Deep-Dive Terraform on Azure: Automated Delivery and Deployment of Azure Solutions

Table of Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1: Infrastructure as Code
	Introduction to IaC
	Benefits of IaC
		Faster Release Cycles and High-Quality Delivery
		Process Dependency, Standardization, and Consistency
		Predictability and Idempotency
		Agility and State of Readiness
		Better Collaboration Between Dev and Operations
		Compliance to Organization Policies
		Enables Effective DevOps
	Terraform as a Means to IaC
	Summary
Chapter 2: Azure and Terraform
	Terraform Architecture
	Setting Up the Development Environment
		Creating a Subscription with the Azure Cloud
	How Terraform Works
	Introducing State
	Writing the First Terraform Configuration
	Applying a Terraform Configuration to Azure
		Initialize the Terraform Working Environment in a Folder Containing Configuration Files
		Validate the Configuration Files for Syntactical Validity and Consistency
		Reconcile the Local State with the Remote Cloud Infrastructure Using the Refresh Command
		Generate the Execution Plan to Check What Will Change in the Target Environment
		Apply the Configuration to the Target Environment Using the apply Command
	Terraform Authentication to Azure
		Authentication Using the Azure CLI
	List of Terraform Commands Used in This Chapter
	Summary
Chapter 3: Getting Started with Terraform
	Terraform Variables
	Understanding Terraform Datatypes
	Working with Lists
	Working with Maps
	Working with Objects
	Working with Sets
	Working with Tuples
	Providers
	Versioning
	Multiproviders
	Outputs
	State Management in Terraform
	Setting Up Remote State for Terraform Deployments
	Provision of Remote Azure Storage Infrastructure
	Configuring the azurerm Provider
	Configurations Using Remote State
	Terraform Files
	Code for variables.tf
	Code for versions.tf
	Code for providers.tf
	Code for locals.tf
	Code for main.tf
	Code for outputs.tf
	Code for values.tfvars
	Summary
Chapter 4: Deep-Dive into Terraform
	Base Configuration
	count
		Splatting
		terraform destroy
		count with List Variables
	Conditional Statements
	for_each
		Difference Between for_each and count
		for_each at the Property Level
		for Expressions (Input Map – Output Map)
		for Expressions (Input Map – Output List)
	String Templating
		String Interpolation
		String Directives
	Terraform Functions
	Provisioners
		local-exec
		Using local-exec in Terraform Configuration
		File Provisioner
		remote-exec
	Summary
Chapter 5: Terraform Modules
	Overview
	Why Do We Need Modules?
		Uniformity
		Reusability
		Applying Policies
	Structure of a Module
	Developing a Module
		Resource Group Module
		SQL Server Module
	Testing a Module
	Using a Module
	Publishing Module
	Nested Modules
	Module Best Practices
	Summary
Chapter 6: Writing Secure Scripts with Terraform
	Design-Time Considerations
	Runtime Considerations
	Terraform State File
		Store the State File at a Remote Location
		Encrypt the State File at Rest
		State File Access Using SSL/TLS
		Limited Access to the State File
	Terraform Variables
		Using the .tfvars File
		Using the -var Option
		Using Environment Variables
		Provider-Specific Environment Variables
	Terraform Logs
	Terraform CLI
	Secure Terraform Script Authoring
		Admin Activities
			Storing Secrets
			Executing Terraform Admin Script
		Utilizing Secrets for Remote State
			Utilizing Secrets in Applications
	Summary
Chapter 7: CI/CD with Terraform
	Creating the Sample Terraform Project
		Preparation
		Build Stages
	Release/Deployment Stages
	Summary
Chapter 8: Terraform Unit Testing
	Introduction to Unit Testing
	Application vs. Infrastructure Unit Testing
	Introduction to Terratest
	Writing the First Unit Test Using Terratest
		Testing Multiple Terraform Resources Generated Using count
		Testing Multiple Terraform Resources Generated Using for_each
	Working with Remote State
	Multiple Subtests Within a Test
	Parallel Execution
	Integration Tests
	Summary
Chapter 9: Terraform Best Practices
	General
	Input Variables
	Output Variables
	Local Variables
	Versioning
	Provider
	Provisioners
	Lifecycle
	Testing
	State Management
	Module
	Workspaces
	Authentication
	CI/CD Pipeline
	Summary
Index