Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics: Nineteenth Edition (LANGE CURRENT Series)

Contents......Page 5
Authors......Page 12
Preface......Page 20
The Neonatal History......Page 23
Care of the Well Neonate......Page 29
Common Problems in the Term Newborn......Page 32
Neonatal Intensive Care......Page 47
Cardiac Problems in the Newborn Infant......Page 63
Gastrointestinal & Abdominal Surgical Conditions in the Newborn Infant......Page 65
Infections in the Newborn Infant......Page 68
Hematologic Disorders in the Newborn Infant......Page 77
Renal Disorders in the Newborn Infant......Page 79
Neurologic Problems in the Newborn Infant......Page 81
Metabolic Disorders in the Newborn Infant......Page 82
The First 2 Years......Page 85
Ages 2–4 Years......Page 102
Behavioral & Developmental Variations......Page 103
Normality & Temperament......Page 104
Colic......Page 105
Feeding Disorders......Page 106
Sleep Disorders......Page 107
Temper Tantrums & Breath-holding Spells......Page 110
Well Child Surveillance & Screening......Page 111
Developmental Disorders......Page 112
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder......Page 113
Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 115
Intellectual Disability/Mental Retardation......Page 117
3. Adolescence......Page 123
Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services......Page 125
Growth & Development......Page 131
Behavior & Psychological Health......Page 135
Breast Disorders......Page 140
Gynecologic Disorders in Adolescence......Page 142
Scope of the Problem......Page 159
Morbidity Data......Page 163
Supplement Use & Abuse......Page 164
Predicting the Progression from Use to Abuse......Page 165
Management of Substance Abuse......Page 166
Treatment & Referral......Page 169
Prevention......Page 172
Etiology......Page 174
Predisposing Factors......Page 175
Anorexia Nervosa......Page 176
Bulimia Nervosa......Page 181
Prognosis......Page 184
Mental Health in the Primary Care Setting......Page 185
Early Identification & Prevention of Developmental & Socioemotional Problems......Page 186
Identification & Assessment during Health Maintenance Visits......Page 187
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry......Page 194
Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood & Adolescence......Page 198
Pervasive Developmental Disorders & Autism......Page 199
Mood Disorders......Page 202
Suicide......Page 206
Adjustment Disorders......Page 207
Schizophrenia......Page 208
Conduct Disorders......Page 209
Anxiety Disorders......Page 211
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder......Page 213
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder......Page 214
Somatoform Disorders......Page 216
Elimination Disorders......Page 217
Overview of Pediatric Psychopharmacology......Page 219
ADHD Medications......Page 220
Antidepressents......Page 222
Mood Stabilizers & Atypical Antipsychotics......Page 225
Antipsychotics......Page 227
Adrenergic Agonists......Page 229
Forms of Child Maltreatment......Page 231
Recognition of Abuse & Neglect......Page 232
Management & Reporting......Page 235
Prevention......Page 236
Pediatric History......Page 238
Pediatric Physical Examination......Page 239
Health Supervision Visits......Page 241
Other Types of General Pediatric Services......Page 251
Common General Pediatric Issues......Page 254
Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices......Page 258
Safe Handling of Vaccines......Page 260
Vaccinations for Special Situations......Page 285
Passive Prophylaxis......Page 288
Nutritional Requirements......Page 290
Infant Feeding......Page 297
Nutrition for the Older Child......Page 304
Pediatric Under- & Overnutrition......Page 305
Nutrition Support......Page 308
Advanced Life Support for Infants & Children......Page 316
Approach to the Seriously Ill Child......Page 321
Approach to the Pediatric Trauma Patient......Page 323
Head Injury......Page 328
Burns......Page 329
Disorders Due to Altered Environmental Temperature......Page 330
Submersion Injuries......Page 332
Procedural Sedation & Analgesia (PSA)......Page 333
Pharmacologic Principles of Toxicology......Page 335
General Treatment of Poisoning......Page 336
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)......Page 340
Alcohol, Ethyl (Ethanol)......Page 341
Antihistamines......Page 343
Belladonna Alkaloids......Page 344
Caustics......Page 345
Cosmetics & Related Products......Page 346
Diphenoxylate with Atropine (Lomotil) & Loperamide (Imodium)......Page 347
Disk-Shaped Batteries......Page 348
Hydrocarbons (Benzene, Charcoal Lighter Fluid, Gasoline, Kerosene, Petroleum Distillates, Turpentine)......Page 349
Insecticides......Page 350
Iron......Page 351
Mushrooms......Page 352
