Dermatology Essentials

Dermatology Essentials
Copyright page
Preface
Acknowledgments
Dedication
List of Abbreviations
1 Basic Principles of Dermatology
2 Bedside Diagnostics
	Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Preparation of Scales
	Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Preparation of Hair Shafts
	Mineral Oil Scraping for  Suspected Scabies
	Tzanck Smear
	Microscopic Examination of Molluscum Bodies
	Gram Stain
	Dermal Scrapings and Touch Preps
	Giemsa Stain for Eosinophils  or Amastigotes
	Acid-Fast Stain for Leprosy
	Evaluation of Folliculitis
	Dark Field Microscopy for Treponemal Infections
	Hair Shaft Examination
3 Fever and Rash
	Kawasaki Disease
	Periodic Fever Syndromes
4 Pruritus and Dysesthesia
	Definitions
	Pruritus
		Etiologies
		Diagnostic Pearls
		Approach to the Patient  with Pruritus
		Management of Pruritus
		Classic Clinical Findings from Chronic Pruritus
			Lichen Simplex Chronicus (LSC)
			Prurigo Nodularis
	Neurologic Etiologies of Pruritus  and Dysesthesia
		Neuropathic Itch
			Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome (TTS)
			Radiculopathies
				Notalgia Paresthetica
				Brachioradial Pruritus
				Meralgia Paresthetica
			Small Fiber Polyneuropathies (SFPN)
	Dysesthesia Syndromes
		Burning Mouth Syndrome  (Orodynia)
		Burning Scalp Syndrome  (Scalp Dysesthesia)
		Dysesthetic Anogenital Syndromes
5 Psychocutaneous Disorders
	Introduction
	The More Common Primary Psychiatric Disorders Seen  in Dermatology
		Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		Psychogenic (Neurotic) Excoriations
		Acne Excoriée
		Trichotillomania
		Cutting (Self-Injury)
		Dermatitis Artefacta
		Delusions of Parasitosis
6 Psoriasis
	Key Points
	Variants
		Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
		Guttate Psoriasis
		Linear Psoriasis
		Erythrodermic Psoriasis
		Pustular Psoriasis
	Special Sites
		Scalp
		Flexural (Inverse Psoriasis)
		Oral
		Nail (See Chapter 58)
	Sneddon–Wilkinson Disease (Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis)
	Psoriatic Arthritis (See Table 6.1)
	Treatment
7 Other Papulosquamous
Disorders
	Parapsoriasis
	Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta (PLEVA) and Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica (PLC)
	Pityriasis Rosea
	Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
	Pityriasis Rotunda
	Granular Parakeratosis
8 Erythroderma
	Introduction
9 Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Dermatoses
	Lichen Planus
	Lichenoid Drug Eruption
	Lichen Striatus
	Lichen Nitidus
	Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans (EDP; Ashy Dermatosis)
	Keratosis Lichenoides Chronica
	Actinic Lichen Nitidus (Summertime Actinic Lichenoid Eruption)
	Annular Lichenoid Dermatitis  (of Youth)
10 Atopic Dermatitis
	Introduction
	Clinical Features and Disease Stages of AD
		Infantile AD (Age < 2 Years)
		Childhood AD (Age 2–12 Years)
		Adolescent/Adult AD  (Age > 12 Years)
	Associated Features of AD
		Keratosis Pilaris
		Pityriasis Alba
	Complications of AD
	Triggers of AD
	Treatment of AD
11 Other Eczematous Eruptions
	Seborrheic Dermatitis
	Asteatotic Eczema (Xerotic Eczema, Eczema Craquelé)
	Stasis Dermatitis
	Autosensitization Dermatitis  (Id Reaction)
	Infectious Eczematous  (Eczematoid) Dermatitis
	Nummular Eczema  (Nummular Dermatitis)
	Dyshidrotic Eczema (Acute  and Recurrent Vesicular  Hand Dermatitis)
	Juvenile Plantar Dermatosis
	Infective Dermatitis
12 Irritant and Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Dermatoses, and Dermatoses Due to Plants
	Key Points
	Irritant Contact Dermatitis
	Allergic Contact Dermatitis
	Common Allergens
		Metals
		Topical Antibiotics
		Fragrances
		Preservatives
	Other Important Allergens
		Topical Corticosteroids
	Systemic Contact Dermatitis
	Occupational Dermatoses
	Plant Dermatoses
13 Clinical Approach to Regional Dermatoses
	Dermatitis of the Hands and Feet
	Intertriginous Dermatitis
	Diaper Dermatitis
	Cheilitis
	Eyelid Dermatitis
14 Urticaria and Angioedema
	Spontaneous (‘Ordinary’) Urticaria: Acute and Chronic
	Physical (Inducible) Urticaria
		Dermographism (‘Skin Writing’)
		Delayed Pressure Urticaria
		Cold Urticaria
		Cholinergic Urticaria
		Solar Urticaria
	Contact Urticaria
