syntactic and Semantics
		45.3.3 Madhubani Art
		45.3.4 Pragmatics
	45.4 Methodological Framework: Explorations Through Transliteration
		45.4.1 Motif Library
		45.4.2 Transliteration Method
	45.5 Explorations
		45.5.1 Anupras Alankar
		45.5.2 Yamak Alankar
		45.5.3 ManvikaranAlankar
	45.6 Discussion
	45.7 Epilogue
	References
46 Typeface Design for Cultural Identity—An Exploration with Assamese Typeface Design and Its Future Scope
	46.1 Introduction
	46.2 Background
	46.3 Literature Review
		46.3.1 Historical Essence and Identity of Assamese Script
		46.3.2 Assamese Script in Digital Era
	46.4 Methodology
		46.4.1 Assamese Culture, Language, and Script Writing Styles
		46.4.2 Choosing a Script Style and Finding Unique Identity
		46.4.3 Finding Unique Identity
		46.4.4 Recreating Style for Digital Use
		46.4.5 User Survey of the Output—Garhgayan Assamese Typeface
		46.4.6 Result of User Survey—Graphical Analysis
		46.4.7 Findings from User Survey—Cultural Identity
	46.5 Conclusion
	References
47 Impact of Indian Culture-Oriented Color, Material, and Finish (CMF) Design on Contemporary Products
	47.1 Introduction
	47.2 Method
	47.3 Results
		47.3.1 Visual Audit—Water Pot
		47.3.2 Stage I—Visual Identity Mapping
		47.3.3 Stage II- Perception Mapping
	47.4 Discussion
	47.5 Conclusion
	References
48 A Visual Analysis of Motifs and Patterns of Ghanasyam House Sivasagar, Assam, India
	48.1 Introduction
	48.2 Method
		48.2.1 Data Gathering
	48.3 Results and Discussions
		48.3.1 About Ahoms and Hinduism
		48.3.2 Ghanshyam House
		48.3.3 Categorization of Motifs and Patterns
		48.3.4 Coding Data
		48.3.5 Data Sorting and Analysis
	48.4 Conclusion
	References
49 Brand Style DNA in Consumer Products: Decoding Strategies from a Design Perspective
	49.1 Introduction
	49.2 Methodology
	49.3 Facets of Brand Style DNA
		49.3.1 Parameters of Brand Style DNA Strategies
		49.3.2 Factors Affecting Brand Style DNA
		49.3.3 Evolution of Brand Style DNA Over Time
		49.3.4 Techniques for Deconstructing Brand Style DNA
		49.3.5 Analyzing Explicit Design Cues
	49.4 Discussion
	References
50 Product Semantics: The Emotional Design Language
	50.1 Introduction
	50.2 The Need of Human-Centred Framework
	50.3 Ecosystemic Approach for the Resonant Framework
	50.4 Unique Selling Factor
	50.5 Discussion
	50.6 Conclusion
	References
51 Design of a Railway Station: Creative Expression of Cultural Heritage Identity
	51.1 Introduction
		51.1.1 Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation Limited
		51.1.2 The Design Brief by the Government
	51.2 Cultural Context
		51.2.1 The Kamakhya Temple
		51.2.2 Guwahati City
		51.2.3 SWOT Analysis
		51.2.4 Kamakhya Railway Station
	51.3 The Survey
		51.3.1 Site Study Methodology
		51.3.2 Survey Results
	51.4 Analysis and Results
		51.4.1 Analysis
		51.4.2 Results
	51.5 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
52 Language and Colour
	52.1 Introduction
	52.2 Investigations
		52.2.1 Investigation-1
		52.2.2 Investigation-2
	52.3 Conclusion
	References
53 A Review: Representation of Women in Commercial Advertising and Impact in Indian Society
	53.1 Introduction
		53.1.1 Women in Indian Commercial Advertising
	53.2 Research Gap
	53.3 Aim and Objective
	53.4 Methodology
		53.4.1 Representation of Women in Indian Contemporary Advertising: Analysis and Interpretation
		53.4.2 A Viewpoint Towards Beauty Product and Its Impact: Analysis ‘Fair & Lovely’ Television Commercials
		53.4.3 Fair and Lovely’ Television Advertisements and Interpretation
	53.5 Result and Discussion
	53.6 Conclusion
	References
54 An Approach to Identify Indigenous Color Palette: A Case Study of Majuli
	54.1 Introduction
	54.2 Color Meaning and Semiotics
	54.3 Purpose
	54.4 Materials and Methods
		54.4.1 Literature Review
		54.4.2 Primary Research
		54.4.3 Data Extraction
	54.5 Findings
	54.6 Practical Implications
	54.7 Justification
	54.8 Originality/Value
	54.9 Research Limitations
	References
55 Competitive Branding of Sustainable Domestic Products: A Product Semantics Approach
