Data Science Applications of Post-COVID-19 Psychological Disorders

Contents
Preface
	Abstract
	Definitions
	About the Pandemic
	Psychological Impacts
	Structure of the Book
Chapter 1
Post-COVID-19 Mental Disorder  and Its Consequences
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Background
	Usage of Data Science in Healthcare Systems
		Applications
	Post COVID Complications and Their Consequences
	Post COVID-19 Psychological Impacts
		Consequences
		Perplexity or Strange Attitude
		Sleep Disorder
		Addiction to Substances
		Self-Destructive Attitude
		Anxiousness
		Mood Swings or Depression
		Post-COVID Stress Disorder
		A Poor Understanding of Contagion
		Subconscious
		Social Problems
		False News
		Inflexibility
		Security of Family
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2
Contemplating the Post-COVID Psychological Disorders in a Selective Sample Using DASS-21 and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Analytical Framework
		Literature Review
	Methods
		Questionnaire Tool
		DASS-21 - Survey in Malaysia
		A Survey Conducted in Tamil Nadu in DASS 21 and WHO-5  Well-Being Indexes
	Results and Analysis
		WHO-5 Well-Being Index
		DASS-21
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3
Data Science Applications of  Post-COVID-19 Mental Illness
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Background
	Related Works
	Data Science Application of Post-COVID 19 Mental Illness
		Diagnosis
		Depression
		Applications
		Healthcare Industry
		Data Science in Psychiatry
		Crises Text Line
		Ellie, the 3-D Chat Bot
		Quartet Health
	COVIDiSTRESS
		Risks in Education Sector
		E-Commerce Industry
		Image Processing and Computer Vision
		Predictive Analytics in Psychological Effects
			Developing Drugs
		Genomics Data Science
		Remote Supervision
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Future Enhancement
	References
Chapter 4
Prediction of Mental Distress  about COVID-19 among Higher  Education Students in Odisha, India
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Related Work
	Proposed Methodology
	Result Analysis
	Conclusion
	Future Work
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 5
Impact of Post-COVID Syndrome  in Hospitalized Patients
	Abstract
	Introduction
		Causes of Post-COVID Syndrome
		Objectives
		Motivation
	Background
	Related Works
		Post-COVID Conditions
		Multi-Organ Effects of COVID-19
		Effects of COVID-19 Hospitalization
		Novel Symptoms
	Design Procedure
	Materials and Methods
		Statistical Analysis
		Predicts of the Post-COVID-19 Symptoms
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Future Enhancement
	References
	Biographical Sketch
Chapter 6
Computational Intelligence Models for Stress
	Abstract
	Introduction
		What Does Stress Mean?
		Definition of Stress
		Hormones of Stress
		Different Types of Stress
			Acute Stress
			Episodic Acute Stress
			Chronic Stress
			Workplace Stress
		Stress Management
			Recognize the Source of Stress
			Identify the Sources of Our Stress
			Develop the Ability to Recognize and Respond to Stress Signals
			Recognize the Stress Management Work Techniques
			Use Stress-Reduction Practices That Are Both Healthy and Effective
			Make Self-Care a Priority
			Seek Assistance
	Techniques and Strategies for Stress Management
		Action-Oriented Approaches
			Be Self-Confident
			Reduce the Amount of Noise
			Keep Track of Our Time
			Establishing Limits
			Get Our Heads Out of Our Asses
		Emotion–Oriented Approaches
			Visualizations and Affirmations
			Cognitive Restructuring
			The ABC Method
		Acceptance-Oriented Methodologies
			Exercise and Diet
			Physical and Mental Relaxation through Meditation
			Develop Resiliency
			Discuss It
			Get Some Rest
		Stress Management in the Workplace
	Employment, Earnings, and Technical Innovation:  A Relationship
		Artificial Intelligence in the Environment
		Artificial Intelligence Role in Stress Management
	Automated Technologies for Mental Health
		Automation
		Employees Can Benefit From AI
		Human Error Risks are Reduced
	Stress Sensors and Emotion Recognition
	Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbots
		Rendering Repeated Work Moot
		Ability to Work More Independently
		Improved Workflow Management
		Potential Power of Integrated Digital Tools
		Challenges