	Schnitzler’s Syndrome
	Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)
15 Figurate Erythemas
	Erythema Annulare  Centrifugum (EAC)
	Erythema Marginatum
	Erythema Gyratum Repens
	Erythema Migrans (EM; Erythema Chronicum Migrans [ECM])
16 Erythema Multiforme, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
	Erythema Multiforme
	Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
17 Drug Reactions
18 Purpura and Disorders of Microvascular Occlusion
	Selected Microvascular Occlusion Syndromes (See Table 18.2)
		Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APLS)
		Livedoid Vasculopathy
	Other Purpuric Disorders
		Pigmented Purpuric Dermatoses (Capillaritis)
		Hypergammaglobulinemic Purpura of Waldenström
19 Vasculitis
	Cutaneous Small Vessel  Vasculitis (CSVV)
		Henoch–Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
		Acute Hemorrhagic Edema  of Infancy
		Urticarial Vasculitis
		Erythema Elevatum Diutinum
	Small and Medium-Sized  Vessel Vasculitis
		Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis  (See Table 18.3)
		ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
	Predominantly Medium-Sized  Vessel Vasculitis
		Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Classic (Systemic) and Cutaneous Variants
			Classic (Systemic) PAN
			Cutaneous PAN
	Diagnostic Approach to  Patients with Suspected  Cutaneous Vasculitis
20 Eosinophilic Dermatoses
	Granuloma Faciale
	Exaggerated Insect Bite  and Insect Bite-Like Reactions (Eosinophilic Dermatosis  Associated with Hematologic Disorders/Malignancies)
	Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
	Wells’ Syndrome (Eosinophilic Cellulitis)
	Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
21 Neutrophilic Dermatoses
	Sweet’s Syndrome (Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis)
	Pyoderma Gangrenosum (PG)
	Behçet’s Disease
	Bowel-Associated Dermatosis–Arthritis Syndrome (Bowel  Bypass Syndrome)
	Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis  (SAPHO) Syndrome
22 Pregnancy Dermatoses
	Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy (PEP; Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy [PUPPP])
	Pemphigoid Gestationis (PG; Gestational Pemphigoid)
	Atopic Eruption of Pregnancy
	Intrahepatic Cholestasis  of Pregnancy
	Physiological Changes During Pregnancy
23 Pemphigus
	Pemphigus Vulgaris and  Pemphigus Vegetans
	Pemphigus Foliaceus, Pemphigus Erythematosus, and Fogo Selvagem
	Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
	IgA Pemphigus
	Drug-Induced Pemphigus
24 Bullous Pemphigoid, Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, and Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
	Bullous Pemphigoid (BP)
	Mucous Membrane  (Cicatricial) Pemphigoid
	Epidermolysis Bullosa  Acquisita (EBA)
25 Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis
	Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH)
	Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis (LABD)
26 Epidermolysis Bullosa
	Clinical Features of EB
	Management of EB
27 Other Vesiculobullous Diseases
	Friction Blisters
	Edema Bullae (Edema Blisters)
	Bullosis Diabeticorum  (Diabetic Bullae)
	Delayed Postburn/Postgraft Blisters
	Coma Bullae (Coma Blisters)
28 Vesiculopustular and Erosive Disorders in Newborns and Infants
	Common Transient Conditions
		Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum  (‘e tox’)
		Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
		Miliaria (Heat Rash)
		Neonatal Cephalic Pustulosis (Neonatal Acne)
		Sucking Blister
	Infectious Diseases
		Cutaneous Candidiasis
		Bullous Impetigo (See Chapter 61)
		Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection (See Chapter 67)
	Uncommon Conditions
		Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis  in Infancy
		Infantile Acropustulosis (Acropustulosis of Infancy)
		Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP)  (See Chapter 51)
29 Acne Vulgaris
	Clinical Features and Variants  of Acne
		Post-Adolescent Acne
		Acne Excoriée
		Acne Fulminans
		Solid Facial Edema  (Morbihan’s Disease)
		Neonatal Acne (Neonatal Cephalic Pustulosis) (See Chapter 28)
		Infantile Acne
		Contact Acne
		Chloracne
		Drug-Induced Acne and  Acneiform Eruptions