	55.1 Introduction
	55.2 Research Methodology
		55.2.1 Product Categorisation and Expression
		55.2.2 Ideal Packaging Survey
		55.2.3 Visual Analysis of Existing Products
		55.2.4 Sampling
		55.2.5 Materials
	55.3 Responses and Results
	55.4 Design and User Surveying
	55.5 Discussion
	References
56 PowerPost: A Framework for Designing Visual Political Communication
	56.1 Introduction
	56.2 Making Design Accessible
	56.3 Framework for Analysing Visual Political Communication
		56.3.1 Cognitive Reception
		56.3.2 Context
		56.3.3 Syntactics, Semantics, and Pragmatics
	56.4 Incorporating the Framework in the Design Process
		56.4.1 PowerPost: An App for Designing Visual Political Communication
	56.5 Epilogue
	References
57 Principles of Complementarity in Designing Balanced Urban Space: Cases of Sociocultural Spaces of Kolkata
	57.1 Introduction
	57.2 Urban Spaces of Kolkata: Historical, Sociocultural Context
		57.2.1 Rabindra Sadan: The Prime Cultural Node
		57.2.2 City Center 1: An Interactive Space
	57.3 Methodology
	57.4 Physical and Normative Dimensions of Urban Spaces
	57.5 Analysis, Result, Discussion: Process of Balanced Regeneration
		57.5.1 Technological Elements of Design
		57.5.2 Art Elements of Design
		57.5.3 The Paradigm Shift from the Standpoint of ‘either-or’ to a Liveable ‘principle of complementarity’
	57.6 Conclusions
	References
58 Dots and Lines: Indian Folk and Tribal Art Inspired Activities for Kids
	58.1 Introduction: Art and Craft in Education in India
	58.2 Art and Craft Learning in the Schools
	58.3 Objectives
	58.4 Focus
		58.4.1 Folk and Tribal Art Form in India
		58.4.2 Design Focus: Gond Painting Concerning Central India
		58.4.3 Design Derivation
	58.5 Design Concept
	58.6 Design Methodology
		58.6.1 Ideation
		58.6.2 Developing Tools and Techniques
		58.6.3 Constructive Approach
		58.6.4 Reflection
		58.6.5 Testing
		58.6.6 Feedback and Improvement
		58.6.7 Final Design
	58.7 Discussion
	References
59 The Creative Prints of Somnath Hore: A Review
	59.1 Introduction
		59.1.1 Background
	59.2 Literature Review
		59.2.1 Creative Journey—Various Perspectives: Theme
		59.2.2 Aesthetics
		59.2.3 Techniques
	59.3 Analysis of the Prints
	59.4 Research Gap
	59.5 Aim
	59.6 Methodology
	59.7 Discussion
	59.8 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
60 Androgynous Fashion from the Concept to Consumers: An Empirical Study
	60.1 Introduction
	60.2 Framework for the Research
	60.3 Review of Literature
		60.3.1 Concept of Androgyny and Fashion
		60.3.2 Designers as Fashion Creators and Innovators
		60.3.3 LGBTQ Community and Their Interaction with Fashion
		60.3.4 Historical and Traditional References of Androgynous Fashion in India
	60.4 Methodology
		60.4.1 Approach
		60.4.2 Sample and Data Collection
		60.4.3 Research Instrument
		60.4.4 Data Analysis
	60.5 Results
	60.6 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
61 Spectacles of the Temporal City: An Analysis of the Effects of Festivals on Identity in an Urban Context
	61.1 Introduction
	61.2 Identity: Key Concepts and Complexities
	61.3 Emerging Notions of Identity and Place
	61.4 Festivals, Identity and Place Attachment
	61.5 Methodology
	61.6 An Ancient Festival in an Ancient City in the Age of Urban Complexities
	61.7 Analysis
		61.7.1 Festive Settings (Spatial Focus)
		61.7.2 Festive Actions (Behavioural Focus)
	61.8 Conclusion
	References
62 Implementation of Digital Techniques Process Through the Storyboard for Better Understanding in Visual Narratives
	62.1 Introduction
	62.2 Research Gap
	62.3 Aim and Objective
	62.4 Design Methods and Procedures
		62.4.1 Sampling
		62.4.2 Methodology
		62.4.3 Result and Discussion
	62.5 Conclusion
	References
63 Influence of Sync Sound Recording Technologies on Aesthetics of Voice and Sound Design in the Hindi Cinema
	63.1 Introduction
		63.1.1 The Voice Recording Technologies
		63.1.2 Sound Design Theories and Aesthetics of Voice
		63.1.3 Voice in Indian Cinema
	63.2 Methodology
		63.2.1 Selection of Films
