Death Penalty Cases

Front-matter_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Front matter
Copyright_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Copyright
Dedication_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Dedication
Preface_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Preface
		Acknowledgments
Table-of-Cases_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Table of Cases
Chapter-1---Capital-Punishment-in-America_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Capital Punishment in America
		History
			Colonial Practice to the Mid-20th Century
			1950 to 1976
		The cruel and unusual punishments clause
		Arguments for and against capital punishment
			History
			State Power
			Religious Beliefs
				The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (Protestant)
				The Southern Baptist Convention (Protestant)
				The Roman Catholic Church
				Judaism
			Justifications of Punishment
				Retribution and Related Arguments
				Deterrence
				Incapacitation
				Rehabilitation
			Executing Innocents
			Fairness
				Racial Discrimination
				Selection Process
				Jurisdictional Differences
				Defense Resources
			Humaneness
			Cost
		Stages of a capital case
			Stage 1: Pretrial—Investigation, Charging, and Plea Bargaining
				A
				B
				C
				D
			Stage 2: Trial
				Jury Selection
				The Guilt/Innocence Phase
				The Penalty Phase
			Stage 3—Direct Appeal
			Stage 4—Certiorari Petition to the United States Supreme Court
			Stage 5—State Post-Conviction Remedy
			Stage 6—Federal Habeas Corpus
				Federal Death Sentence Review Procedures
			Stage 7—Executive Clemency
		Readings
			Chapter 1: Capital Punishment in America
				History
			The Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause
				Arguments for and against Capital Punishment
			Chapters 2, 3, and 4: The Furman, Gregg, and Woodson Cases
			Chapter 5: Mitigating Evidence
			Chapter 6: Racial Bias
			Chapters 7 and 11: Rape and Other Nonhomicide Crimes
			Chapter 8: Murder and Aggravating Factors
			Chapter 9: Felony-Murder
			Chapter 10: Mentally Retarded and Juveniles
			Chapter 12: Sentencing by Jury or Judge
			Chapter 13: Jury Selection
			Chapter 14: Victim Impact Evidence
			Chapter 15: The Sentencing Decision
			Chapter 16: Ineffective Counsel
			Chapter 17: Claims of Innocence
			Chapter 18: Executing the Insane
			Chapter 19: Method of Execution
Chapter-2---Cruel-and-Unusual-as-Applied-Furman-v--Geor_2011_Death-Penalty-C
	Cruel and Unusual as Applied—Furman v. Georgia (1972)
		Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 92 S. Ct. 2726, 33 L. Ed.2d 346 (1972)
		Per Curiam Opinion
		Concurring opinion of justice douglas
		Concurring opinion of justice brennan
		II
			III
		Concurring opinion of justice stewart
		Concurring opinion of justice white
		Concurring opinion of justice marshall
		III
			V
				A
				B
				C
				E
			VI
		Dissenting opinion of chief justice burger, joined by justices powell, blackmun, and rehnquist
		III
			IV
			V
		Dissenting opinion of justice powell, joined by chief justice burger and justices blackmun and rehnquist
		IV
			V
			VI
			VIII
Chapter-3---Not-Inherently-Unconstitutional-Gregg-v--Ge_2011_Death-Penalty-C
	Not Inherently Unconstitutional—Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
		Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 96 S. Ct. 2909, 49 L. Ed.2d 859 (1976)
		Opinion of Justice Stewart, Joined by justices Powell and Stevens
			I
			II
			III
			IV
				A
				B
			V
		Concurring opinion of justice white, joined by chief justice burger and justice rehnquist
		III
		Dissenting opinion of justice brennan
		Dissenting opinion of justice marshall
Chapter-4---Mandatory-Death-Penalty-Woodson-v--North-Ca_2011_Death-Penalty-C
	Mandatory Death Penalty—Woodson v. North Carolina (1976)
		Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280, 96 S. Ct. 2978, 
49 L. Ed.2d 944 (1976)
		Opinion of Justice Stewart, Joined by Justices Powell and Stevens
			I
			III
				A
				B
				C
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice White, Joined by Chief Justice Burger and Justice Rehnquist
