Deindustrialisation in Twentieth-Century Europe: The Northwest of Italy and the Ruhr Region in Comparison

Series Editors’ Preface
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 The Unmaking of Industrial Landscapes: The North-Western Italian Industrial Triangle and the Ruhr Region in Germany
	Deindustralization Studies—Developments, Agendas and Theoretical Perspectives in a Transdisciplinary Field of Studies
	Comparative Perspectives on Deindustrialization Process in the North West of Italy and the Ruhr Region in Germany
	Conclusion: The Future of Two Iconic Industrial Landscapes in Europe
	References
Part I Introducing Industrial Landscapes
2 The Industrial Cultural Landscape of the Ruhr: Its Structures and Perspectives
	Introduction
	The Spatial Development of the Cultural Industrial Landscape
		Pre-industrial and Early Industrial Foundations
		The Industrial Setup (1840–1869)
		The Industrial Expansion and the Setting of Early Urban Infrastructure (1870–1918)
		The Industrial Consolidation and the Beginning of Urban and Regional Planning (1919–1945)
		The Economic Reconstruction and Urban Reproduction (1947–c. 1960)
		The Deindustrialization of the Coal Mining and Iron and Steel Industries (1957/1958–2018)
	The Industrial Cultural Landscape of the Ruhr
	Structural Changes
		Reducing Functional Deficits, Urban Repairs (c. 1965–…)
		Urban and Regional Conversion and Innovation (1989–…)
	The Industrial Cultural Landscape—Perspectives
	References
3 The North West of Italy
	References
Part II Living Deindustrialization—Lifeworlds of Deindustrialization
4 The People’s Memories? Oral Histories of Industry in the Deindustrializing Ruhr
	Cultural Activists And Oral Historians Encountering Change From The 1960s to 1980s
	Industrial Heritage as Outlet for Collective Memory?
	The ‘Mainstreaming’ of Industrial Heritage and the Return of a History from Below
	Conclusion: (De-)Industrial Memories then and Now
	References
5 ‘The Master Director of All This is Time’: An Oral History Project in Sesto San Giovanni
	Introductory Remarks
	Proximity to Milan, a Double Edged Sword
	What Has This to Do with Deindustrialization?
	The Research Project
	Oral History: Two Criticisms, a Necessary Digression
	Public History: Three Ways of Being Public
	‘A Postponed Perception of the Present’
	A New ‘Deindustrial’ Structure of Feeling
	Conclusion
	References
Part III Managing Economic Decline
6 Which Endogenous Potential and Which Exogenous Aids Promote the Management of Structural Change in the Region? Experiences from the Ruhr Area
	Introduction
	History
	Laissez-Faire Attitudes and Crisis Management in the Early Mining Crisis 1958–1966/7
	Failure of Crisis Management and New Policies
	Efforts in Structural and Regional Policies Since the 1960s
	Regional Structural Policy for the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia: A Learning Process
	Integrated Measures in the Multi-Level System
	Regional Governance
	Conclusion: Lessons Learned
	References
7 The Deindustrialization of Genoa: Resistance and the Search for a New Identity
	Features and Decline of an Industrial City
	Responding to the Crisis
	Some Concluding Remarks
	References
Part IV Labor Relations Under Conditions of Deindustrialization
8 Forms of Glocalization: Economic Globalization and Political Regulation. The Role of Labor Relations in the Process of Economic Restructuring in the Ruhr Area
	Theoretical Approaches: Globalization—Labor Relations—Power Resource Theory
	Strong Power Resources: The Regulation of the Coal Mining industry’s Decline
	Weak Power Resources: The Shut Down of the Automobile Plant in the Ruhr Valley
	Conclusions and a View into Future Developments
	References
9 The Role of Labor Relations in the Process of Deindustrialization in Italy’s Northwest
	Introduction
	The “Italian Way” Toward Deindustralization
	Trade Unions in the Wake of Restructurings
	Northwest Metamorphosis
	Labor Relations in a Context of Industrial Decline
	The “Industrial Triangle” in the 1980s
	A Blurred Transition
	Conclusion
	References
Part V Urban Developments Under Conditions of Deindustrialization