		63.2.2 The Frameworks of Analysis
	63.3 Analysis with Case Studies
		63.3.1 Comparative Analysis
		63.3.2 Gadar- Ek Prem Katha and Lagaan: Period Drama Films Released in 2001
		63.3.3 Individual Case study
	63.4 Discussion
	63.5 Conclusion
	References
64 Protest as Performance: The Staging of CAA Protests
	64.1 Introduction
	64.2 Protest as Performance
	64.3 CAA Protests
	64.4 Staging
		64.4.1 Street-War
		64.4.2 Street Gallery
		64.4.3 Street-Speak
		64.4.4 Street-Guise
		64.4.5 Street-Vision
	64.5 Conclusion
	References
65 Reconstruction of Vanishing Indigenous Cultural Threads of Naamghar in Assam
	65.1 Introduction
	65.2 Background Study
		65.2.1 Structure and Position in Naamghar
	65.3 Methodology
		65.3.1 Main Gate: Design Elements of Naamghar
		65.3.2 Case Study
	65.4 Mapping of Field Visual Content and Form Study
	65.5 Findings
	65.6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
66 A Thematic Analysis of Graffiti in Urban Spaces by Using Indic Scripts for Experiments and Exploration for Academic Educational Project
	66.1 Introduction
	66.2 Analysis of Graffiti
		66.2.1 Graffiti Case I
		66.2.2 Graffiti Case II
	66.3 Germ of This Research Paper
	66.4 Objective
		66.4.1 Learnings from Letterforms
		66.4.2 Word as an Image
	66.5 Statement
	66.6 Approach
		66.6.1 Introducing Urban Spaces
		66.6.2 Extracting Visuals and Interpretations
	66.7 Methodology
	66.8 Observation
	66.9 Conclusion
	66.10 Approaching Opportunities
	References
67 Study and Revival Strategies for Traditional Art Form: Case of Sindhudurg
	67.1 Craft in India: Economic Statistic
		67.1.1 Government Initiatives and Policies Related to Handicraft in India
	67.2 Wooden Toy Craft, Ganjifa Cards and Sawantwadi
		67.2.1 Problems Faced by These Crafts
		67.2.2 Competition from Outside Market and Machine-Made Items
		67.2.3 Limited Access to Global Market
		67.2.4 Availability of Good Quality Raw Materials
		67.2.5 No Transfer of Indigenous Knowledge
		67.2.6 Lack of Implementation of Government Policies
		67.2.7 Inadequate Census Data
	67.3 Cases of Surviving Crafts
	67.4 Conclusion
	References
Part IV Eco-design, Sustainable Manufacturing, Design for Sustainability
68 Mapping the Topoi of Sustainable—Design—Thinking in Indian Context
	68.1 Introduction
	68.2 Design and the ‘Designerly’ Thinking
	68.3 Design Activism/Sustainable Design
	68.4 Towards a Deleuzian Design Process
	68.5 Anthropocentrism Versus Zoe-Centrism
	68.6 (Sustainable—(Design)—Thinking)
	68.7 Concluding Notes in/as Suggestions
	References
69 Bio-bricks: Circular Economy and New Products
	69.1 Introduction
		69.1.1 Bio-bricks
	69.2 Circular Economy
		69.2.1 Scope of the Circular Economy in India
		69.2.2 Economics of Bio-bricks
	69.3 Product Development
		69.3.1 Initial Testing
		69.3.2 New Product Development
	69.4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
70 Sustainable Design and Development of Stubble Removing Agricultural Machine for Stopping the Burning of Paddy Stubble
	70.1 Introduction
	70.2 Background
	70.3 Aim and Methodology
	70.4 Development of machine
	70.5 Working of the Machine
		70.5.1 Trials/Testing of the Machine
	70.6 Results and Discussions
	70.7 Conclusion
	References
71 A Three-Phase Quality Function Deployment Approach for Conceptualizing a Sustainable Product Life Cycle: Case Study of a Blower Heater
	71.1 Introduction
	71.2 Literature Review
	71.3 Methodology
	71.4 Case Study: Blower Heater
		71.4.1 Product Description
		71.4.2 House of Quality
		71.4.3 Results and Discussion
	71.5 Conclusion and Direction for Future Research
	References
72 Bio-architecture of Living Root Bridges
	72.1 Introduction
	72.2 Architecture
		72.2.1 Narrative
		72.2.2 Design of the Bridges
	72.3 Impression
	72.4 Results
	72.5 Conclusion
	References
73 Eco-Design, Craftsmanship and Sustainability
	73.1 Introduction
	73.2 Relationship Between Sustainability and Eco-Design
	73.3 Eco-Design and Its Principles
	73.4 Craftsmanship and Its Attributes
	73.5 Examples of Craftsmanship in Assam
