Current and Future Trends in Health and Medical Informatics (Studies in Computational Intelligence, 1112)

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Medical Imaging and 3D/4D Surgical Visualization
Analysis of Brain Subregions by Segmentation of MRIs Using Improved BAT Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methods and Materials
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Image Preprocessing
		3.3 Segmentation
		3.4 Classification
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Enhancing Medical Imaging with Computational Modeling for Aortic Valve Disease Intervention Planning
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Cardiovascular Disease
		1.2 Aortic Valve Stenosis and Associated Cardiovascular Pathologies
	2 Cardiovascular Imaging Techniques for Diagnosis and Intervention Planning
		2.1 Echocardiography
		2.2 Computed Tomography (CT)
		2.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
	3 Intervention Planning and Post Operation Complications
		3.1 Surgical and Minimally Invasive Options for Aortic Valve Intervention
		3.2 Managing Complications Post-intervention
	4 Computational Modeling
		4.1 Cardiovascular Hemodynamic Modelling
		4.2 Image Analysis, Geometry Reconstruction and Meshing
		4.3 Personalized Computational Modelling
		4.4 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Application in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
	5 Challenges and Limitations of Computational Modeling
		5.1 Accuracy and Validation Challenges
		5.2 Limitations of Current Computational Models
	6 Future Perspectives and Emerging Technologies
	References
Construction of an Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Bone Segmentation from Images Obtained by Computational Tomography
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Materials
	4 Methodology, Results and Discussion
		4.1 Morphological Study
		4.2 Ground Truth Determination
		4.3 Validation Metrics
		4.4 Segmentation Based on Morphological Filters
		4.5 Segmentation by Active Contour Methods
		4.6 3D Model
	5 Conclusions
	References
Healthcare/Medical Information Systems Supporting Patients and the Public
Point-of-Care Devices in Healthcare: A Public Health Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Public Health Implications of POC
		2.1 Patient Engagement and Health Literacy
		2.2 Health Inequity
		2.3 Detecting Undetected Conditions
		2.4 Big Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
		2.5 Impact on Healthcare Systems and Health Promotion
	3 Challenges and Limitations
		3.1 Data Management and Integration
		3.2 Transfer Protocols and Connectivity
		3.3 Performance and Calibration
	4 A Framework for POC Device Regulation
		4.1 POC Assessment Factors
		4.2 Lack of a Global Repository
		4.3 Proposed Framework for POC Device Regulations
	5 Conclusion
	References
Digital Platforms to Support Feedback Processing in Aged Care Homes: Friend or Foe?
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology
	4 Data Analysis
		4.1 Participants
		4.2 Applying Thematic Analysis
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
State of Digital Health Communication Infrastructure in LMICs: Theory, Standards and Factors Affecting Their Implementation
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Current Practice of Standardisation by the Country’s National Standardisation Bodies
		2.2 Theory and Frameworks for Standardisation
	3 Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 Demographics of Respondents
		4.2 Standardisation Practice in Uganda
		4.3 Factors Affecting Implementation of DHCI Standards in Uganda
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Practice of DHCI Standardisation in Uganda, an Example of Resource-Constrained Setting
		5.2 Factors Affecting Implementation of DHCI Standards in Uganda
	6 Conclusion
	References
Management of Healthcare and Medical Information Systems
Unpacking Privacy Calculus and Interplay of Data Privacy and Healthcare: Paths Towards Safeguarding Patient Empowerment
	1 Introduction
	2 Understanding Patient Data and Its’ Uses
		2.1 Clinical Uses of Patient Data
		2.2 Consumer Uses of Patient Data
		2.3 Uses of Patient Data in Research and Analytics
	3 Data Privacy Implications Centered Around Current Modern Healthcare Landscape
		3.1 Impact of Big Data in Patient Empowerment and Improving Healthcare Management efficacy in Healthcare Ecosystem
		3.2 Burgeoning Growth of Data Comes with Serious Privacy Threats
		3.3 Major Data Privacy Implications Centered Around Current Modern Healthcare Landscape
	4 Privacy Calculus: Impacts on Patient Empowerment and Healthcare Management
		4.1 Privacy Calculus in Current Modern Healthcare Landscape
		4.2 Privacy Calculus and Healthcare Management Efficacy
	5 Healthcare Regulations to Address Privacy Calculus
		5.1 Common Healthcare Regulations& Its Objectives
		5.2 Impact of Healthcare Regulations in Addressing Privacy Calculus
	6 Conclusion
	References
Effects of Caregiver Support in the Adoption of Assistive Technologies for Online Patient Health Self-management
