Dental Ceramics: Fracture Mechanics and Engineering Design

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1: Introduction
2: Chemistry and Microstructure
	2.1	 Aluminosilicates
	2.2	 Lithium-Based Glass-Ceramics
		2.2.1	 Compositional Variations
		2.2.2	 Nucleation and Crystallization Kinetics
		2.2.3	 Mechanical Properties
	2.3	 Zirconium Dioxide
		2.3.1	 Zirconia Powders and Partial Sintering
		2.3.2	 Phase Diagram and Crystal Polymorphs
		2.3.3	 Translucent Zirconias
		2.3.4	 Mechanical Properties
		2.3.5	 Veneered-Zirconia Bilayers
		2.3.6	 Low-Temperature Degradation
	2.4	 Hybrid Ceramics
	References
3: The Mechanics of Fracture in Dental Ceramics
	3.1	 The Strength Concept
		3.1.1	 The Size Effect on Strength
		3.1.2	 Testing
	3.2	 The Fracture Toughness Concept
		3.2.1	 Principles
		3.2.2	 Testing
	3.3	 R-Curve Behavior
		3.3.1	 Shielding Mechanisms
	3.4	 Subcritical Crack Growth
		3.4.1	 Testing
			3.4.1.1	 Static Tests
			3.4.1.2	 Dynamic Tests
			3.4.1.3	 Cyclic Tests
		3.4.2	 The Effect of R-Curve
	References
4: Destruction Guides Construction
	4.1	 Destruction: Experimental Proof and Clinical Reality
		4.1.1	 Examples: Lab Versus Clinical
	4.2	 Fractography as a Bridging Tool
		4.2.1	 A Brief Introduction to Fractographic Methods
		4.2.2	 Fractography of Lab Specimens
			4.2.2.1	 Principal Fracture Markings
			4.2.2.2	 Quantitative Fractography
		4.2.3	 Fractography of Clinical Specimens
			4.2.3.1	 Fracture Types and Examples
			4.2.3.2	 Classification of Fracture Types
			4.2.3.3	 The Dental Replica Technique
	References
5: Construction Prevents Destruction
	5.1	 Clinical Boundaries
		5.1.1	 Oral Physiology
		5.1.2	 Occlusion and Load Transfer
		5.1.3	 Compliance of Oral Structures
	5.2	 Engineering Basics
		5.2.1	 Principal Loading Directions
		5.2.2	 “Thinking Tools After Nature” © by Prof. Mattheck
			5.2.2.1	 The Method of Shear Squares (MSS)
			5.2.2.2	 The Method of Tensile Triangles (MTT)
			5.2.2.3	 The Biomimetic Principle of Whirl Toughening
			5.2.2.4	 Thinking Tools and the Natural Tooth
	5.3	 Applied Construction and Design
		5.3.1	 The Surface
		5.3.2	 The Angles
		5.3.3	 The Margins
		5.3.4	 The Crown
		5.3.5	 The Bridge
		5.3.6	 The Implant
	References
Correction to: Construction Prevents Destruction
	Correction to: Chapter 5 in: U. Lohbauer and R. Belli, Dental Ceramics https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94687-6_5