Der Antrieb von morgen 2021: Gemeinsam mit Grid Integration + Electrified Mobility

Vorwort
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Autorenverzeichnis
1 LCA of a battery electric vehicle using renewable electricity in the entire supply chain
	1 Introduction
	2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) for BEV
		2.1 Goal and scope definition
		2.2 System boundaries
		2.3 Considered processes for foreground systems
		2.4 Considered background databases
	3 GHG emissions and electricity demand for BEV
		3.1 Results with background database ecoinvent 3.7
		3.2 Results with modified background databases
	4 Conclusions
	References
2 Life cycle assessment of battery versus fuel cell in e-vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Drivers for environmentally friendly powertrains
	3 Complexity of life cycle assessments
	4 Statistics of the new registrations of BEV / FCEV in Germany
	5 Comparison of batteries and fuel cells in e-vehicles
	6 Summary
	References
3 Both effective and efficient: Potential of variable Valve Train Systems for Heavy Duty Diesel engines to meet future Ultra Low NOx emission requirements
	1 Introduction and Motivation
	2 Fundamentals of Exhaust Gas Thermal Management (EGTM)
		2.1 Conventional EGTM measures
		2.2 Advanced EGTM measures
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Test engine and vehicle
		3.2 1D Gas Exchange Simulation
		3.3 Valve lift curve setup for EGTM
		3.4 Analysis of representative specific load points / operating points (OP)
	4 Hardware design and layout of Schaeffler’s electro-mechanical switchable rocker arm valve train system for HD applications
	5 Simulation results
		5.1 Potential of conventional measures for EATS
		5.2 Potential of advanced measures for EATS
		5.3 Summary of stationary results
		5.4 Estimation of driving cycle BSFC impact
	6 Concluding remarks and outlook
	References
	abbreviation list
4 Holistic Engine and EAT Emission Concept Development for future low-emission CV engines
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Overview of future legislations regarding heavy duty, on-road engines
		1.2 Motivation of holistic model-based development
	2 Validation of the baseline engine and EAT models
		2.1 Engine model
		2.2 Baseline exhaust aftertreatment model
	3 Investigations on cold-start HD FTP cycle
		3.1 Variation of engine calibration using the baseline and the dual-stage SCR EAT layout
		3.2 Definition and potentials of a high efficiency engine concept
	4 Investigations on warm-start HD FTP cycle
	5 Summary and outlook
	References
5 Holistic approach for the development towards a CO2- neutral powertrain for HD applications
	1 Introduction
	2 CO2 emission reduction
	3 CO2 emission reduction by fleet optimization
	4 CO2 emission reduction by non-fossil energy carriers
		4.1 Hydrogen
		4.2 Methanol
		4.3 Drop-in diesel fuels
	5 Summary and Conclusion
	References
6 Potential of the methanol-powered SI engine in the hybrid powertrain: A simulative investigation
	1 Introduction and Motivation
	2 Methodology
	3 Simulation model approaches and optimization methodology
		3.1 Full vehicle model
		3.2 Engine model
		3.3 Optimization methodology
	4 Internal Combustion Engine Models
		4.1 High Efficiency Engine
		4.2 Methanol Engine
		4.3 Lean Methanol Engine
	5 Engine assessment and vehicle efficiency results
	6 Summary
	References
7 Model-based development of alternative propulsions for HD off-highway applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Heavy-duty off highway applications: Medium size excavator and wheel loader
		2.1 Comparison between diesel and multiple hybrid architectures
		2.2 Off-highway working cycles
	3 Simulation methodology
		3.1 Engine model
		3.2 Battery and e-component models
		3.3 Powertrain model
	4 Evaluation and Discussion
		4.1 Functionality
		4.2 Analysis
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Outlook
	References
8 Innovative fuel cell system for medium-size segment
	1 Introduction
	2 Technical approach
		2.1 General
		2.2 Powertrain topology and stack optimization
	3 Methodical approach
		3.1 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Simulation Framework
		3.2 Boundary conditions for vehicle assessment
	4 Concept LEAN FC Powertrain
		4.1 Concept description
		4.2 Performance, range and consumption
		4.3 Long-range capability – comparison to a battery electric vehicle
		4.4 Cost analysis powertrain – comparison BEV vs. LEAN-FC
	5 Conclusion
	References
9 Fuel Cell Propulsion System Layout
	1 Introduction
	2 Fuel Cell Propulsion System Development Process
		2.1 Fuel Cell System Specification
		2.2 Fuel Cell Component Specification Submodel
		2.3 Thermal Management Submodel
	3 Exemplary modeling of different fuel cell vehicles and operating strategies
		3.1 Light commercial vehicle (LCV)
		3.2 Heavy duty truck tractor
	4 Summary & Outlook
	Acknowledgement
	References
10 Cost-oriented optimization of fuel cell peripherals for use in heavy commercial vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Heavy duty powertrain requirements 2030+
