Design and Simulation of Spectrum Management Methods for Wireless Local Area Networks

Cover......Page 1
Advanced Studies Mobile Research Center Bremen......Page 3
Design and Simulation\rof Spectrum Management\rMethods for Wireless\rLocal Area Networks......Page 4
ISBN 9783834812445......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Abstract......Page 10
Contents......Page 12
List of Tables......Page 16
List of Figures......Page 18
List of Abbreviations......Page 22
List of Symbols......Page 24
1 Introduction......Page 28
2 The IEEE 802.11 Standard Series......Page 32
2.1 The ISO/OSI Reference Model......Page 35
2.2 IEEE 802.11 Architecture......Page 39
2.3 IEEE 802.11 Protocol Stack......Page 41
2.3.1 IEEE 802.11 PHY Layer......Page 42
2.3.1.1 OFDM Transmission......Page 44
2.3.1.2 Structure of the 802.11a PHY PDU......Page 48
2.3.2 IEEE 802.11 MAC Layer......Page 49
2.3.2.1 Contention Window Size Control......Page 55
2.3.2.2 Interframe Spacing......Page 56
2.3.2.3 Timing sequence of a 802.11 DCF packet transmission......Page 57
2.3.3 RTS/CTS Extension......Page 59
2.3.5 Format of the MAC Frame......Page 61
2.4 IEEE 802.11h Spectrum Management Extensions......Page 62
2.4.1 Dynamic Frequency Selection......Page 63
2.4.2 Transmit Power Control......Page 66
2.4.3 Negotiation of Spectrum Management Capabilities......Page 68
2.5 Centralised Channel Access......Page 69
2.6 Enhancing Transmission Speed by MIMO: IEEE 802.11n......Page 72
2.7 Summary......Page 75
3.1.1 Frequency Channel Selection......Page 76
3.1.2 Power Control......Page 80
3.1.3 Link Adaptation......Page 84
3.1.4 Cross-Layer Design......Page 85
3.2 Performance of IEEE 802.11Wireless LANs......Page 87
3.2.1.1 Network with Two Stations......Page 90
3.2.1.2 General Case: Network with n Stations......Page 92
3.2.2 Delay in Case of Ideal Channel......Page 100
3.3 Performance in Case of Limited Transmission Ranges......Page 101
3.3.1 Concurrent Transmissions......Page 102
3.3.2 Effect of the CCA Threshold......Page 107
3.3.3 Stations Outside Each Other’s CCA Range......Page 109
3.3.4 Hidden Stations......Page 111
3.4.1 Power Control......Page 113
3.4.2.1 Effects on the Performance......Page 114
3.4.2.2 DFS Convergence Characteristics......Page 116
3.5.1 Sequential Transmission......Page 123
3.5.2 Parallelised Transmission......Page 128
3.6 Summary......Page 129
4.1 Dynamic Frequency Selection......Page 130
4.1.1.1 Measuring Sequence......Page 131
4.1.1.2 Measurement Values......Page 132
4.1.2 Principle of Controllers......Page 133
4.1.3 Decision Algorithms......Page 134
4.1.3.2 Fuzzy Logic......Page 136
4.1.3.3 Genetic Algorithm......Page 140
4.1.3.4 Introduction of Randomness......Page 144
4.1.4 Simulated Annealing......Page 145
4.1.5 Error Recovery......Page 146
4.2 Transmit Power Control......Page 147
4.2.1 Infrastructure Networks......Page 148
4.2.2 Ad-Hoc Networks......Page 152
4.2.2.1 Initialisation State......Page 153
4.2.2.3 Controlling State......Page 154
4.2.2.4 Monitoring State......Page 155
4.3 Signalling Issues for Power Control......Page 156
4.4 Link Adaptation......Page 158
4.5 Summary......Page 159
5.1 Introduction......Page 160
5.2 Two-Stage Cross-Layer Scheduler......Page 161
5.2.1 QoS Aware Scheduler......Page 166
5.2.2 MIMO-TDMA......Page 170
5.3 Scheduling for Parallelised Transmissions......Page 172
5.3.1 MIMO-OFDMA......Page 174
5.3.2 MIMO-SDMA......Page 176
5.4 Summary......Page 177
6.1 Discrete Event Simulators......Page 180
6.2.1 Specification and Description Language......Page 181
6.2.2 Structure of the Simulator......Page 182
6.4 Simulator Extension by Cross-Layer Scheduling......Page 185
6.5 Summary......Page 187
7.1.1 Network Performance without Spectrum Management......Page 190
7.1.2.1 Static Scenario......Page 192
7.1.2.2 Convergence Characteristics......Page 195
7.1.2.3 Mobility Scenario......Page 199
7.1.3.1 Validation of the Theoretical Model......Page 202
7.1.3.2 CCA Effect......Page 204
7.1.3.3 TPC Convergence: Infrastructure......Page 207
7.1.3.5 TPC with Variable Load and Number of Stations......Page 210
7.1.4.1 Regular Scenario......Page 216
7.1.4.2 Irregular Scenario......Page 219
7.1.5 Integration of DFS, TPC and Link Adaptation (LA)......Page 221
7.2.1 Cross-Layer Scheduler......Page 225
7.2.2 Quality-of-Service Scheduling on the MAC Layer......Page 233
7.2.3 Parallel Transmission of Data......Page 237
7.3 Summary......Page 241
8.1 Conclusions......Page 244
8.2 Outlook......Page 246
Bibliography......Page 250