Delmar's Standard Textbook of Electricity

Cover
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Section 1: Safety, Basic Electricity, and Ohm\'s Law
	Safety Overview
		S-1 General Safety Rules
		S-2 Effects of Electric Current on the Body
		S-3 On the Job
		S-4 Protective Clothing
		S-5 Ladders and Scaffolds
		S-6 Fires
		S-7 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters
		S-8 Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs)
		S-9 Grounding
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 1: Atomic Structure
		1-1 Early History of Electricity
		1-2 Atoms
		1-3 The Law of Charges
		1-4 Structure of the Atom
		1-5 Electron Orbits
		1-6 Valence Electrons
		1-7 The Bump Theory
		1-8 Power Sources
		1-9 Insulators
		1-10 Semiconductors
		1-11 Molecules
		1-12 Methods of Producing Electricity
		1-13 Electrical Effects
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 2: Electrical Quantities and Ohm\'s Law
		2-1 The Coulomb
		2-2 The Ampere
		2-3 The Electron Flow Theory
		2-4 The Conventional Current Flow Theory
		2-5 Speed of Current
		2-6 Basic Electric Circuits
		2-7 The Volt
		2-8 The Ohm
		2-9 The Watt
		2-10 Other Measures of Power
		2-11 Ohm\'s Law
		2-12 Metric Prefixes
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 3: Static Electricity
		3-1 Static Electricity
		3-2 Charging an Object
		3-3 The Electroscope
		3-4 Static Electricity in Nature
		3-5 Nuisance Static Charges
		3-6 Useful Static Charges
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 4: Magnetism
		4-1 The Earth Is a Magnet
		4-2 Permanent Magnets
		4-3 The Electron Theory of Magnetism
		4-4 Magnetic Materials
		4-5 Magnetic Lines of Force
		4-6 Electromagnetics
		4-7 Magnetic Measurement
		4-8 Magnetic Polarity
		4-9 Demagnetizing
		4-10 Magnetic Devices
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 5: Resistors
		5-1 Uses of Resistors
		5-2 Fixed Resistors
		5-3 Color Code
		5-4 Standard Resistance Values of Fixed Resistors
		5-5 Power Ratings
		5-6 Variable Resistors
		5-7 Schematic Symbols
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 2: Basic Electric Circuits
	Unit 6: Series Circuits
		6-1 Series Circuits
		6-2 Voltage Drops in a Series Circuit
		6-3 Resistance in a Series Circuit
		6-4 Calculating Series Circuit Values
		6-5 Solving Circuits
		6-6 Voltage Dividers
		6-7 The General Voltage Divider Formula
		6-8 Voltage Polarity
		6-9 Using Ground as a Reference
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 7: Parallel Circuits
		7-1 Parallel Circuit Values
		7-2 Parallel Resistance Formulas
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 8: Combination Circuits
		8-1 Combination Circuits
		8-2 Solving Combination Circuits
		8-3 Simplifying the Circuit
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 3: Meters and Wire Sizes
	Unit 9: Measuring Instruments
		9-1 Analog Meters
		9-2 The Voltmeter
		9-3 Multirange Voltmeters
		9-4 Reading a Meter
		9-5 The Ammeter
		9-6 Ammeter Shunts
		9-7 Multirange Ammeters
		9-8 The Ayrton Shunt
		9-9 AC Ammeters
		9-10 Clamp-On Ammeters
		9-11 DC-AC Clamp-On Ammeters
		9-12 The Ohmmeter
		9-13 Shunt-Type Ohmmeters
		9-14 Digital Meters
		9-15 The Low-Impedance Voltage Tester
		9-16 The Oscilloscope
		9-17 The Wattmeter
		9-18 Recording Meters
		9-19 Bridge Circuits
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 10: Using Wire Tables and Determining Conductor Sizes
		10-1 The American Wire Gauge (AWG)
		10-2 Using the NEC Charts
		10-3 Factors That Determine Ampacity
		10-4 Correction Factors
		10-5 Calculating Conductor Sizes and Resistance
		10-6 Calculating Voltage Drop
		10-7 Parallel Conductors
		10-8 Testing Wire Installations
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 4: Small Sources of Electricity
	Unit 11: Conduction in Liquids and Gases
		11-1 The Ionization Process: Magnesium and Chlorine
		11-2 Other Types of Ions
		11-3 Electroplating
		11-4 Electrolysis
		11-5 Conduction in Gases
		11-6 Ionization in Nature
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 12: Batteries and Other Sources of Electricity
		12-1 History of the Battery
		12-2 Cells
		12-3 Cell Voltage
		12-4 Primary Cells
		12-5 Secondary Cells: Lead-Acid Batteries
		12-6 Other Secondary Cells
		12-7 Series and Parallel Battery Connections
		12-8 Other Small Sources of Electricity