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Rehnquist
			I
			II
			III
			IV
Chapter-5---Mitigating-Evidence-Lockett-v--Ohio--1978--an_2011_Death-Penalty
	Mitigating Evidence—Lockett  v. Ohio (1978) and Jurek  v. Texas (1976)
		Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586, 98 S. Ct. 2954, 57 L. Ed.2d 973 (1978)
		Opinion of Chief Justice Burger, Joined by Justices Stewart, Powell, and Stevens
		III
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice White
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Rehnquist
		I
			Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262, 96 S. Ct. 2950, 49 L. Ed.2d 929 (1976)
		Opinion of Justice Stevens, Joined by Justices Stewart and Powell
			I
			II
			III
				A
				B
			IV
		Concurring Opinion of Justice White, Joined by Chief Justice Burger and Justice Rehnquist
Chapter-6---Racial-Bias-McCleskey-v--Kemp--1987-_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Racial Bias—McCleskey v.  Kemp (1987)
		McClesky v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 279, 107 S. Ct. 1756, 95 L. Ed.2d 262 (1987)
		Opinion of Justice Powell for the Court
			I
			II
			III
			IV
			V
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Brennan, Joined by Justices Marshall, Blackmun, and Stevens
			II
			III
			IV
			V
Chapter-7---Rape-and-Other-Nonhomicide-Crimes-Coker-v--_2011_Death-Penalty-C
	Rape and Other Nonhomicide Crimes—Coker v. Georgia (1977)
		Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584, 97 S. Ct. 2861, 53 L. Ed.2d 982 (1977)
		Opinion of Justice White, Joined by Justices Stewart, Blackmun, and Stevens
			I
			II
			III
				A
				B
			IV
		Opinion of Justice Powell, Concurring in the Judgment in Part and Dissenting in Part
		Dissenting Opinion of Chief Justice Burger, Joined by Justice Rehnquist
Chapter-8---Murder-Godfrey-v--Georgia--1980-_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Murder—Godfrey v. Georgia (1980)
		Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U.S. 420, 100 S. Ct. 1759, 64 L. Ed.2d 398 (1980)
		Opinion of Justice Stewart, Joined by Justices Blackmun, Powell, and Stevens
			I
			II
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice White, Joined by Justice Rehnquist
			IV
			V
			VI
Chapter-9---Felony-Murder-Enmund-v--Florida--1982--and-Ti_2011_Death-Penalty
	Felony-Murder—Enmund v. Florida  (1982) and Tison v. Arizona (1987)
		Enmund v. Florida, 458 U.S. 782, 102 S. Ct. 3368, 73 L. Ed.2d 1140 (1982)
		Opinion of Justice White for the Court
			I
			II
				B
			III
			IV
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice O’connor, Joined by Chief Justice Burger and Justices Powell and Rehnquist
		I
		II
			A
			B
			C
				Tison v. Arizona, 481 U.S. 137, 107 S. Ct. 1676, 95 L. Ed.2d 127 (1987)
		Opinion of Justice O’connor for the Court
			I
			II
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Brennan, Joined by Justices Marshall, Blackmun, and Stevens
			I
			II
			III
				A
				B
				C
			IV
				A
Chapter-10---The-Mentally-Retarded-and-Juveniles-Atkins-v--V_2011_Death-Pena
	The Mentally Retarded and Juveniles—Atkins v. Virginia (2002) and Roper v. Simmons (2005)
		Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 122 S. Ct. 2242, 153 L. Ed.2d 335 (2002)
		Opinion of Justice Stevens for the Court
			I
			II
			III
			IV
		Dissenting opinion of chief justice rehnquist, joined by justices scalia and thomas
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Scalia, Joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Thomas
			II
			III
			Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551, 125 S. Ct. 1183, 161 L. Ed.2d 1 (2005)
		Opinion of Justice Kennedy for the Court
		I
			II
			III
				A
				B
			IV
		Concurring opinion of justice stevens, joined by justice ginsburg
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice O’Connor
			II
				C
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Scalia, Joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Thomas
			I
			II
			III
Chapter-11---Child-Rape-Kennedy-v--Louisiana--2008-_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Child Rape—Kennedy v. Louisiana  (2008)
		Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407, 128 S. Ct. 2641, 
171 L. Ed.2d 525 (2008)
		Opinion of Justice Kennedy for the Court
			I
			III
				A
				B
				D
			IV
				A
				B
			V
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Alito, Joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia and Thomas
			I
				A
				C
				D
				F
			II
				A
				B
				C
Chapter-12---Appropriate-Decision-Makers-Spaziano-v--Florid_2011_Death-Penal
	Appropriate Decision Makers—Spaziano v. Florida (1984) and  Ring v. Arizona (2002)
		Spaziano v. Florida, 468 U.S. 447, 104 S. Ct. 3154, 82 L. Ed.2d 340 (1984)
		Opinion of Justice Blackmun for the Court
		III
		Opinion of Justice Stevens, Concurring in Part and Dissenting in Part, Joined by Justices Brennan and Marshall
			IV
			V
			VII
			Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584, 122 S. Ct. 2428, 153 L. Ed.2d 556 (2002)
		Opinion of Justice Ginsburg for the Court
			I
			II
		Concurring Opinion of Justice Scalia, Joined by Justice Thomas
		Concurring opinion of justice kennedy
		Opinion of justice breyer concurring in the judgment
			I
			II
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice O’connor, Joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist
Chapter-13---Selecting-Jurors-Witherspoon-v--Illinois--1968-_2011_Death-Pena
	Selecting Jurors—Witherspoon v.  Illinois (1968), Turner v. Murray  (1986), and Uttecht v. Brown (2007)
		Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510, 88 S. Ct. 1770, 20 L. Ed.2d 776 (1968)
		Opinion of Justice Stewart for the Court
			I
			II
			III
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Black, Joined by Justices Harlan and White
			Turner v. Murray, 476 U.S. 28, 106 S. Ct. 1683, 90 L. Ed.2d 27 (1986)
		Opinion of Justice White for the Court
		II
			III
			IV
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Powell, Joined by Justice Rehnquist
			I
			Uttecht v. Brown, 551 U.S. 1, 127 S. Ct. 2218, 167 L. Ed.2d 1014 (2007)
		Opinion of Justice Kennedy for the Court
			I
			II
				A
				B
			III
				B
				Iv
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Stevens, Joined by Justices Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer
			I
			II
		Dissenting opinion of justice breyer, joined by justice souter
Chapter-14---Victim-Impact-Evidence-Payne-v--Tennessee_2011_Death-Penalty-Ca
	Victim Impact Evidence—Payne v. Tennessee (1991)
		Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808, 111 S. Ct. 2597, 115 L. Ed.2d 720 (1991)
		Opinion of Chief Justice Rehnquist 
for The Court
		Concurring Opinion of Justice Souter, Joined by Justice Kennedy
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Marshall, Joined by Justice Blackmun
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Stevens, Joined by Justice Blackmun
			II
			III
			IV
			V
Chapter-15---The-Sentencing-Decision-McKoy-v--North-Carolin_2011_Death-Penal
	The Sentencing Decision—McKoy v. North Carolina (1990)  and Kansas v. Marsh (2006)
		McKoy v. North Carolina, 494 U.S. 433, 110 S. Ct. 1227, 108 L. Ed.2d 369 (1990)
		Opinion of Justice Marshall for the Court
			I
			II
			III
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Scalia, Joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice O’connor
			I
			III
			IV
			Kansas v. Marsh, 548 U.S. 163, 126 S. Ct. 2516, 165 L. Ed.2d 429 (2006)
		Opinion of Justice Thomas for the Court
			I
			III
			IV
				A.
				B.
			V
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Stevens
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Souter, Joined by Justices Stevens, Ginsburg, and Breyer
		II
		III
Chapter-16---Ineffective-Counsel-Strickland-v--Washington--_2011_Death-Penal
	Ineffective Counsel—Strickland  v. Washington (1984) and Williams  v. Taylor (2000)
		Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 
80 L. Ed.2d 674 (1984)
		Opinion of Justice O’connor for the Court
			I
				A.
			II
			III
				A.
				B.
			V
		Opinion of Justice Brennan, Concurring in Part and Dissenting in Part
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Marshall
			I
				A.
				B.
