Deforming the Reform: The Impact of Elites on Romania’s Post-accession Europeanization

Author Notes
Acknowledgements
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
Chapter 1: Introduction: The European Paradox of Expecting Corrupt Political Elites to Lead the Fight Against Corruption
	1.1 The Limits of Europeanization
	1.2 The Eastern European Paradox
	1.3 The Structure of the Book
Chapter 2: Towards a Theory of De-Europeanization, an Elite-Based Approach
	2.1 Modelling De-Europeanization
		2.1.1 Defining De-Europeanization
		2.1.2 Overview of Europeanization Research
			Ups and Downs
			Top-Down Europeanization: The Misfit-Driven Reform
			Europeanization East: The Conditionality-Driven Reform
	2.2 An Elite-Based Approach
		2.2.1 The Political Elite: A Site of Legislative Power
		2.2.2 Elite Fragmentation
		2.2.3 Overlapping Interests Linking Elites and Nonelites
		2.2.4 Civil Society Bridging the Elite-Nonelite Gap
	2.3 Theorizing De-Europeanization
		2.3.1 The Proposed Theoretical Model
		2.3.2 Research Design
			Case Selection
			Operationalization and Methodology
				The Level of De-Europeanization
				The Elite´s Pursuit of Personal Interests
				The Fragmentation of the Political Elite
				The Strength of Civil Society
	2.4 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Fragmentation: A Trait of the Romanian Political Elite
	3.1 Recruitment Practices Maintaining an Impermeable and Disunited Elite
	3.2 Institutional Predispositions Towards Dissent
	3.3 The Lack of Solidarity and Value Consensus
	3.4 Elite Fragmentation and Romania´s EU Accession
Chapter 4: Romania´s Justice and Anti-Corruption Reform: A Stubborn Divergence from European Norms in Pursuit of Personal Gains
	4.1 The Development of Integrity Laws and the Corresponding Level of de-Europeanization
	4.2 The Elite´s Pursuit of Personal Interests
	4.3 The Weak Impact of Civil Society
Chapter 5: Romania´s Nature Conservation Reform: A Surprising Convergence with European Law in Response to Societal Concerns
	5.1 The Development of Nature Conservation Laws and the Corresponding Level of Europeanization
	5.2 The Elite´s Pursuit of Societal Interests
	5.3 The Strong Impact of Civil Society
Chapter 6: Conclusion: Civism Against Cynicism
	6.1 The Dynamics of De-Europeanization
		6.1.1 Theoretical Reflections
		6.1.2 Conceptual Discussion
		6.1.3 Limitations and Future Research
	6.2 Anchors of Europeanization
References