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 13: Magnetic Induction
		13-1 Electromagnetic Induction
		13-2 Fleming\'s Left-Hand Generator Rule
		13-3 Moving Magnetic Fields
		13-4 Determining the Amount of Induced Voltage
		13-5 Lenz\'s Law
		13-6 Rise Time of Current in an Inductor
		13-7 The Exponential Curve
		13-8 Inductance
		13-9 R-L Time Constants
		13-10 Induced Voltage Spikes
		Summary
		Review Questions
Section 5: Basics of Alternating Current
	Unit 14: Basic Trigonometry and Vectors
		14-1 Right Triangles
		14-2 The Pythagorean Theorem
		14-3 Sines, Cosines, and Tangents
		14-4 Formulas
		14-5 Practical Application
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 15: Alternating Current
		15-1 Advantages of AC
		15-2 AC Waveforms
		15-3 Sine Wave Values
		15-4 Resistive Loads
		15-5 Power in an AC Circuit
		15-6 Skin Effect in AC Circuits
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 6: Alternating Current (AC) Circuits Containing Inductance
	Unit 16: Inductance in AC Circuits
		16-1 Inductance
		16-2 Inductive Reactance
		16-3 Schematic Symbols
		16-4 Inductors Connected in Series
		16-5 Inductors Connected in Parallel
		16-6 Voltage and Current Relationships in an Inductive Circuit
		16-7 Power in an Inductive Circuit
		16-8 Reactive Power
		16-9 Q of an Inductor
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 17: Resistive-Inductive Series Circuits
		17-1 R-L Series Circuits
		17-2 Impedance
		17-3 Total Current
		17-4 Voltage Drop across the Resistor
		17-5 Watts
		17-6 Calculating the Inductance
		17-7 Voltage Drop across the Inductor
		17-8 Total Voltage
		17-9 Calculating the Reactive Power
		17-10 Calculating the Apparent Power
		17-11 Power Factor
		17-12 Angle Theta
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 18: Resistive-Inductive Parallel Circuits
		18-1 Resistive-Inductive Parallel Circuits
		18-2 Calculating Circuit Values
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 7: AC Circuits Containing Capacitors
	Unit 19: Capacitors
		19-1 Capacitors
		19-2 Electrostatic Charge
		19-3 Dielectric Constant
		19-4 Capacitor Ratings
		19-5 Capacitors Connected in Parallel
		19-6 Capacitors Connected in Series
		19-7 Capacitive Charge and Discharge Rates
		19-8 RC Time Constants
		19-9 Applications for Capacitors
		19-10 Nonpolarized Capacitors
		19-11 Polarized Capacitors
		19-12 Variable Capacitors
		19-13 Capacitor Markings
		19-14 Temperature Coefficients
		19-15 Ceramic Capacitors
		19-16 Dipped Tantalum Capacitors
		19-17 Film Capacitors
		19-18 Testing Capacitors
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 20: Capacitance in AC Circuits
		20-1 Connecting the Capacitor into an AC Circuit
		20-2 Capacitive Reactance
		20-3 Calculating Capacitance
		20-4 Voltage and Current Relationships in a Pure Capacitive Circuit
		20-5 Power in a Pure Capacitive Circuit
		20-6 Quality of a Capacitor
		20-7 Capacitor Voltage Rating
		20-8 Effects of Frequency in a Capacitive Circuit
		20-9 Series Capacitors
		20-10 Parallel Capacitors
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 21: Resistive-Capacitive Series Circuits
		21-1 Resistive-Capacitive Series Circuits
		21-2 Impedance
		21-3 Total Current
		21-4 Voltage Drop across the Resistor
		21-5 True Power
		21-6 Capacitance
		21-7 Voltage Drop across the Capacitor
		21-8 Total Voltage
		21-9 Reactive Power
		21-10 Apparent Power
		21-11 Power Factor
		21-12 Angle Theta
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 22: Resistive-Capacitive Parallel Circuits
		22-1 Operation of RC Parallel Circuits
		22-2 Calculating Circuit Values
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 8: AC Circuits Containing Resistance-Inductance-Capacitance
	Unit 23: Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive Series Circuits
		23-1 RLC Series Circuits
		23-2 Series Resonant Circuits
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 24: Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive Parallel Circuits
		24-1 RLC Parallel Circuits
		24-2 Parallel Resonant Circuits
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 25: Surge, Spike, and Lightning Protection
		25-1 Surges and Spikes
		25-2 Capacitors
		25-3 Capacitor Charge Rate
		25-4 Inductors
		25-5 Isolation Transformers
		25-6 Electrical Noise
		25-7 Metal-Oxide Varistor (MOV)
		25-8 Thermal Fuses
		25-9 Surge Protector Ratings
		25-10 Lightning Arresters