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Chronic Disease Self-Management
		2.2 Model and Background Theory
		2.3 Data Collection and Common Method Bias
	3 Results
		3.1 Internet-Panel Study Results
		3.2 In-Person Study Results
		3.3 Data Grouping
		3.4 Individual Item and Construct Reliability Test
		3.5 Model Analysis
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Analysis
		4.2 Overall Model Assessment
		4.3 Explanations
		4.4 Conclusions
		4.5 Future Research
	References
Design and Analysis of Health/Medical Records
Standards for Structure in Clinical Therapy
	1 Case Conceptualisation
	2 A Clinical Approach
		2.1 Conceptual Foundations
	3 Dynamic Modelling
	4 Application of Methods
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Obstetric Ultrasound Modelling and Analysis with Fractal Interpolation Methods
	1 Introduction
	2 Iterated Function System
	3 Fractal Interpolation Functions
		3.1 Affine Fractal Interpolation Functions
		3.2 Piecewise Affine Fractal Interpolation Functions
		3.3 Affine Fractal Interpolation Curves
		3.4 The Fractal Dimension of an AFIC
	4 Application to Medical Imaging
	5 Conclusions
	References
Healthcare/Medical Networking and Care Sharing
Predicting the Relationship Between Meal Frequency and Type 2 Diabetes: Empirical Study Using Machine and Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Relationship Between Meal Frequency and Diabetes
		2.2 Machine Learning Model Selection
		2.3 Predictor Selection
	3 Method
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Pre-possessing
		3.3 Feature Selection
		3.4 Data Cleaning
		3.5 Model Algorithm Selection
		3.6 Evaluation
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Baseline Characteristic
		4.2 Model Accuracy
		4.3 Importance of Meal Frequency
		4.4 Meal Frequency with Late-night-dinner Eating
	5 Limitations
	6 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Healthcare/Medical Data Representation and Analysis
Non-stationary Intrinsic Feature Assessment of Health/Medical Data Representation – Blood Pulse Signal for Example
	1 Background
	2 Morphology Assessment
	3 Intrinsic Feature Representation
	4 Spectral Assessment
	5 Adaptive Spectral Assessment
	6 Multi-Dimensional Assessment
	7 Conclusion
	References
Federated Learning: An Alternative Approach to Improving Medical Data Privacy and Security
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Medical Data: Definition, Sources, and Stakeholders in Data-Sharing
		2.2 Challenges to Accessing Medical Data for Predictive Modelling
		2.3 Existing Data Protection Approaches
	3 Emerging AI-Based Solution: Federated Learning
		3.1 Applications in Healthcare
		3.2 Benefits of Federated Learning
		3.3 Challenges of Federated Learning
		3.4 Types of Federated Learning Algorithms
		3.5 Federated Learning Literature Review Summary
	4 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Modelling in Healthcare
Analysis and Application of Regression Models to ICU Patient Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Materials
	4 Methods
		4.1 Research Framework
		4.2 Preprocesing
		4.3 Regression Models
		4.4 Results
	5 Experimental Methodology
	6 Results and Discussion
		6.1 Results
		6.2 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Total Hip Arthroplasty Modelling and Load Simulation, in COMSOL Multiphysics
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Hip Joint
		1.2 Uncemented Prosthesis
		1.3 Distribution of Forces on the Femur
		1.4 Biomaterials
		1.5 Finite Element Method—COMSOL Multiphysics
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Geometry
		2.2 Material Properties
		2.3 Physical Interface—Solid Mechanics
		2.4 Computational Mesh
		2.5 Studies Performed
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Stationary Stress Studies
		3.2 Stationary Strain and Deformation Studies
		3.3 Dynamic Studies
	4 Conclusion
	References
Health and Medical Informatics Education
Work Disability Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 What Are the Stakeholders in the Work Disability Risk Prediction?
	3 How Work Disability Risk Can Be Predicted Using Machine Learning?
		3.1 Data
		3.2 MHealth
		3.3 MPension
		3.4 Comparison of MHealth and MPension
	4 What Are the Aspects of Ethical AI in the Work Disability Risk Prediction?
	5 How Explainable Are the ML Methods for Work Disability Risk Prediction?
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Exploring Aerospace Health Informatics Core Competence: A Grounded Theory Perspective
	1 Introduction and Context
	2 The Conceptual and Theoretical Dimension
		2.1 Information Systems and Grounded Theory
		2.2 Mapping the Research Question to Methodology
		2.3 Analysing the Interconnected Factors
	3 The Transdisciplinary Dimension of the Underlying Foundation for Aerospace Health Informatics Core Competency
		3.1 Literature Map of Information Systems Theory, Health Informatics, and Its Competency Area
		3.2 The AIDH Competency Framework
		3.3 Aerospace Medicine Competency
		3.4 The Critical Factors of Aerospace Health Informatics Competency
	4 Conclusion: The Aerospace Health Informatics Core Competency
	References