Culture and global change

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 8
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 13
WHAT IS GLOBAL CHANGE?......Page 14
WHAT IS CULTURE?......Page 15
WHAT IS CULTURE AND GLOBAL CHANGE?......Page 18
STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK......Page 19
I CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 25
CULTURE IN ANTHROPOLOGY......Page 26
CULTURE IN OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES......Page 28
SUB-CULTURE AND COUNTER-CULTURE......Page 30
GRAMSCI, CULTURE, ‘CLASS’ AND HEGEMONY......Page 32
FROM ‘HEGEMONY’ TO ‘CULTURAL STUDIES’......Page 33
CONCLUSION......Page 34
GLOBAL AND GLOBALISED CULTURE......Page 36
GLOBALISED CULTURE AS WESTERNISED CULTURE......Page 37
GLOBALISATION AS THE ‘DECLINE OF THE WEST’......Page 39
NOTES......Page 43
MODERNISATION THEORY AND THE PREDOMINANCE OF ECONOMICS......Page 45
CRACKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT IDEALS......Page 47
END OF THE THIRD WORLD?......Page 48
COULD CULTURE BE A FACTOR? TAKING CULTURE SERIOUSLY......Page 49
NEW WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT DEVELOPMENT?1......Page 53
NOTE......Page 57
II  QUESTIONING CULTURAL ASSUMPTIONS......Page 58
INTRODUCTION......Page 59
THE IDEA OF ‘MODERNISATION’......Page 60
THE ‘MODERN’ VIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 61
NORTHERN ENVIRONMENTALIST OPPOSITION TO MODERNISATION......Page 63
SOUTHERN ENVIRONMENTALISTS AND MODERNISATION......Page 65
THE POSSIBILITIES AND DANGERS OF NORTH-SOUTH ENVIRONMENTALIST ALLIANCES......Page 68
A NEW CONCEPTION OF PROGRESS?......Page 70
NOTES......Page 71
5  LOCAL KNOWLEDGES AND CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES......Page 72
SOCIAL ORGANISATION, KNOWLEDGE AND LIVELIHOODS......Page 74
TECHNOLOGY, KNOWLEDGE AND THE POOR......Page 77
NOTES......Page 84
HEALTH FOR ANY BY THE YEAR 2000?......Page 85
HEALTH OR ‘WELL BEING’?......Page 88
SOCIAL HEALTH AS ‘TRADITIONAL’ PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 90
HEALERS AND THE SOCIAL HEALTH OF GROUPS......Page 93
A NATION’S MEDICAL CULTURE......Page 94
PUTTING THE ‘PUBLIC’ BACK INTO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 96
NOTES......Page 98
III  REPRESENTATIONS AND CULTURAL COMMODIFICATION......Page 100
SURFACING: HOW THE ‘IMAGE OF DEVELOPMENT’ BECAME THE OBJECT OF CONCERN......Page 101
THE STORY BREAKS: IMAGING THE ETHIOPIAN FAMINE IN 1984–5 AND ITS CONSEQUENCES......Page 105
POSITIVELY THE TRUTH; NEW TURNS IN THE IMAGING OF DEVELOPMENT?......Page 108
CULTURAL CONSEQUENCES......Page 115
NOTES......Page 116
INTRODUCTION......Page 118
MEDIA INSTITUTIONS......Page 119
THE NEW BARBARISM THESIS......Page 121
IMPLICATIONS......Page 123
A SEXUAL POLITICS OF PROSTITUTION......Page 125
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM......Page 127
INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL POLITICS......Page 128
MILITARISATION, DEVELOPMENT AND SEX TOURISM......Page 130
SEX AND CULTURE......Page 131
AN INTERNATIONAL BODY POLITICS......Page 132
RESISTANCE AND WAYS FORWARD......Page 133
MELTING POT THEORY AND THE CITY......Page 134
REPRESENTING LONDON AND LONDONERS......Page 135
CULTURAL FRAMES AND THE LONDON EVENING STANDARD......Page 136
MIND YOUR MANNERS......Page 137
HISTORY, SEX AND THE NORTHERN LINE......Page 138
POVERTY IN LONDON......Page 139
CONCLUSION......Page 140
NOTES......Page 141
IV  CULTURE AS EXPLANATION......Page 142
THE ‘DISCOVERY’ OF THE JAPANESE COMPANY SYSTEM......Page 143
THE PURPORTED ‘ORIGINS’ OF JAPAN’S UNIQUE COMPANY CULTURE......Page 147
THE ‘REALITY’ OF THE JAPANESE WORKPLACE......Page 148
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY-AS-FAMILY MODEL......Page 149
CONCLUSION: CULTURE AS IDEOLOGY......Page 151
NOTES......Page 152
INTRODUCTION......Page 153
