Dangerous Harvest: Drug Plants and the Transformation of Indigenous Landscapes

Dangerous Harvest: Drug Plants and the Transformation of Indigenous Landscapes......Page 0
Copyright Info......Page 4
TOC......Page 5
Contributors......Page 7
Introduction......Page 10
I - Background Issues......Page 16
1 - Drugs, Moral Geographies, And Indigenous Peoples: Some Initial Mappings And Central Issues......Page 18
De.nitions......Page 20
Distributions......Page 22
Drugs—de.nitions And Numbers......Page 23
Drug Use—a Cultural Universal?......Page 25
Drugs And Indigenous Moral Geographies......Page 27
2 - The Stimulus Of Prohibition - A Critical History of the Global Narcotics Trade......Page 31
Free Trade In Opium......Page 40
The Prohibition Regime......Page 46
Cold War Expansion......Page 49
Bilateral Suppression In The 1970s......Page 53
Rising Harvests Of The 1980s......Page 57
Declaring War On Cocaine......Page 62
Asian Drug Proliferation In The 1990s......Page 65
Latin America In The 1990s......Page 92
Conclusion......Page 97
II - Case Studies......Page 120
Background......Page 122
The Agroeconomics Of Opium In Laos......Page 124
Pros And Cons Of Opium Agriculture: The Farmer’s Perspective......Page 126
Opium Economics......Page 127
Commerce......Page 128
Epidemiology Of Opium Addiction In Laos......Page 129
Natural Courses Of Opium Addiction......Page 130
Treatment Approaches For Opiate Addiction......Page 132
The Politics Of Poppy, Opium, And Addiction......Page 134
Conclusion......Page 136
Post-taliban Production......Page 140
Mountain Cropping Systems......Page 141
Stimulants And Depressants......Page 143
Other Intoxicants......Page 144
Historical Context......Page 145
Opium Cultivation......Page 147
Afghanistan......Page 150
Summary......Page 155
5 - The State And The Ongoing Struggle Over Coca In Bolivia - Legitimacy, Hegemony, and the Exercise of Power......Page 160
The Struggle Over Coca And The Arming Of The State In The 1980s......Page 161
State Repression And The Onslaught Against Coca Growers, 1997–2000......Page 165
Conclusion......Page 170
6 - The Marijuana Milpa - Agricultural Adaptations in a Postsubsistence Maya Landscape in Southern Belize......Page 174
Cultural Economic Background Of The Maya Landscape In Southern Belize......Page 175
Recent History Of The Marijuana Economy In Southern Belize......Page 176
The Boom Turns Bust......Page 181
Cultural Consequences Of The Marijuana Boom......Page 184
Lessons And Larger Implications Of The Marijuana Economy In Southern Belize......Page 185
7 - Sacred And Profane Uses Of The Cactus Lophophora Williamsii From The South Texas Peyote Gardens......Page 189
Nature Of Intoxication By Peyote......Page 194
The Ritual Described......Page 196
Diffusion Of Peyote Use And Creation Of Cult And Religion......Page 198
Secular, Or “profane,” Uses Of Peyote......Page 202
Growth Of The Religious Movement Among Non-indians......Page 206
Implications......Page 207
8 - Desert Traffic - The Dynamics of the Drug Trade in Northwestern Mexico......Page 216
The Rarámuri: Cultivation In The Sierra Madres......Page 218
The Tohono: Desert Crossroads......Page 220
Conclusion......Page 223
III - History And Drug Plants......Page 226
9 - Cannabis In Colonial India - Production, State Intervention, and Resistance in the Late Nineteenth-Century Bengali Landscape......Page 228
Consumers And Markets......Page 229
Cultivation And The Physical Transformation Of The Landscape......Page 230
Resistance And The Imaginative Transformation Of The Landscape......Page 232
Conclusion......Page 237
10 - Suppressing Opium And “reforming” Minorities - Antidrug Campaigns in Ethnic Communities in the Early People's Republic of China......Page 239
Opium And The Jiayin Erlunchun Community......Page 240
Opium And Liangshan Yi Society......Page 243
The Antiopium Campaign In Liangshan: 1950 –1959......Page 244
Opium Suppression In The Aba Tibetan Area In The 1950s......Page 247
Conclusion......Page 249
IV - Environmental Issues......Page 254
11 - Environmental And Social Consequences Of Coca/cocaine In Peru - Policy Alternatives and a Research Agenda......Page 256
Coca/cocaine......Page 257
Geopolitics And The Spread Of Coca/cocaine In Peru......Page 260
Social Consequences And Local Landscapes......Page 263
Environmental Consequences......Page 267
Conclusions......Page 268
12 - Modern Use And Environmental Impact Of The Kava Plant In Remote Oceania......Page 281
Origins And Dispersal Of Kava In Remote Oceania......Page 283
Traditional Uses......Page 285
Present Use By Indigenous Peoples In Remote Oceania......Page 286
Case Study Of Pohnpei Island, Federated States Of Micronesia......Page 290
History Of Kava Use On Pohnpei......Page 292
Commercialization......Page 294
Early Conservation Interventions......Page 295
Addressing A “killer Threat”......Page 296
Conclusions......Page 297
13 - The Global Nexus Of Drug Cultivation And Consumption......Page 301
The Beauty And The Beast......Page 302
Indigenous Peoples And Drugs......Page 303
Why Users Use; Why Growers Grow; Why Traf.ckers Traf.c......Page 304
Social And Material Changes......Page 307
The Drug Landscape......Page 308
The Hydra......Page 310
Drugs, Laws, And The State......Page 312
Meanwhile, Back In The Fields . . .......Page 314
Recommendations......Page 315
Where To From Here?......Page 317
Index......Page 320