		Acne Associated with a Syndrome
	Evaluation and Treatment of Acne
		Tips for Topical Therapy
30 Rosacea and Periorificial Dermatitis
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Features
31 Folliculitis
	Superficial Folliculitis
	Deep Folliculitis
		Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (PFB)
		Acne Keloidalis
		Hidradenitis Suppurativa
32 Disorders of Eccrine and
Apocrine Glands
	Eccrine Glands
	Apocrine Glands
	Hyperhidrosis
	Hypohidrosis (and Anhidrosis)
	Bromhidrosis (Foul-Smelling Sweat)
	Chromhidrosis
	Sweat Retention Disorders
		Miliaria
		Fox–Fordyce Disease  (Apocrine Miliaria)
		Grover’s Disease
	Hidradenitis
		Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis
		Idiopathic Palmoplantar Hidradenitis
	Other
		Keratolysis Exfoliativa
33 Lupus Erythematosus
	General
	Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus
	Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Specific Lesions
		Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CCLE)
			Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)
			Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Tumidus
			Lupus Panniculitis (See Chapter 83)
			Chilblain Lupus (SLE Pernio)
		Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE)
			Neonatal SCLE (NLE)
		Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ACLE)
		Other
			Bullous Eruption of SLE
			Acute Syndrome of Apoptotic Pan-Epidermolysis (ASAP)/ Rowell’s Syndrome
	Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Nonspecific Lesions
		Vascular Lesions and the Antiphospholipid Antibody  Syndrome (APL)
	Systemic Lupus  Erythematosus (SLE)
34 Dermatomyositis
35 Systemic Sclerosis and Sclerodermoid Disorders
	Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)
	Raynaud’s Phenomenon
	Sclerodermoid Disorders
		Eosinophilic Fasciitis  (Shulman’s Syndrome)
		Nephrogenic Systemic  Fibrosis (NSF)
		Stiff Skin Syndrome
36 Morphea and Lichen Sclerosus
	Morphea (Localized Scleroderma)
	Lichen Sclerosus (LS)
		Genital LS in Females
		Genital LS in Males
		Extragenital LS
37 Other Rheumatologic Diseases
	Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SoJIA; Still’s Disease) and Adult-Onset Still’s Disease (AoSD)
	Rheumatoid Arthritis
	Interstitial Granulomatous  Dermatitis (IGD) and Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis (PNGD)
	Sjögren’s Syndrome
	Relapsing Polychondritis
	Mixed Connective Tissue  Disease (MCTD)
38 Mucinoses
	Scleredema
	Scleromyxedema/Papular Mucinosis
	Pretibial Myxedema
	Generalized Myxedema
	Self-Healing Cutaneous Mucinosis
	Reticular Erythematous  Mucinosis (REM)
	Cutaneous Lupus Mucinosis/Papulonodular Mucinosis (of Gold)
	Follicular Mucinosis  (Alopecia Mucinosis)
	Other Entities
39 Amyloidosis
	Systemic Amyloidosis
	Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis
40 Deposition Disorders
	Gout
	Lipoid Proteinosis
	Colloid Milium
	Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS)
41 Porphyrias
	Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT)
	Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP)
	Variegate Porphyria (VP)
	Congenital Erythropoietic  Porphyria (CEP)
	Pseudoporphyria (Pseudo-PCT, Bullous Dermatosis of Dialysis)
42 Calcinosis Cutis and Osteoma Cutis
	Calcinosis Cutis
		Calcinosis Cutis – Dystrophic
		Calcinosis Cutis – Metastatic
		Calcinosis Cutis – Iatrogenic  and Idiopathic
	Osteoma Cutis
43 Nutritional Disorders
	Malnutrition
	Marasmus (Protein- Energy Malnutrition)
	Kwashiorkor (Protein or  Wet Malnutrition)
	Vitamins
	Vitamin D
	Minerals
	Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)
	Anorexia/Bulimia
	Carotenoderma
	Obesity
44 Graft-Versus-Host Disease
	Acute GVHD
	Chronic GVHD
45 Skin Signs of Systemic Disease
	Introduction
	Pulmonary Disease and the Skin
	Cardiac Disease and the Skin
	Gastrointestinal Disease  and the Skin
	Liver Disease and the Skin
	Renal Disease and the Skin
	Skin Signs of Internal Malignancy
	Skin Signs of Endocrine Disorders and Metabolic Disease
46 Ichthyoses and Erythrokeratodermas
	Ichthyosis Vulgaris (IV)
	X-Linked Recessive Ichthyosis (XLRI; Steroid Sulfatase Deficiency)
	Epidermolytic Ichthyosis (EI; Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis [EHK])