			III
			IV
			Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 120 S. Ct. 1495, 146 L. E.2d 389 (2000)
		Opinion of Justice Stevens for the Court
			I
				State Habeas Corpus Proceedings
				Federal Habeas Corpus Proceedings
			IV
		Dissenting opinion of Chief Justice Rehnquist, Joined by Justices Scalia and Thomas
Chapter-17---Claims-of-Innocence-Herrera-v--Collins--1993-_2011_Death-Penalt
	Claims of Innocence—Herrera  v. Collins (1993) and Kansas v.  Marsh (2006)
		Herrera v. Collins, 506 U.S. 390, 113 S. Ct. 853, 122 L. Ed.2d 203 (1993)
		Opinion of chief justice rehnquist for the court
		Concurring opinion of justice o’connor, joined by justice kennedy
		Concurring opinion of justice scalia, joined by justice thomas
		Concurring opinion of justice white
		Dissenting opinion of justice blackmun, joined in parts i–iv by justice stevens and souter
			I
				A
				B
				C
				A
				C
			II
			III
			IV
			V
			Kansas v. Marsh, 548 U.S. 163, 126 S. Ct. 2516, 165 L. Ed.2d 429 (2006)
		Dissenting opinion of justice souter, joined by justices stevens, ginsburg, and breyer
		III
		Concurring opinion of justice scalia
			III
Chapter-18---Insane-Convicts-May-Not-Be-Executed-Ford-v--Wai_2011_Death-Pena
	Insane Convicts May Not Be Executed—Ford v. Wainwright (1986) and Panetti v. Quarterman (2007)
		Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399, 106 S. Ct. 2595, 91 L. Ed.2d 335 (1986)
		Opinion of Justice Marshall for the Court
			II
		Concurring opinion of justice powell
		I
		Opinion of justice o’connor, joined by justice white, concurring in the result in part and dissenting in part
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Rehnquist, Joined by Chief Justice Burger
			Panetti v. Quarterman, 551 U.S. 930, 127 S. Ct. 2842, 168 L. Ed.2d 662 (2007)
		Opinion of Justice Kennedy for the Court
			I
			IV
				A
				B
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Thomas, Joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia and Alito
			III
Chapter-19---Method-of-Execution-Baze-v--Rees--2008-_2011_Death-Penalty-Case
	Method of Execution—Baze  v. Rees (2008)
		Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. 35, 128 S. Ct. 1520, 170 L. Ed.2d 420 (2008)
		Opinion of Chief Justice Roberts, Joined 
by Justices Kennedy and Alito
			I
				A.
				B.
			II
				A.
				B.
				C.
			III
				A.
				B.
		Concurring Opinion of Justice Alito
			I
			II
			III
		Opinion of Justice Stevens Concurring in the Judgment
			I
			II
			III
			IV
		Opinion of Justice Scalia Concurring in the Judgment, Joined By Justice Thomas
		I
		III
		Opinion of Justice Thomas Concurring in the Judgment, Joined by Justice Scalia
			I
			II
			III
			IV
			V
		Opinion of Justice Breyer Concurring in the Judgment
		Dissenting Opinion of Justice Ginsburg, Joined by Justice Souter
			I
			II
Appendix-A---Facts-and-Figures-on-Murder-and-the-Death_2011_Death-Penalty-Ca
	Facts and Figures on Murder  and the Death Penalty
		Homicides
			Age of offenders
			Race of offenders
			Gender of offenders
			Age of victims
			Race of victims
			Homicide circumstances
		Murder arrests, convictions, and sentences
		Death sentences and executions
			Number sentenced and executed
			Death penalty jurisdictions
			Method of execution
			Capital offender characteristics
			Time consumption
			Public opinion
			Other countries
Appendix-B---Understanding-Statutory-Provisions_2011_Death-Penalty-Cases
	Understanding Statutory Provisions
		Aggravating Circumstances
			Death-eligibility
				Cal. Penal Code § 190.2
				Fla. Stat. Ann. § 921.141(5)
				TEX. Penal Code Ann. § 19.03—Capital Murder
				Mont. Code Ann. § 46-18-303
			Role of aggravating circumstances in determining whether a defendant receives a death sentence
		Mitigating circumstances
		Rules for Sentencing Decisions
			Arkansas Code, Section 5-4-603
			Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, Title 42, Section 9711
			Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 37.071