Opioids (Codeine, Heroin, Methadone, Morphine, Propoxyphene)......Page 353
Psychotropic Drugs......Page 354
Salicylates......Page 356
Snakebite......Page 357
Soaps & Detergents......Page 358
Warfarin......Page 359
Acute Respiratory Failure......Page 361
Mechanical Ventilation......Page 365
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome......Page 367
Indications for Central Venous & Arterial Cannulation......Page 372
Brain Injury & Cerebral Edema......Page 375
Ethical Deliberation & End-of-Life Care in the PICU......Page 377
Nutritional Support of the Critically Ill Child......Page 379
Asthma (Life-Threatening)......Page 383
Shock......Page 386
Pain & Anxiety Control......Page 393
General Principles......Page 397
Transient Diseases......Page 398
Birthmarks, Nevi, & Melanoma......Page 400
Acne......Page 403
Bacterial Infections......Page 405
Fungal Infections......Page 406
Viral Infections......Page 407
Insect Infestations......Page 409
Dermatitis (Eczema)......Page 410
Common Skin Tumors......Page 412
Papulosquamous Eruptions......Page 413
Hair Loss......Page 414
Reactive Erythemas......Page 415
Common Nonspecific Signs & Symptoms......Page 417
Refractive Errors......Page 418
Ophthalmic Examination......Page 419
Ocular Trauma......Page 422
Disorders of the Ocular Structures......Page 426
Disorders of the Nasolacrimal System......Page 429
Diseases of the Conjunctiva......Page 430
Disorders of the Iris......Page 433
Glaucoma......Page 434
Uveitis......Page 435
Ocular Manifestations of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome......Page 436
Disorders of the Cornea......Page 437
Disorders of the Lens......Page 438
Disorders of the Retina......Page 439
Diseases of the Optic Nerve......Page 441
Diseases of the Orbit......Page 443
 Nystagmus......Page 444
Amblyopia & Strabismus......Page 445
The Blind Child......Page 447
Learning Disabilities & Dyslexia......Page 448
Issues in Pediatric Oral Health......Page 449
Oral Examination of the Newborn & Infant......Page 450
Eruption of the Teeth......Page 452
Dental Caries......Page 453
Periodontal Disease......Page 454
Orofacial Trauma......Page 455
Special Patient Populations......Page 456
Dental & Orthodontic Referral......Page 457
The Ear......Page 459
The Nose & Paranasal Sinuses......Page 475
The Throat & Oral Cavity......Page 481
Growth & Development......Page 493
Diagnostic Aids......Page 494
General Therapy of Pediatric Lung Diseases......Page 497
Disorders of the Conducting Airways......Page 498
Stridor & Noisy Breathing from Congenital Disorders of the Extrathoracic Airway......Page 499
Stridor & Noisy Breathing from Acquired Disorders of the Extrathoracic Airway......Page 500
Congenital Disorders of the Intrathoracic Airways......Page 503
Acquired Disorders of the Intrathoracic Airways......Page 504
Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance......Page 507
Congenital Malformations of the Lung......Page 513
Acquired Disorders Involving Alveoli......Page 516
Diseases of the Pulmonary Circulation......Page 528
Disorders of the Chest Wall......Page 531
Sleep-Disordered Breathing......Page 535
Apparent Life-Threatening Events in Infancy......Page 536
Mediastinum......Page 539
Diagnostic Evaluation......Page 541
Perinatal & Neonatal Circulation......Page 550
Heart Failure......Page 551
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease......Page 553
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease......Page 567
Acquired Heart Disease......Page 576
Cardiac Transplantation......Page 586
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension......Page 588
Disorders of Rate & Rhythm......Page 589
Disorders of the Esophagus......Page 599
Disorders of the Stomach & Duodenum......Page 602
Disorders of the Small Intestine......Page 605
Disorders of the Colon......Page 609
Disorders of the Peritoneal Cavity......Page 613
Gastrointestinal Tumors & Malignancies......Page 614
Major Gastrointestinal Symptoms & Signs......Page 615
Malabsorption Syndromes......Page 622
Inflammatory Bowel Disease......Page 627
Intrahepatic Cholestasis......Page 631
Extrahepatic Neonatal Cholestasis......Page 639
Other Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemic Conditions (Noncholestatic Nonhemolytic)......Page 641
Hepatitis A......Page 643
Hepatitis B......Page 645
Hepatitis C......Page 647
Other Hepatitis Viruses......Page 648
Acute Liver Failure (Fulminant Hepatic Failure)......Page 649
Autoimmune Hepatitis......Page 650
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease......Page 651
α[sub(1)]-Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease......Page 652
Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)......Page 653
Cirrhosis......Page 655
Portal Hypertension......Page 656