	Nonsyndromic Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis (ARCI): Lamellar Ichthyosis and Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma (CIE)
		Collodion Baby
		Lamellar Ichthyosis
		Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma
	Other Ichthyoses and Erythrokeratodermas
47 Keratodermas
48 Darier Disease and Hailey–Hailey Disease
	Darier Disease (Keratosis Follicularis)
	Hailey–Hailey Disease (Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus)
49 Primary Immunodeficiencies
	Chronic Mucocutaneous  Candidiasis (CMC)
	Complement Disorders
	Hyperimmunoglobulin E  Syndromes (HIESs)
50 Neurofibromatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis
	Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (von Recklinghausen Disease)
	Tuberous Sclerosis
51 Mosaic Skin Conditions
	Epidermal Nevi and ‘Epidermal Nevus Syndromes’
	Mosaicism in Autosomal Dominant Skin Conditions
	Mosaicism in X-Linked Conditions
		Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP)
		Goltz Syndrome (Focal  Dermal Hypoplasia)
		X-Linked Dominant  Ichthyosiform Conditions
	Lethal Disorders Rescued  by Mosaicism
	Mosaic Manifestations of Acquired Skin Conditions
52 Other Genodermatoses
	Disorders Featuring  Extracutaneous Tumorigenesis
		Cowden Disease and Other  Forms of PTEN Hamartoma  Tumor Syndrome
		Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
		Muir–Torre Syndrome (MTS)
		Gardner Syndrome
		Birt–Hogg–Dubé Syndrome
		Reed Syndrome (Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Syndrome)
	Enzyme Deficiency Disorders
		Alkaptonuria
		Fabry Disease
		Phenylketonuria
		Mitochondrial Disorders
	Premature Aging Disorders
		Hutchinson–Gilford  Progeria Syndrome
		Werner Syndrome
	Ectodermal Dysplasias
53 Developmental Anomalies
	Midline Lesions of the Nose  or Scalp
	Dermoid Cysts
	Cephaloceles
	Nasal Gliomas, Other Heterotopic Brain Tissue, and Rudimentary Meningoceles
	Midline Cervical, Sternal, and Supraumbilical Clefts
	Midline Lesions Overlying the Spine
	Aplasia Cutis Congenita (Congenital Absence of Skin)
	Congenital Lip and Ear Pits
	Accessory Tragi (Preauricular Tags)
	Branchial Cleft Cysts, Sinuses,  and Fistulae
	Thyroglossal Duct Cysts and Bronchogenic Cysts (See Fig. 53.1)
	Supernumerary Nipples and Other Accessory Mammary Tissue
	Omphalomesenteric Duct Cysts  and Urachal Cysts
	Rudimentary Supernumerary Digits (Rudimentary Polydactyly)
	Amniotic Band Sequence and Disorganization Syndrome
54 Vitiligo and Other Disorders of Hypopigmentation
	Introduction/Definitions
	Approach to Disorders  of Hypopigmentation
	Vitiligo
	Hereditary Hypomelanosis
		Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA)
		Disorders of Melanocyte Development
			Piebaldism
			Waardenburg Syndrome (WS)
		Disorders of Melanosome Biogenesis
			Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome (HPS)
			Chediak–Higashi Syndrome (CHS)
		Disorders of Melanosome Transport and/or Transfer to Keratinocytes
			Griscelli Syndrome (GS)
		Other
			Tuberous Sclerosis (TS)  (See Chapter 50)
		Hypopigmentation in  Mosaic Patterns
			Linear Nevoid Hypopigmentation
			Nevus Depigmentosus
			Phylloid Hypomelanosis
	Postinflammatory Hypomelanoses
		Pityriasis Alba (See Chapter 10)
		Sarcoidosis
		Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides (MF) (See Chapter 98)
		Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (LE) (See Chapter 33)
		Systemic Sclerosis (SSc or Generalized Scleroderma)  (See Chapter 35)
		Lichen Sclerosus (LS)  (See Chapter 36)
	Infectious and Parasitic Hypomelanosis
		Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor  (See Chapter 64)
		Leprosy (See Chapter 62)
		Treponematoses (See Chapters 61 and 69)
		Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) (See Chapter 70)
		Other
	Melanoma-Associated Leukoderma (See Chapter 93)
	Chemical Leukoderma
	Miscellaneous
		Idiopathic Guttate  Hypomelanosis (IGH)
		Progressive Macular Hypomelanosis of the Trunk (PMH)
	Hair Hypomelanosis
55 Disorders of Hyperpigmentation
	Definitions
	Approach to Disorders of Hyperpigmentation
		Circumscribed Hyperpigmentation
			Melasma
			Drug-Induced Circumscribed Hyperpigmentation and Discoloration
			Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation
		Diffuse Hyperpigmentation