		73.5.1 Bamboo Craftsmanship
		73.5.2 Wood Craftsmanship
		73.5.3 Brass Metal Craftsmanship
		73.5.4 Eri Silk Craftsmanship
	73.6 Analysis by Comparing Craftsmanship and Eco-Design
	73.7 Inferences
	73.8 Implications for Practitioners
	73.9 Highlights of the Study
	References
74 Identifying Criteria for the Selection of Ecodesign Methods to Integrate into SMEs Product Development
	74.1 Introduction
	74.2 Current Situation
	74.3 Take Precedence and Aim of Research
	74.4 Summary
	74.5 Outlook
	References
75 A Study on Design Concept for Comfortability of Dokhona—For Sustainability of Bodo Traditional Wear and Culture
	75.1 Introduction
		75.1.1 Bodo Ethnicity of Dokhona
		75.1.2 Newness and Sustainability
		75.1.3 Identity Elements Issues
	75.2 Aim and Objectives
	75.3 Methodology
		75.3.1 Respondent Groups—Sampling
		75.3.2 Survey Stages
	75.4 Result and Discussion
	75.5 Conclusions
	References
76 Design of Bamboo Shelter Kit for Post-disaster Temporary Shelter Response
	76.1 Introduction
	76.2 Design Criteria Development Based on Human Needs and Humanitarian Standards
		76.2.1 Sense of Place: Home
		76.2.2 Spatial Requirements and Functions
		76.2.3 Humanitarian Standards
		76.2.4 Structural and Technical Requirements
	76.3 Use of Bamboo in the Built Environment of the Study Area
		76.3.1 Rural Built Typology in the State of Assam
		76.3.2 Use of Bamboo in Construction
	76.4 Design Process of the Bamboo Shelter Kit
		76.4.1 Design Features of the Bamboo Shelter Kit
		76.4.2 Construction Process
		76.4.3 Protection and Maintenance
	76.5 Conclusion
	References
77 Review of Building Energy Code and Its Implementation in Residential Sector: A Global Outlook
	77.1 Introduction
	77.2 Background
	77.3 Methodology
		77.3.1 Review on Global Approaches
		77.3.2 Code Coverage
		77.3.3 Code Adoption
		77.3.4 Revision Schedule, Incentives and Penalties
		77.3.5 Building Material and Certification
	77.4 Conclusion
	References
78 Exploring Two Housing Typologies in the Vernacular Architecture of Assam
	78.1 Introduction
	78.2 Planning and Building Configuration
		78.2.1 Assam-Type House
		78.2.2 Chang Ghar
	78.3 Building Components
		78.3.1 Materials
		78.3.2 Structural System
		78.3.3 Flooring System
		78.3.4 Walling System
		78.3.5 Roofing System
		78.3.6 Openings
		78.3.7 Connections and Joinery
	78.4 Resilience
		78.4.1 Assam-Type House
		78.4.2 Chang Ghar
	78.5 Results
	78.6 Conclusion
	References
79 Design for Sustainable Smart Cities; An Impactful Approach Through the Role of Designers Towards Future of Mankind
	79.1 Introduction
		79.1.1 Methodology
		79.1.2 Preamble
		79.1.3 Global Picture
		79.1.4 Indian Context
		79.1.5 Current Scenario
	79.2 Role, Responsibilities and Methodologies of Designers in Crafting Smart Cities
	79.3 Smart Campus Case Study
	79.4 Conclusion
	References
80 Water, a Product?
	80.1 Introduction: The Problem
		80.1.1 The Water Crisis: World and India
		80.1.2 The Contributor: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters
	80.2 Studying Potable Water in Urban Areas
		80.2.1 Necessity: Potable Water
		80.2.2 Domestic Water Supply
		80.2.3 The Marketing the Water Filters
		80.2.4 Filter Selection Method
		80.2.5 The Ultimate Solution: RO Water Filtration Process
		80.2.6 Standards for Potable Drinking Water
	80.3 Discussion Around Potable Water in Urban Scenario
		80.3.1 Fact Check: Different Qualities of Water
		80.3.2 The Market Forces
		80.3.3 The Impact: Physical, Economic and Ecological Perspectives
	80.4 Water Quality Testing in a Domestic Scenario
		80.4.1 The Cost of Testing
		80.4.2 Practical Solution: Apparatus
		80.4.3 Test 1: Raw and Municipal Supplied Water Samples
		80.4.4 Test 2: Bottled Water Samples
		80.4.5 The Understanding of Consumer’s Perspective
	80.5 Discussion of Water Quality Testing in an Urban Scenario
		80.5.1 The Correct Scale: Understanding When RO Filtration is Required
		80.5.2 Instant Testing for a Custom Filter
		80.5.3 3 Stage Domestic Water Test
		80.5.4 Design-Driven Solution
	References