Biliary Tract Disease......Page 659
Pyogenic & Amebic Liver Abscess......Page 663
Hepatoma......Page 664
Acute Pancreatitis......Page 666
Chronic Pancreatitis......Page 667
Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis......Page 668
Pancreatic Tumors......Page 671
Evaluation of the Kidney & Urinary Tract......Page 673
Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract......Page 677
Hematuria & Glomerular Disease......Page 678
Proteinuria & Renal Disease......Page 680
Diseases of the Renal Vessels......Page 682
Renal Failure......Page 683
Inherited or Developmental Defects of the Kidney......Page 689
Urinary Tract Infections......Page 692
Neurologic Assessment & Neurodiagnostic Procedures......Page 695
Disorders Affecting the Nervous System in Infants & Children......Page 701
Infections & Inflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System......Page 750
Disorders of Childhood Affecting Muscles......Page 758
Miscellaneous Neuromuscular Disorders......Page 767
Disturbances of Prenatal Origin......Page 772
Growth Disturbances of the Musculoskeletal System......Page 776
Trauma......Page 779
Infections of the Bones & Joints......Page 782
Vascular Lesions & Avascular Necrosis (Osteochondroses)......Page 784
Neoplasia of the Musculoskeletal System......Page 786
Miscellaneous Diseases of Bone......Page 787
Basic Principles......Page 790
Preparticipation History & Physical Examination......Page 791
Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries......Page 795
Head & Neck Injuries......Page 798
Spine Injuries......Page 799
Shoulder Injuries......Page 800
Elbow & Forearm Injuries......Page 802
Hip Injuries......Page 803
Knee Injuries......Page 805
Foot & Ankle Injuries......Page 808
Prevention......Page 809
Pediatric Brain Injury......Page 810
Spinal Cord Injury......Page 813
Brachial Plexus Lesions......Page 815
Common Rehabilitation Problems......Page 816
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis......Page 818
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus......Page 821
Dermatomyositis......Page 823
Raynaud Phenomenon......Page 824
Noninflammatory Pain Syndromes......Page 825
Bone Marrow Failure......Page 826
Anemias......Page 828
Polycythemia & Methemoglobinemia......Page 846
Disorders of Leukocytes......Page 848
Bleeding Disorders......Page 852
Thrombotic Disorders......Page 864
Splenic Abnormalities......Page 867
Transfusion Medicine......Page 868
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia......Page 875
Acute Myeloid Leukemia......Page 878
Myeloproliferative Diseases......Page 880
Brain Tumors......Page 882
Lymphomas & Lymphoproliferative Disorders......Page 885
Neuroblastoma......Page 890
Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)......Page 892
Bone Tumors......Page 893
Rhabdomyosarcoma......Page 895
Retinoblastoma......Page 897
Hepatic Tumors......Page 898
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis......Page 899
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation......Page 900
Late Effects of Pediatric Cancer Therapy......Page 902
Acute Pain......Page 905
Chronic Pain......Page 906
Pediatric Palliative & End-of-Life Care......Page 908
Spiritual & Cultural Support......Page 910
Advance Care Planning......Page 911
Immunodeficiency Evaluation: Primary Considerations......Page 913
Antibody Deficiency Syndromes......Page 917
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases......Page 921
Interleukin-7-Receptor-Alpha-Chain Deficiency......Page 923
Other Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders......Page 924
Phagocytic Defects......Page 926
Complement Defects......Page 928
Other Well-Defined Immunodeficiency Syndromes......Page 929
Genetic Syndromes Associated with Immunodeficiency......Page 930
Graft-Versus-Host Disease......Page 931
General Concepts......Page 933
Disturbances of Growth......Page 934
Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland......Page 942
Thyroid Gland......Page 943
Disorders of Calcium & Phosphorus Metabolism......Page 948
Gonads (Ovaries & Testes)......Page 955
Adrenal Cortex......Page 962
Pathogenesis......Page 971
Treatment......Page 972
Acute Complications......Page 975
Chronic Complications......Page 977
Diagnosis......Page 978
Newborn Screening......Page 982
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism......Page 983
Disorders of Energy Metabolism......Page 985
Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism......Page 987
Organic Acidemias......Page 992
Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation & Carnitine......Page 995
Lysosomal Diseases......Page 997
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation......Page 1000