		Linear Hyperpigmentation
			Hyperpigmentation Along Blaschko’s Lines and in Other  Mosaic Patterns
			Linear Hyperpigmentation that is Not Along Blaschko’s Lines
			Linear Hyperpigmentation That  May or May Not be Along  Blaschko’s Lines
		Reticulated Hyperpigmentation
	Dyschromatoses
56 Alopecias
	Non-Scarring Alopecias
		Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss (Androgenetic Alopecia)
		Telogen Effluvium
		Alopecia Areata
		Trichotillomania
		Postoperative (Pressure- Induced Alopecia)
		Drug-Induced Alopecia
		Secondary Syphilis
	Scarring (Cicatricial) Alopecias
		Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)
		Lichen Planopilaris
		Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)
		Acne Keloidalis
		Dissecting Cellulitis
		Folliculitis Decalvans
		Pseudopelade
		Traction Alopecia (Late-Stage)
	Hair Shaft Abnormalities
57 Hypertrichosis and Hirsutism
	Definitions
	Hypertrichosis
		Generalized Hypertrichosis
		Localized Hypertrichosis
	Hirsutism
		Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
		Idiopathic Hirsutism
		Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NC-CAH)
		Ovarian Hyperthecosis
		Tumoral Hirsutism
		HAIR-AN Syndrome
		Hirsutism Associated with Other Endocrine Abnormalities
58 Nail Disorders
	Onycholysis
	Onychomadesis
	Pitting in Psoriasis
	Darier Disease
	Trachyonychia
	Lichen Planus
	True Leukonychia
	Apparent Leukonychia
	Koilonychia
	Beau’s Lines
	Longitudinal Melanonychia
	Onychorrhexis
	Onychoschizia
	Pitting in Alopecia Areata
	Dorsal Pterygium
	Proximal Nail Fold Telangiectasias
	Proximal Nail Fold Telangiectasias with Capillary Dropout
	Clubbing
	Splinter Hemorrhages
	Subungual Hematoma
	Green Nail
	Paronychia, Acute
	Paronychia, Chronic
	Pustular Psoriasis
	Median Nail Dystrophy  (Tic Deformity)
	Malalignment
	Nail Patella Syndrome
	Ingrown Toenails
	Onychomycosis
	Onychogryphosis
	Subungual Exostosis
	Yellow Nail Syndrome
	Tumors
59 Oral Diseases
	Common Oral Mucosal Findings
		Fordyce Granules
		Geographic Tongue  (Migratory Glossitis)
		Scrotal (Fissured) Tongue
		Hairy Tongue (Black Hairy Tongue)
		Leukoedema
		Median Rhomboid Glossitis
	Periodontal and Dental Conditions with Dermatologic Relevance
		Desquamative Gingivitis
		Gingival Enlargement  (Hyperplasia, Overgrowth)
		Dental Sinus
	Sequelae of Trauma or Toxic Insults
		Fibroma (Bite Fibroma)
		Morsicatio Buccarum (Chronic Cheek Chewing)
		Mucocele
		Chemotherapy- and Radiation Therapy-Induced Mucositis
	Cheilitis
	Other Inflammatory Conditions
		Aphthae (Aphthous Stomatitis; Canker Sores)
		Granulomatous Cheilitis and Other Forms of Orofacial Granulomatosis
		Contact Stomatitis
		Nicotine Stomatitis
		Atrophic Glossitis
	Oral Signs of Systemic Disease
	Premalignant and  Malignant Conditions
		Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia
		Squamous Cell Carcinoma
		Melanoma
60 Anogenital Diseases
	Introduction
	Intraepithelial Neoplasia
	Condyloma Acuminata
	Dysesthetic Genital Pain Syndromes
61 Bacterial Diseases
	Gram-Positive Cocci
		Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Skin Infections
			Impetigo
			Ecthyma
			Bacterial Folliculitis
			Abscesses, Furuncles, and Carbuncles
			Erysipelas
			Streptococcal Intertrigo/ Perianal Disease
			Cellulitis
			Blistering Distal Dactylitis
			Botryomycosis
			Necrotizing Fasciitis
			Pyomyositis
			Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
			Toxic Shock Syndrome (Other Than Streptococcal) (TSS)
			streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (Streptococcal TSS)
			Scarlet Fever
			Bacteremia/Septicemia
	Gram-Positive Bacilli
		Clostridial Skin Infections
		Corynebacterium (And Kytococcus) Skin Infections
			Erythrasma
			Pit ted Keratolysis
			Trichomycosis Axillaris
		Other Gram-Positive Skin Infections
			Anthrax
			Erysipeloid
	Gram-Negative Cocci
		Acute Meningococcemia
		Chronic Meningococcemia
		Gonorrhea & Disseminated Gonococcal Infection
	Gram-Negative Bacilli
		Pseudomonal Infections
			Gram-Negative Toe-Web Infection
			Otitis Externa (‘Swimmer’s Ear’)
			Pseudomonal Folliculitis  (Hot Tub Folliculitis)
			Pseudomonas Hot-Foot Syndrome
			Cellulitis
			Ecthyma Gangrenosum
			Treatment of Pseudomonal Infections
