Data communications and computer networks: A business user's approach

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 9
PREFACE......Page 17
1 Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications......Page 25
The Language of Computer Networks......Page 27
The Big Picture of Networks......Page 28
Communications Networks—Basic Layouts......Page 29
Microcomputer-to-local area network layouts......Page 30
Local area network-to-local area network layouts......Page 31
Personal area network-to-workstation layouts......Page 32
Local area network-to-wide area network layouts......Page 33
Sensor-to-local area network layouts......Page 34
Cell phone layouts......Page 35
Terminal/microcomputer-to-mainframe computer layouts......Page 36
Convergence......Page 37
Network Architectures......Page 38
The TCP/IP protocol suite......Page 39
The OSI model......Page 42
Logical and physical connections......Page 44
Network Layouts in Action......Page 46
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite in Action......Page 47
Summary......Page 48
Exercises......Page 50
Hands-On Projects......Page 51
2 Fundamentals of Data and Signals......Page 53
Data and Signals......Page 55
Analog vs. digital......Page 56
Fundamentals of signals......Page 59
Converting Data into Signals......Page 63
Transmitting digital data with digital signals: digital encoding schemes......Page 64
Transmitting digital data with discrete analog signals......Page 69
Transmitting analog data with digital signals......Page 72
Data Codes......Page 75
EBCDIC......Page 77
ASCII......Page 78
Unicode......Page 79
Data and Signal Conversions in Action: Two Examples......Page 80
Key Terms......Page 82
Exercises......Page 83
Thinking Outside the Box......Page 84
Hands-On Projects......Page 85
3 Conducted and Wireless Media......Page 87
Twisted pair wire......Page 88
Coaxial cable......Page 93
Fiber-optic cable......Page 94
Wireless Media......Page 98
Media Selection Criteria......Page 115
Conducted Media in Action: Two Examples......Page 118
Wireless Media in Action: Three Examples......Page 120
Key Terms......Page 123
Exercises......Page 124
Thinking Outside the Box......Page 125
Hands-On Projects......Page 126
4 Making Connections......Page 127
Interfacing a Computer to Peripheral Devices......Page 128
Characteristics of interface standards......Page 129
Universal Serial Bus (USB)......Page 130
Other interface standards......Page 132
Asynchronous connections......Page 134
Synchronous connections......Page 136
Terminal-to-Mainframe Computer Connections......Page 137
Making Computer Connections in Action......Page 139
Summary......Page 140
Review Questions......Page 141
Thinking Outside the Box......Page 142
Hands-On Projects......Page 143
5 Making Connections Efficient: Multiplexing and Compression......Page 145
Frequency Division Multiplexing......Page 146
Synchronous time division multiplexing......Page 149
Statistical time division multiplexing......Page 154
Wavelength Division Multiplexing......Page 155
Discrete Multitone......Page 157
Code Division Multiplexing......Page 158
Comparison of Multiplexing Techniques......Page 160
Compression—Lossless vs. Lossy......Page 161
Lossless compression......Page 162
Lossy compression......Page 164
Business Multiplexing in Action......Page 168
Summary......Page 169
Exercises......Page 170
Thinking Outside the Box......Page 171
Hands-On Projects......Page 172
6 Errors, Error Detection, and Error Control......Page 173
White noise......Page 175
Crosstalk......Page 176
Jitter......Page 177
Error Prevention......Page 178
Error Detection......Page 179
Parity checks......Page 180
Arithmetic checksum......Page 182
Cyclic redundancy checksum......Page 183
Error Control......Page 185
Return a message......Page 186
Correct the error......Page 192
Error Detection in Action......Page 194
Summary......Page 195
Review Questions......Page 196
Thinking Outside the Box......Page 197
Hands-On Projects......Page 198
7 Local Area Networks: Part 1......Page 199
Primary Function of Local Area Networks......Page 200
Advantages and Disadvantages of Local Area Networks......Page 202
The First Local Area Network: The Bus/Tree......Page 204
A More Modern LAN......Page 206
Contention-based protocols......Page 208
Switches......Page 210
Full-duplex switches......Page 214
Virtual LANs......Page 215
Spanning tree algorithm......Page 216
Wired Ethernet......Page 218
Wired Ethernet Frame Format......Page 221
LANs in Action: A Small Office Solution......Page 222
Summary......Page 225
Key Terms......Page 226
Exercises......Page 227
Thinking Outside the Box......Page 228
Hands-On Projects......Page 229
8 Local Area Networks: Part II......Page 231