10 Urban Development Under Conditions of Deindustrialization. Approaches from the Ruhr Region in Germany
	Introduction
	Historical Context and Challenges of the Ruhr Region
		Historical Developments
		Planning Challenges and Opportunities
	Approaches to Restructuring and Urban Redevelopment
		Economic Interventions, Education and Public Private Partnerships
		Addressing Liveability, Environmental Quality and Image
	Beyond IBA Emscher Park: Emerging Planning Approaches Toward a Polycentric and Sustainable Region
		Strengthening the Regional Infrastructure
		Densification of Urban and Suburban Centers
		Districts as Innovation Hubs
		Urban Planning for Social Justice and Cohesion
		Space for Experiments
	Summary and Conclusions
	References
11 Milan, the Story of an Urban Metamorphosis
	Introduction
	The Eclipse of Industrial Milan
	A New and Different Milan
	Factory Shutdowns and Urban Renewal
	Provisional Closing Remarks
	References
12 Deindustrialization in Turin and the Role of Local Government for Economic and Urban Change
	Introduction
	The Most Fordist Town of Italy, the Industrial Decline and its Administration
	The Recovery from Decline and the Perspective of a New Internationally Competitive City
		The Strategic Plan of the City: International City Marketing and a Social Pact
		A Self-Representation of Success and the Role of an Economy of Culture and of Urbanism
		The Path Dependent Innovation of the Local Economy Versus the Knowledge Economy Model of UE
	The Crisis of 2008 and Its Aftermaths: The Limits of Local Resilience
		Change of Local Government, Lack of Public Expenses, Dismissal of the Urban Contract
	Uncertain Perspectives of a New Model: The Search for Postgrowth After Deindustrialization
	Conclusion—Hints for a Comparison with Milano, Genova, Ruhr: Lessons from and for Torino
	References
Part VI Environmental Developments Under Conditions of Deindustrialization
13 Layers of New Green: Postindustrial Landscapes and Identity Formation in the Ruhr Valley, Germany
	Introduction: Landscape and Regional Identities
	Industrial Nature and the Production of Postindustrial Landscapes
	Duisburg North Landscape Park—A Landscape Between Industrial Heritage, Nature and Light Display
		Harmonizing Region and Environment
		Aestheticizing the New Green
	Zollverein Park and World Heritage Zeche zollverein—“The Gateway to the Ruhr Valley”
		Harmonizing Region and Environment at Zollverein
		Postmodern Art and the New Green
	Conclusions
	References
14 Πάντα ῥεῖ (Panta Rhei, Everything Flows): Greening Industry’s Rivers and the Making of New Landscapes in Turin
	Introduction
	The Industrial Region: Representations and Simplifications
	From Industrial to Post-Industrial Landscape
	Industrial Crisis, Territorial Crisis
	The Forgotten Environment
		The Discovery of Risk and Environmental Crisis
		Black Holes of Industrial Legacy: The Contaminated Sites
	The Industrial City Turns Green: Rehabilitated Post-Industrial Landscapes in Turin
		The Dora Park and the Iron Valley
		Stura Lowlands
		Mirafiori Sud and the Sangone River
	Final Remarks
	References
Part VII Cultures of Deindustrialization
15 Re-using Industrial Sites in the Ruhr: Agendas and Developments
	Introduction
	The Beginnings of Heritagization and the Formation of Heritage Actors
	Re-using Industrial Space: The Gasometer in Oberhausen
	Re-using Industrial Space: The Landscape Park in Duisburg
	Re-using Industrial Space: The Zollverein Mining Site
	Conclusion
	References
16 Reusing Former Industrial Areas in the North-West of Italy
	Introduction
	Paths of the Deindustrialization
	Reusing Heritage
	Former Industrial Sites as Urban Icons
	Crespi Village
	Ivrea Olivetti
		The Contemporary Cultural Reinvention of the Heritage Site
	Prada Foundation
	Officine Grandi Riparazioni
		The Missed Opportunity
	The Vulcano Site
	The Pasini Sale and the Decay of the Constructions
	The Commercial Heritage Mall
		The Abandoned Landscape
	The SNIA Varedo
	Milanese & Azzi Cement Industry
		The Sense of Heritage Valorization in Contemporary Urban Processes
	References
17 Toward the Comparative and Transnational Study of Deindustrialization
	References
Index