	References
Chapter 7
Multimodality Analysis  of Psychological Disorders
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Psychological Disorders
		Neurodevelopmental Disorders
		Bipolar and Affiliated Disorders
		Anxiety Disorders
		Stress-Related Disorders
		Dissociative Disorders
		Physical Symptom Disorders
		Eating Disorders
		Sleep Disorders
		Disruptive Disorders
	Review on Multimodality Analysis of Psychological Disorders
	About Psychological Disorders
	Machine Learning Model Training
		Types of Models
			Supervised Learning
			Unsupervised Learning
			Semi-Supervised Learning
			Transfer Learning
			Reinforcement Learning
	Research Challenges in Multimodality Analysis  of Psychological Disorders
		Data Labeling
		Inter-User Friction
		Intra-User Friction
		Detector Data Emulsion
		Integration with Other Systems
		Clinical Confirmation
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8
Mathematical Modeling and Analysis  of Psychological Disorders
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Classification of Psychological Disorder
	COVID-19 Impact on Mental Health
	Mathematical Modeling Techniques to Determine  the Post-COVID-19 Effect and Its Spread
	Related Works
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9
Impact of Post-COVID-19 on the  Elderly-Emotional Stress and Effects: A Data Science Approach
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Background
	Related Works
	About Elder People Emotional Stress
	Tiredness and Mood Swings
	Methodology and Implementation Analysis
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Future Work
	References
Chapter 10
Work from Home-Related Depression Analysis
	Abstract
	Introduction
		The Benefits and Drawbacks of Working from Home
	Literature Review
	Methodology
		A Single Occurrence or Temporary Circumstances  May Cause Types of Stress
		Depression and the Effects of Stress
		Mindfulness and Yoga
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11
The Effect of Psychological Disorders  on Students’ Academic Performance
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Background
	Related Works
	Pandemic’s Affect on Education
	Methodology
	Implementation Analysis
		Dataset Description
		Experiment Results and Analysis
		Evaluating Multiple-Choice Questionnaires
		Descriptive Statistics Results
		The Outcomes of Models’ Effectiveness
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Future Enhancement
	References
Chapter 12
Psychological Resilience:  A Conceptual Framework
	Abstract
	Introduction
		Psychological Disorders
		Psychological Resilience
	Literature Review
	Methodology and Framework
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 13
Challenges and Privacy Concerns  Related to Mental Health
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Psychological Impacts of Social Distancing Curbs
	Mental Health Issues after COVID-19 Recovery
	Psychological Impacts on Frontline Healthcare Professionals
	Interruptions to Critical Services of Mental Healthcare
	Social Inequalities and Decline in Psychological Healthcare Post COVID-19
	Mental Health Information System Access and Management
	Security Challenges of MHIS
	Existing Privacy-Preserving Mechanisms
	Privacy Preservation of the Encrypted Dataset  Using K-Anonymization
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14
Post-COVID Impact on Skin Allergies
	Abstract
	Introduction
		Motivation
			Objectives
		Scope
		Benefits
	Background
	Related Works
	About Skin Allergies after Recovering from COVID-19
		Maculopapular Eruptions
		COVID Toes
		Hives
		Water Blisters
		Livedo
		MIS-C
	Methodology and Framework
		Data Set
		Feature Extraction
		Logistic Regression
		Decision Tree (DT)
		Support Vector Machines (SVM)
		K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
		Gaussian Naïve Bias
		Gradient Boosting
		XGB
		Stochastic Gradient Boosting
		Performance Metrics
	Implementation Analysis
		Feature Selection Module
			Classification Module
		Logistic Regression
		Decision Tree
		Gaussian NB
		Neighbors Classifier
		Random Forest Classifier
		SVM
		Gradient Boosting Classifier
		XGB Classifier
		SGD Classifier
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Future Enhancement
	References
About the Editor
Index
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