Cyber-Physical Microgrids

Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acronyms
1 Overview of Cyber-Physical Microgrids
	1.1 Conventional Power Systems
	1.2 Motivation of Developing Microgrids
	1.3 Physical Layer of CPMs
	1.4 Cyber Layer of CPMs
	1.5 Recent Development of Microgrids
	1.6 Scientific Problems of Modern Electric Systems
	1.7 Structure of the Book
	Problems
	References
2 Photovoltaic
	2.1 Introduction of PV
	2.2 Photovoltaic Physics
	2.3 Mathematical Model of PV Cell
		2.3.1 Computation of the Photon Current
			2.3.1.1 Irradiance\'s Impact
			2.3.1.2 Temperature\'s Impact
		2.3.2 Computation of the Shockley Temperature-Dependent Diode Current
		2.3.3 Computation of the PV Cell Leakage Current
	2.4 Mathematical Model of PV Array
	2.5 Output Characteristics of Photovoltaic
	2.6 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
		2.6.1 Perturbation and Observation: P&O
			2.6.1.1 Calculation Path 1
			2.6.1.2 Calculation Path 2
			2.6.1.3 Calculation Path 3
			2.6.1.4 Calculation Path 4
		2.6.2 Incremental Conductance
		2.6.3 Varying Step MPPT
	Problems
	References
3 Energy Storage
	3.1 Battery
	3.2 Flywheel
	3.3 Supercapacitor
	3.4 Applications of Energy Storage Units
	Problems
	References
4 Micro-Turbine
	4.1 Introduction of Micro-Turbine
	4.2 Synchronous Generator
		4.2.1 Main Rotating Magnetic Flux
		4.2.2 Armature Reaction
		4.2.3 Equivalent Circuit of Synchronous Generator
	4.3 Power Outputs of Micro-Turbine
	Problems
	References
5 Wind Generation
	5.1 Introduction of Wind Turbines
	5.2 Fixed-Speed Wind Turbine
		5.2.1 Mechanical Block
		5.2.2 Induction Generator
	5.3 Variable-Slip Wind Turbine
	5.4 Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Wind Turbine
	5.5 Full Converter Wind Turbine
	Problems
	References
6 Power Electronics Interfaces and Controls
	6.1 Modeling of Inverter
		6.1.1 Single-Phase Inverter
		6.1.2 Three-Phase Inverter
	6.2 Controller of Three-Phase Inverter
		6.2.1 Phase Lock Loop (PLL)
		6.2.2 Double Loop Controller
		6.2.3 PWM Generator
	6.3 Chopper
		6.3.1 Boost Chopper
		6.3.2 Buck Chopper
		6.3.3 Buck-Boost Chopper
	6.4 System Integration of PV
		6.4.1 Single Stage Integration
		6.4.2 Two-Stage Integration
	6.5 System Integration of Energy Storage
		6.5.1 Integration of Battery and Supercapacitor
		6.5.2 Integration of Flywheel
	6.6 System Integration of Micro-Turbine
	6.7 System Integration of Wind Generation
		6.7.1 Equivalent Circuit of Wound Rotor Induction Generator
		6.7.2 Equivalent Model in the dq0 Frame
		6.7.3 Vector Control
	Problems
	References
7 Control of Microgrids
	7.1 Microgrids
	7.2 Hierarchical Control
	7.3 Droop Control
		7.3.1 P-f Droop Control
		7.3.2 Q-V Droop Control
		7.3.3 Droop Controls for Multiple DERs
	7.4 V-f Control
	7.5 DER Power Dispatch
	Problems
	References
8 Modeling and Stability Analysis of Microgrids
	8.1 Dynamic Modeling of Microgrids
		8.1.1 V-f Control Time-Domain Simulations
		8.1.2 Droop Control Time-Domain Simulations
	8.2 Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Microgrids
		8.2.1 V-f Control Eigenvalues Calculation
		8.2.2 Droop Control Eigenvalues Calculation
	Problems
	References
9 Cyber-Communication Network for Microgrids
	9.1 Cyber-Communication Network
		9.1.1 Local Area Network
		9.1.2 Metropolitan Area Network
		9.1.3 Wide Area Network
		9.1.4 Wireless Network
		9.1.5 Inter Network
	9.2 Demonstration of Cyber-Physical Microgrids
	Problems
	References
10 Cyber-Physical Attacks to Microgrids
	10.1 Cyber-Physical Attacks
	10.2 Impact of Communication Network
	10.3 Demonstration of Cyber-Attack
	10.4 Demonstration of Physical Attack
	Problems
	References
Index