		Diseases Caused by  Bartonella Species
		Other Gram-Negative Skin Infections with Fever and Skin Findings
		Spirochetes
			Lyme Disease
			Syphilis
			Other Treponemal Diseases
		Filamentous Bacteria
			Actinomycosis
			Actinomycotic Mycetoma
			Nocardiosis
62 Mycobacterial Diseases
	Key Points
	Leprosy
	Cutaneous Tuberculosis (TB)
	Atypical Mycobacteria
63 Rickettsial Diseases
	Rocky Mountain Spotted  Fever (RMSF)
	Typhus – Epidemic and  Endemic (Murine)
	Rickettsialpox
	Ehrlichiosis
	Anaplasmosis (Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis)
64 Fungal Diseases
	Key Points
	Superficial Fungal Infections
		Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor
		Tinea Nigra, Black Piedra,  and White Piedra
		Dermatophytoses (Tinea Infections)
		Examples of Specific Types of Dermatophytoses
		Superficial Mucocutaneous  Candida Infections
		Systemic Candidiasis
		Congenital Candidiasis
		Perianal Pseudoverrucous Papules (Granuloma Gluteale Infantum)
	Deep Fungal Infections
	Dermal/Subcutaneous
		Chromoblastomycosis
		Mycetoma (Madura Foot)
		Sporotrichosis
	Systemic (Unless Primary Inoculation into Skin)
		Blastomycosis
		Coccidioidomycosis
		Cryptococcosis
		Histoplasmosis
		Paracoccidioidomycosis
		Opportunistic Pathogens
65 Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection
	Epidemiology
	Exanthem of Primary HIV Infection (Acute Retroviral Syndrome)
	Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
	Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
66 Human Papillomaviruses
	Key Points
	Common Warts (Verrucae Vulgares)
	Plantar/Palmar Warts
	Flat Warts (Verrucae Planae)
	Oral Warts
	Condylomata Acuminata
	Bowenoid Papulosis (Intraepithelial Neoplasia-3; High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion)
	Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ (Intraepithelial Neoplasia-3 or High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion If Anogenital; Bowen’s Disease If Periungual; Historically Erythroplasia of Queyrat If Penile)
	Verrucous Carcinoma
	Epidermodysplasia  Verruciformis (EDV)
67 Human Herpesviruses
	General
	Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1/HHV-1 and HSV-2/HHV-2)
	Varicella–Zoster Virus  (VZV or HHV-3)
	Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV or HHV-4)
	Cytomegalovirus (CMV or HHV-5)
	Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7)
	Human Herpesvirus 8  (Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus [KSHV])
68 Other Viral Diseases
	Enterovirus Infections
	Measles (Rubeola)
	Rubella (German Measles)
	Parvovirus B19 Infection (Erythema Infectiosum, Fifth Disease, ‘Slapped Cheek Disease’)
	Unilateral Laterothoracic Exanthem (Asymmetric Periflexural Exanthem of Childhood)
	Gianotti–Crosti Syndrome (Papular Acrodermatitis of Childhood)
	Molluscum Contagiosum (MC)
	Other Poxvirus Infections
	Hemorrhagic Fevers and  Other Viral Infections with Cutaneous Manifestations
69 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
	Syphilis (Lues)
	Gonorrhea
	Chancroid
	Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
	Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)
70 Protozoa and Worms
	Leishmaniasis
	Amebiasis
	Free-Living Ameba
	Trypanosomiasis – American
	Trypanosomiasis – African
	Toxoplasmosis
	Cutaneous Larva Migrans
	Onchocerciasis
	Filariasis
	Schistosomiasis
	Swimmer’s Itch
	Cysticercosis
	Echinococcosis
	Gnathostomiasis
71 Infestations
	Scabies
	Head Lice (Pediculosis Capitis)
	Crab Lice (Pediculosis Pubis)
	Body Lice (Pediculosis Corporis)
	Tungiasis
	Cutaneous Myiasis
72 Bites and Stings
	Insects
	Arachnids
		Hard Ticks
		Mites
		Spiders
	Dog and Cat Bites
	Marine Stings/Injuries
73 Photodermatoses
	Photo Facts
	Cutaneous Effects of UVR  Exposure: Acute
	Cutaneous Effects of UVR  Exposure: Chronic
	Photodermatoses
	Grover’s Disease (Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis)
74 Environmental and Sports-Related Skin Diseases
	Cutaneous Injury Due to  Heat Exposure
		Thermal Burns
		Erythema Ab Igne
		Burns Associated with MRI  and Fluoroscopy
			MRI
			Fluoroscopy
	Cutaneous Injury Due to  Cold Exposure
		Frostbite
		Pernio (Chilblains)
	Cutaneous Injury Due to  Chemical Exposure
		Chemical Hair Discoloration