	3 System simulation
	4 Optimization of validation requirements
	5 Fuel Cell specific MAHLE Portfolio
		5.1 Thermal Management
		5.2 Air Management
		5.3 Hydrogen Pressure Vessel
		5.4 Electronics
	6 Summary
	References
11 A Systems Engineering Approach to Electromagnetic Compatibility
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art and Motivation
		2.1 Development of Electromagnetic Compatible Systems
		2.2 Systems Engineering
		2.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility in Systems Engineering
	3 Electromagnetic Compatibility in Systems Engineering
		3.1 Business or Mission Analysis
		3.2 Stakeholder Needs and Requirements Definition
		3.3 System Requirements Definition
		3.4 Architecture Definition
		3.5 Design Definition
		3.6 System Analysis
		3.7 Implementation
		3.8 Integration
		3.9 Verification
		3.10 Validation
		3.11 Transition
		3.12 Operation and Maintenance
		3.13 Disposal
		3.14 Electromagnetic Compatibility Case
	4 Conclusion and future work
	References
12 Challenges in battery development – FEV’s design and
validation concept
	1 Methodology
	2 Legislative Situation / Requirements
	3 Base Design
	4 Simulation
		4.1 Model Setup
		4.2 Results and Discussion
	5 Validation
		5.1 Model parametrization and validation
		5.2 Thermal runaway trigger methods in general
		5.3 Battery testing at eDLP
		5.4 Execution of thermal propagation tests
	6 Summary
	References
13 Challenges and new methodologies for battery develop-ment starting at cell level
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Significance of battery systems for electric vehicles
		1.2 Components of a battery system for electric vehicles
	2 Challenges for battery system development
	3 Battery development process and methods
		3.1 Swelling analysis
		3.2 Thermal analysis
		3.3 Aging analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
14 Grid Integration in the Context of Public Transport Electrification
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrification strategies
	3 Grid integration – public transport
		3.1 Depot charging
		3.2 Opportunity charging
	4 Grid integration – other sectors
	5 Summary
	References
15 Learnings from international charging test drives and es-tablishing of an unified charging performance index
	1 Introduction
	2 Worldwide test drives by P3
	3 Discussion of the definition of charging power
		3.1 Measurement of charging power
		3.2 Charging power as time needed for recharging
		3.3 The current discussion is based on charging power
		3.4 Charging power as recharged range
	4 The development of the P3 Charging Index
		4.1 Evaluation and outlook
	5 Conclusion
	References
16 An analysis of the legal framework in the EU for placing charging systems on the market.
	I. The EU and E-Mobility – The Low – emission mobility strategy
	II. Legal Framework
	III. European Safety Concept
	IV. Relevant economic operators
	V. Responsibilities of the economic operators
	VI. Guidelines for the implementation of product safety
	VII. Decisive point in time for product conformity.
	VIII. Regulatory consequences of non-compliance
	IX. Possibilities to reduce product safety liability risks
	X. Product Liablity
	XI. Reduction of civil liability risks
	XII. Summary
17 Vehicle-to-Grid: Quo vadis? Readiness check of thetechnology landscape for integrating electric vehicles intothe smart grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Target charging use cases and scenario description for Vehicle-to-Grid applications
	3 Status quo of charging infrastructure ecosystem and technical requirements for implementation of V2G scenarios
		3.1 “Vehicle-to-Home”
		3.2 “Vehicle-to-Business”
		3.3 Status Quo “Vehicle-to-Grid” Scenario
		3.4 Main technical requirements for V2G implementation
	4 Technical readiness check of system interfaces for technical implementation of V2G scenarios
		4.1 Technical readiness check of “scenario-generic system interface”
		4.2 Technical readiness check of “scenario-specific system interfaces”
	5 Summary and outlook
18 Energy and Automotive
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Energy production
		1.3 Energy transition – electric vehicle
	2 Expansion of power grids
		2.1 Need of energy for charging electric vehicles
		2.2 Grid expansion - investments
	3 Implementation of intelligent load management
		3.1 Load management
		3.2 Optimizing charging strategies
		3.3 E-Mobility system concept
		3.4 Smart charging data
	4 Conclusion
	References
19 Grid-friendly integration of charging infrastructure into an urban power distribution network
	1 Background and goals
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Grid-friendly control of charging infrastructures
		1.3 Target Picture
	2 Project “ELBE” - centralised control
		2.1 Digitalisation of the distribution grid
		2.2 Communication concept
		2.3 SMGW – secure charging, control and billing
		2.4 Outlook
	3 Project “Digitales Ortsnetz” – decentralised control
		3.1 Technical concept
		3.2 Outlook
	4 Further projects
		4.1 Project “DEOP Hanseflex and Microgrids”
		4.2 Project “eFLUSS”
	5 Conclusion
	References