		Summary
		Review Questions
Section 9: Three-Phase Power
	Unit 26: Three-Phase Circuits
		26-1 Three-Phase Circuits
		26-2 Wye Connections
		26-3 Delta Connections
		26-4 Three-Phase Power
		26-5 Watts and VARs
		26-6 Three-Phase Circuit Calculations
		26-7 Load 3 Calculations
		26-8 Load 2 Calculations
		26-9 Load 1 Calculations
		26-10 Alternator Calculations
		26-11 Power Factor Correction
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 10: Transformers
	Unit 27: Single-Phase Transformers
		27-1 Single-Phase Transformers
		27-2 Isolation Transformers
		27-3 Autotransformers
		27-4 Transformer Polarities
		27-5 Voltage and Current Relationships in a Transformer
		27-6 Testing the Transformer
		27-7 Transformer Nameplates
		27-8 Determining Maximum Current
		27-9 Transformer Impedance
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 28: Three-Phase Transformers
		28-1 Three-Phase Transformers
		28-2 Closing a Delta
		28-3 Three-Phase Transformer Calculations
		28-4 Open-Delta Connection
		28-5 Single-Phase Loads
		28-6 Closed Delta with Center Tap
		28-7 Closed Delta without Center Tap
		28-8 Delta-Wye Connection with Neutral
		28-9 T-Connected Transformers
		28-10 Scott Connection
		28-11 Zig-Zag Connection
		28-12 Six-Phase Transformer Connections
		28-13 The Double-Delta Connection
		28-14 The Double-Wye Connection
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
Section 11: DC Machines
	Unit 29: DC Generators
		29-1 What Is a Generator?
		29-2 Armature Windings
		29-3 Brushes
		29-4 Pole Pieces
		29-5 Field Windings
		29-6 Series Generators
		29-7 Shunt Generators
		29-8 Compound Generators
		29-9 Compounding
		29-10 Countertorque
		29-11 Armature Reaction
		29-12 Setting the Neutral Plane
		29-13 Paralleling Generators
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 30: DC Motors
		30-1 DC Motor Principles
		30-2 Shunt Motors
		30-3 Series Motors
		30-4 Compound Motors
		30-5 Terminal Identification for DC Motors
		30-6 Determining the Direction of Rotation of a DC Motor
		30-7 Speed Control
		30-8 The Field-Loss Relay
		30-9 Horsepower
		30-10 Brushless DC Motors
		30-11 Converters
		30-12 Permanent Magnet Motors
		30-13 The Right-Hand Motor Rule
		Summary
		Review Questions
Section 12: AC Machines
	Unit 31: Three-Phase Alternators
		31-1 Three-Phase Alternators
		31-2 The Rotor
		31-3 The Brushless Exciter
		31-4 Alternator Cooling
		31-5 Frequency
		31-6 Output Voltage
		31-7 Paralleling Alternators
		31-8 Sharing the Load
		31-9 Field-Discharge Protection
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 32: Three-Phase Motors
		32-1 Three-Phase Motors
		32-2 The Rotating Magnetic Field
		32-3 Connecting Dual-Voltage Three-Phase Motors
		32-4 Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors
		32-5 Wound-Rotor Induction Motors
		32-6 Synchronous Motors
		32-7 Selsyn Motors
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 33: Single-Phase Motors
		33-1 Single-Phase Motors
		33-2 Split-Phase Motors
		33-3 Resistance-Start Induction-Run Motors
		33-4 Capacitor-Start Induction-Run Motors
		33-5 Dual-Voltage Split-Phase Motors
		33-6 Determining the Direction of Rotation for Split-Phase Motors
		33-7 Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run, or Permanent Split Capacitor, Motors
		33-8 Shaded-Pole Induction Motors
		33-9 Multispeed Motors
		33-10 Repulsion-Type Motors
		33-11 Construction of Repulsion Motors
		33-12 Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motors
		33-13 Repulsion-Induction Motors
		33-14 Single-Phase Synchronous Motors
		33-15 Stepping Motors
		33-16 Universal Motors
		Summary
		Review Questions
	Unit 34: Motor Installation
		34-1 Motor Full-Load Current
		34-2 Single-Phase AC Motors
		34-3 Three-Phase Motors
		34-4 Determining Conductor Size for a Single Motor
		34-5 Termination Temperature
		34-6 Overloads
		34-7 Sizing Overload Heaters for Large Motors
		34-8 Motor Starter Size
		34-9 Short-Circuit Protection
		34-10 Multiple Motor Calculations
		Summary
		Review Questions
		Practice Problems
	Unit 35: Harmonics
		35-1 What Are Harmonics?
		Summary
		Review Questions
Appendix A: Identifying the Leads of a Three-Phase, Wye-Connected, Dual-Voltage Motor
Appendix B: AC Formulas
Appendix C: Greek Alphabet
Appendix D: Metals
Appendix E: Scientific Notation
Appendix F: Answers to Practice Problems
Glossary
Index