		Chronic Arsenical Dermatoses
		Cutaneous Findings Resulting from Toxic and Heavy Metal Exposure
	Cutaneous Findings of Frictional and Traumatic Injury to the Skin
		Corns and Calluses
		Black Heel (Talon Noir)
		Chondrodermatitis Nodularis  Helicis (CNH)
		Acanthoma Fissuratum
		Weathering Nodules of the Ears
	Sports-Related Dermatoses
75 Cutaneous Signs of Drug, Child, and Elder Abuse
	Drug Abuse
	Child Abuse
	Elder Abuse
76 Histiocytoses
	Langerhans Cell Histiocytoses
		Letterer–Siwe Disease (Multifocal, Multisystem)
		Hand–Schüller–Christian Disease
		Eosinophilic Granuloma (Unifocal)
		Hashimoto–Pritzker Disease (Congenital Self-Healing Reticulohistiocytosis)
	Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytoses
		Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
		Benign Cephalic Histiocytosis
		Generalized Eruptive Histiocytoma
		Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis
		Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma
		Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis/Giant Cell Reticulohistiocytoma
		Rosai–Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy)
		Xanthoma Disseminatum
		Papular Xanthoma
		Progressive Nodular Histiocytoma
77 Xanthomas
	Key Points
	Xanthomas Associated  with Hyperlipidemia
		Eruptive Xanthomas
		Tuberous/Tuberoeruptive Xanthomas
		Tendinous Xanthomas
		Plane Xanthomas and Xanthelasma
	Normolipemic Xanthomas
		Plane Xanthomas Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy
		Verruciform Xanthoma
78 Non-infectious Granulomatous Disorders, Including Foreign
Body Reactions
	Sarcoidosis
	Granuloma Annulare
	Necrobiosis Lipoidica
	Annular Elastolytic Giant  Cell Granuloma
	Cutaneous Crohn’s Disease
	Foreign Body Granulomas
79 Perforating Disorders
	Acquired Perforating  Dermatosis (APD)
	Elastosis Perforans  Serpiginosa (EPS)
	Familial Reactive Perforating Collagenosis (RPC)
	Perforating Calcific Elastosis
80 Heritable Connective
Tissue Disorders
	Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
	Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
	Cutis Laxa
	Other Disorders
81 Dermal Hypertrophies
	Hypertrophic Scar
	Keloid
	Dupuytren’s Contracture
	Cutis Verticis Gyrata
	Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome (Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis and Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis)
82 Atrophies of Connective Tissue
	Striae (Distensae)
	Pizogenic Pedal Papules (Piezogenic Papules)
	Anetoderma
	Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
	Mid-Dermal Elastolysis
	Follicular Atrophoderma
	Atrophia Macularis Varicelliformis Cutis (AMVC)
83 Panniculitis
	Introduction
84 Lipodystrophies
	Key Points
85 Infantile Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations
	Infantile Hemangioma (IH)
		Complications of IHs
		Treatment of IHs
		Hemangioma Variants
		Kasabach–Merritt  Phenomenon (KMP)
	Vascular Malformations
		Capillary Malformations (CMs) and Related Conditions
			Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patch)
			Port-Wine Stain (PWS)
			Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita (CMTC)
		Venous Malformations  (VMs; Former Misnomer of ‘Cavernous Hemangioma’)
			Classic VMs
			Glomuvenous Malformations (GVMs; Previously Known As Glomangiomatosis)
			Maffucci Syndrome
		Lymphatic Anomalies
			Lymphatic Malformations
			Primary Lymphedema
		Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
		Syndromes Associated with Complex–Combined or Multiple Types of Vascular Malformations
86 Ulcers
	Venous Ulcers
	Arterial Ulcers
	Neuropathic (Mal Perforans) and Diabetic Ulcers
	Pressure (Decubitis) Ulcers  (Bed Sores)
	Lymphedema
	General Approach to Wound Healing
87 Other Vascular Disorders
	Livedo Reticularis
	Flushing
	Erythromelalgia
	Telangiectasias
		Spider Telangiectasia  (Spider Angioma)
		Generalized Essential Telangiectasia
		Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler–Weber– Rendu Disease)
		Ataxia–Telangiectasia  (See Chapter 49)
	Venous Lake
	Angiokeratomas
	Nevus anemicus
	Angiospastic Macules (Bier Spots)
88 Actinic Keratosis, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
	Introduction
	Actinic Keratoses (AKs)
	SCC In Situ (Bowen’s Disease)