Wireless Ethernet......Page 233
Wireless LAN standards......Page 235
Wireless CSMA/CA......Page 236
CSMA/CA frame format......Page 238
Network Operating Systems......Page 239
Network Operating Systems Past and Present......Page 240
Novell NetWare......Page 241
Microsoft Windows NT and Windows Server 2000, 2003, and 2008......Page 244
Linux......Page 247
Mac OS X Server......Page 248
Servers......Page 249
Network Support Software......Page 251
Utilities......Page 252
Software Licensing Agreements......Page 254
LAN Support Devices......Page 256
Network maintenance and support......Page 258
Single location or multiple locations......Page 259
Wireless Networking in Action: Creating a Wireless LAN for Home......Page 260
Summary......Page 261
Key Terms......Page 262
Exercises......Page 263
Hands-On Projects......Page 264
9 Introduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks......Page 265
Metropolitan Area Network Basics......Page 266
SONET vs. Ethernet......Page 268
Wide Area Network Basics......Page 271
Types of network clouds......Page 273
Connection-oriented vs. connectionless network applications......Page 276
Routing......Page 278
Dijkstra’s least-cost algorithm......Page 280
Flooding......Page 281
Centralized vs. distributed routing......Page 282
Adaptive vs. fixed routing......Page 284
Network Congestion......Page 285
Possible solutions to congestion......Page 286
WANs in Action: The Smartphone......Page 288
Summary......Page 289
Review Questions......Page 290
Exercises......Page 291
Hands-On Projects......Page 292
10 The Internet......Page 293
Internet Protocols......Page 295
The Internet Protocol......Page 296
Internet Protocol version 6......Page 301
The Transmission Control Protocol......Page 304
User Datagram Protocol......Page 306
The Address Resolution Protocol......Page 307
Network Address Translation......Page 308
Tunneling protocols and virtual private networks......Page 309
The World Wide Web......Page 310
Locating a document on the Internet......Page 311
Electronic mail (e-mail)......Page 313
The File Transfer Protocol......Page 314
Voice over IP......Page 316
Instant messages, tweets, and blogs......Page 319
The Internet and Business......Page 320
Intranets and extranets......Page 321
The Future of the Internet......Page 322
The Internet in Action: A Company Creates a VPN......Page 323
Summary......Page 325
Key Terms......Page 326
Exercises......Page 327
Hands-On Projects......Page 328
11 Voice and Data Delivery Networks......Page 331
Telephone lines and trunks......Page 332
The telephone network before and after 1984......Page 334
Telephone networks after 1996......Page 335
Limitations of telephone signals......Page 336
Dial-up Internet service......Page 337
Digital Subscriber Line......Page 338
DSL basics......Page 339
DSL formats......Page 340
Cable Modems......Page 341
T-1 Leased Line Service......Page 342
Frame Relay......Page 343
Committed information rate or service level agreements......Page 345
Asynchronous Transfer Mode......Page 346
ATM classes of service......Page 347
MPLS and VPN......Page 349
Summary of the Data Delivery Services......Page 350
Convergence......Page 351
Computer-telephony integration......Page 352
Making the choice......Page 354
Summary......Page 357
Review Questions......Page 359
Exercises......Page 360
Hands-On Projects......Page 361
12 Network Security......Page 363
Standard System Attacks......Page 364
Physical Protection......Page 367
Controlling Access......Page 368
Passwords and ID systems......Page 370
Access rights......Page 371
Auditing......Page 373
Basic encryption and decryption techniques......Page 374
Spread spectrum technology......Page 383
Guarding against viruses......Page 385
Firewalls......Page 386
Security Policy Design Issues......Page 389
Network Security in Action: Making Wireless LANs Secure......Page 391
Summary......Page 392
Review Questions......Page 394
Thinking Outside the Box......Page 395
Hands-On Projects......Page 396
13 Network Design and Management......Page 397
Systems Development Life Cycle......Page 398
Network Modeling......Page 400
Wide area connectivity map......Page 401
Local area connectivity map......Page 402
Feasibility Studies......Page 403
Capacity Planning......Page 406
Creating a Baseline......Page 409
Network Administrator Skills......Page 412
Generating Usable Statistics......Page 413
Tools that test and debug network hardware......Page 414
Managing operations......Page 415
Simple network management protocol......Page 416
Capacity Planning and Network Design in Action: Better Box......Page 418
Summary......Page 420
Key Terms......Page 421
Exercises......Page 422
Hands-On Projects......Page 423
GLOSSARY......Page 425
INDEX......Page 439