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome & Disorders of Cholesterol Synthesis......Page 1001
Creatine Synthesis Disorders......Page 1002
Foundations of Genetic Diagnosis......Page 1004
Principles of Inherited Human Disorders......Page 1011
Dysmorphology & Human Embryology......Page 1018
Chromosomal Disorders: Abnormal Number......Page 1021
Chromosomal Abnormalities: Abnormal Structure......Page 1025
Mendelian Disorders......Page 1026
Nonmedelian Disorders......Page 1030
Disorders of Multifactorial Inheritance......Page 1033
Common Recognizable Disorders with Variable or Unknown Cause......Page 1035
Evaluation of the Developmentally Delayed Child......Page 1036
Perinatal Genetics......Page 1038
Asthma......Page 1040
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis......Page 1056
Atopic Dermatitis......Page 1059
Urticaria & Angioedema......Page 1063
Adverse Reactions to Drugs & Biologicals......Page 1068
Food Allergy......Page 1072
Insect Allergy......Page 1073
Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy......Page 1075
Alteration of Dose & Measurement of Blood Levels......Page 1076
Prophylactic Antimicrobial Agents......Page 1080
Initial Empiric Antimicrobial Choices for Selected Conditions......Page 1084
Specific Antimicrobial Agents......Page 1086
The Common Cold......Page 1093
Adenoviruses......Page 1096
Influenza......Page 1099
Respiratory Syncytial Virus......Page 1101
Human Metapneumovirus......Page 1103
Respiratory Tract Illnesses......Page 1104
Central Nervous System Illnesses......Page 1105
Herpes Simplex Infections......Page 1108
Varicella & Herpes Zoster......Page 1110
Cytomegalovirus Infections......Page 1113
Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus)......Page 1116
Viral Infections Spread by Insect Vectors......Page 1118
Viral Childhood Exanthems......Page 1122
Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome......Page 1126
Mumps......Page 1127
Rabies......Page 1128
Ehrlichiosis......Page 1129
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever......Page 1130
Endemic Typhus......Page 1131
Q Fever......Page 1132
Transmission & Epidemiology......Page 1133
Pathogenesis......Page 1134
Clinical Findings......Page 1135
Prevention......Page 1137
Treatment......Page 1138
Prognosis......Page 1143
Streptococcal Infections......Page 1145
Pneumococcal Infections......Page 1153
Staphylococcal Infections......Page 1156
Meningococcal Infections......Page 1160
Gonococcal Infections......Page 1162
Botulism......Page 1165
Tetanus......Page 1166
Gas Gangrene......Page 1168
Diphtheria......Page 1169
Enterobacteriaceae......Page 1171
Pseudomonas......Page 1173
Salmonella Gastroenteritis......Page 1174
Typhoid Fever & Paratyphoid Fever......Page 1176
Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)......Page 1178
Cholera......Page 1179
Campylobacter......Page 1180
Tularemia......Page 1181
Plague......Page 1182
Haemophilus influenzae Type B......Page 1184
Listeriosis......Page 1188
Tuberculosis......Page 1189
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria......Page 1192
Legionella......Page 1194
Psittacosis & Chlamydia pneumoniae......Page 1195
Cat-Scratch Disease......Page 1196
Syphilis......Page 1197
Relapsing Fever......Page 1200
Leptospirosis......Page 1201
Lyme Disease......Page 1202
Parasitic Infections......Page 1205
Protozoal Infections......Page 1209
Gastrointestinal Infections......Page 1219
Metazoal Infections......Page 1224
Mycotic Infections......Page 1232
Blastomycosis......Page 1233
Candidiasis......Page 1234
Coccidioidomycosis......Page 1237
Cryptococcosis......Page 1239
Histoplasmosis......Page 1240
Sporotrichosis......Page 1241
Opportunistic Fungal Infections......Page 1242
42. Sexually Tansmitted Infections......Page 1246
The Most Common Antibiotic-Responsive Sexually Transmitted Infections......Page 1248
The Spectrum of Sexually Transmitted Infections......Page 1255
Evaluation of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Sexual Abuse & Assault......Page 1265
Regulation of Body Fluids, Electrolytes, & Tonicity......Page 1267
Fluid & Electrolyte Management......Page 1268
Dehydration......Page 1269
Hypernatremia......Page 1272
Potassium Disorders......Page 1273
Metabolic Alkalosis......Page 1274
Respiratory Alkalosis......Page 1275
Challenges in Determining & Interpreting Pediatric Reference Intervals......Page 1276
Sensitivity & Specificity......Page 1278
Pediatric Reference Intervals......Page 1279
A......Page 1291
B......Page 1295
C......Page 1296
D......Page 1300
E......Page 1301
F......Page 1303
G......Page 1304
H......Page 1305
I......Page 1307
L......Page 1308
M......Page 1309
N......Page 1310
O......Page 1313
P......Page 1314
R......Page 1317
S......Page 1318
T......Page 1320
W......Page 1322
Z......Page 1323