	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
	Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
89 Benign Epithelial Tumors and Proliferations
	Seborrheic Keratosis
	Acrokeratosis Verruciformis
	Clear Cell Acanthoma
	Large Cell Acanthoma
	Porokeratosis
	Epidermal Nevus (See Chapter 51)
	Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal Nevus (See Chapter 51)
	Nevus Comedonicus
	Flegel’s Disease (Hyperkeratosis Lenticularis Perstans)
	Cutaneous Horn
	Solitary Lichenoid Keratosis/Lichen Planus-Like Keratosis
	Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis (of Gougerot and Carteaud)
90 Cysts
	Introduction
	True Cysts – Common
		Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst (EIC) (Epidermal Inclusion Cyst, ‘Sebaceous Cyst’)
		Milium (Milia – Plural)
		Pilar Cyst (Wen)
		Pilonidal Cyst
	True Cysts – Less Common
		Vellus Hair Cyst
		Steatocystoma
		Hidrocystoma
			Apocrine
			Eccrine
	‘False’ Cysts (No True  Epithelial Lining)
		Mucocele
		Digital Mucous Cyst
		Ganglion Cyst
		Pseudocyst of the Auricle
91 Adnexal Neoplasms
92 Benign Melanocytic Neoplasms
	Benign Pigmented Cutaneous Lesions Other Than  Melanocytic Nevi
	Acquired Melanocytic Nevi (Moles)
		Common (Banal) Acquired Melanocytic Nevi
		Atypical (Dysplastic or Clark’s) Acquired Melanocytic Nevi
		Halo Nevus
		Blue Nevi
		Spitz Nevi (Spindle and  Epithelioid Cell Nevi)
		Nevi of Special Sites
		Other ‘Specially Named’ Nevi
	Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (CMN)
		Speckled Lentiginous Nevus (SLN, Nevus Spilus)
93 Cutaneous Melanoma
	Epidemiology
	Clinical
	Diagnosis
	Prognosis and Staging
	Management
	Follow-Up
94 Vascular Neoplasms and Reactive Proliferations
	Neoplasms/Tumors
		Infantile Hemangioma and Congenital Hemangioma
		Cherry Angioma
		Glomus Tumor
		Tufted Angioma
		Hobnail Hemangioma/Targetoid Hemosiderotic Hemangioma
		Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
		Kaposi’s Sarcoma
		Angiosarcoma
	Malformations (See Chapter 85)
		Glomuvenous Malformation (Previously Referred to as Glomangioma)
	Reactive Proliferations
		Pyogenic Granuloma
		Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia  with Eosinophilia
		Glomeruloid Hemangioma
		Reactive Angioendotheliomatosis
		Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis
95 Common Soft Tissue Tumors/Proliferations
	Neural/Neuroendocrine
		Neurofibroma
		Schwannoma/Neurilemmoma
		Granular Cell Tumor
		Traumatic Neuroma
		Merkel Cell Carcinoma
	Fibrous/Fibrohistiocytic
		Skin Tag (Acrochordon, Fibroepithelial Polyp, Soft Fibroma)
		Angiofibroma (Fibrous Papule)
		Pearly Penile Papules
		Dermatofibroma
		Acral Fibrokeratoma
		Sclerotic Fibroma
		Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
		Nodular Fasciitis
		Connective Tissue Nevus
		Infantile Digital Fibroma
		Infantile Myofibromatosis
		Fibromatoses
	Muscle/Adipose
		Leiomyoma
		Smooth Muscle Hamartoma
		Lipoma
		Angiolipoma
		Nevus Lipomatosus
	Soft Tissue Sarcomas  (See Table 95.1)
96 Mastocytosis
	Clinical Features of Cutaneous Mastocytosis
		Mastocytomas (Solitary or Multiple)
		Urticaria Pigmentosa (UP; Maculopapular or Plaque-Type Cutaneous Mastocytosis)
		Diffuse Cutaneous Mastocytosis
		Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans (TMEP)
	Systemic Manifestations of Mastocytosis
	Evaluation and Treatment
97 B-Cell Lymphomas of the Skin
	General
	PCBCL
	Plasma Cell Dyscrasias, Including Multiple Myeloma
98 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
	Mycosis Fungoides (MF)
	Sézary Syndrome (SS)
99 Other Lymphoproliferative and Myeloproliferative Diseases
	Benign Lymphoctic Infiltrates
		Lymphocytic Infiltrate of Jessner
		Cutaneous Lymphoid Hyperplasia (CLH); also known as ‘Pseudolymphoma’ or ‘Lymphocytoma Cutis’
		Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
	Malignant Hematopoietic Infiltrates
		Leukemia Cutis
		Hodgkin Disease (HD; Hodgkin Lymphoma)
		Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL)
		Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis (LYG)
100 Cutaneous Metastases
	Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
	Alopecia Neoplastica
	Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Appendix
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z