THE DECLINE OF BRITAIN: CULTURAL-POLITICAL EXPLANATIONS......Page 154
BRITAIN’S ‘CULTURAL COMPLACENCY’......Page 155
BRITAIN’S ‘CULTURAL CHAUVINISM’......Page 156
THATCHERITE DIAGNOSIS OF ‘CULTURAL MALAISE’......Page 157
A CONSENSUS OF OPINION......Page 158
CONCLUSION......Page 160
ETHNICITY AS AN ANALYTICAL CONSTRUCT......Page 161
SOCIOBIOLOGY......Page 164
ETHNOS THEORY......Page 165
INSTRUMENTALIST APPROACHES......Page 166
RELATIONALIST APPROACHES......Page 167
RELATIONS BETWEEN LOCAL ETHNIC GROUPS AND GLOBAL FLOWS......Page 169
ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNICITY IN INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES......Page 170
CONCLUSION......Page 171
V CULTURE AND RESISTANCE......Page 173
WEAKNESS AND POWER......Page 174
WEAPONS OF THE WEAK AND HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 176
WEAPONS OF THE WEAK AND LONGER-TERM CHANGE......Page 178
EVERYDAY RESISTANCE, CULTURE AND ORGANISATION......Page 181
NOTES......Page 182
RADIO AND ‘EMPOWERMENT’......Page 183
‘CULTURES OF RESISTANCE’......Page 184
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SÃO MIGUEL PAULISTA......Page 185
VILA APARECIDA AND ‘THE PEOPLE’S RADIO’......Page 186
‘THE PEOPLE’S RADIO’ AS RESISTANCE?......Page 193
NOTES......Page 196
INTRODUCTION......Page 197
INITERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE POST-WORLD WAR II BOOM......Page 198
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE AGE OF UNCERTAINTY......Page 199
MEXICAN-US MIGRATION......Page 201
CO-OPERATION AND COMPETITION AMONG MIGRANTS; LATIN AMERICANS IN THE UK......Page 204
CONCLUSION......Page 205
NOTES......Page 206
VI  CULTURE AND HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 208
THE WEST AND THE OTHER......Page 209
WHAT IS THE WEST?2......Page 210
WHAT HUMAN RIGHTS STAND FOR......Page 211
ARE HUMAN RIGHTS RELATIVE VALUES?......Page 212
THE VOICE OF THE OTHER AND THE UNIVERSAL RIGHTS OF THE RELATIVE......Page 214
THE OUTSIDER’S DILEMMA......Page 215
NOTES......Page 216
FEMALE CIRCUMCISION IN OMDURMAN AJ JADIDA, SUDAN......Page 218
THINKING BACK TO MY REACTIONS TO FEMALE CIRCUMCISION IN THE 1980S......Page 219
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON FEMALE CIRCUMCISION......Page 222
ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FEMALE CIRCUMCISION......Page 225
PRESENT REFLECTIONS......Page 226
NOTE......Page 228
ABANDONED CHILDREN AND THE FAMILY......Page 229
THE FAMILY AS A PLACE OF SAFETY......Page 231
PITY......Page 232
FEAR......Page 233
RESPONSES TO STREET CHILDREN......Page 234
NOTES......Page 237
VII  RELIGION, CULTURE AND POLITICS......Page 239
INTRODUCTION......Page 240
RELIGION AND MODERNISATION......Page 241
IDENTITY AND POLITICS......Page 243
CULTURALIST GROUPS......Page 244
RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM......Page 245
COMMUNITY-ORIENTATED GROUPS......Page 246
CONCLUSION......Page 247
INTRODUCTION......Page 249
RELIGION AS SEED BED......Page 251
DEVELOPMENT AS INSTIGATOR OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE......Page 253
DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RELIGION AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 254
NOTES......Page 256
INTRODUCTION......Page 258
THE PARIWAR AND THE REDEFINITION OF NATIONAL IDENTITIES......Page 259
ACHIEVING THE CHANGE IN NATIONAL IDENTITIES......Page 261
CONSEOUENCES OF REDEFINED IDENTITIES......Page 263
NOTES......Page 265
VIII  CULTURE AS PRODUCT: CULTURE AS PLEASURE......Page 267
CRICKET AND THE CARIBBEAN......Page 268
WEST INDIES VERSUS ENGLAND— POST-COLONIAL IDENTITIES, CITIZENSHIP AND CULTURAL RIGHTS......Page 269
EXILED FROM THE OVAL: ‘RACE’ AND CLASS AT PLAY......Page 272
THE BATTLE BEGINS: CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS......Page 275
CONCLUSION......Page 277
INTRODUCTION......Page 278
BOLLYWOOD AND THIRD CINEMA......Page 279
‘HOLLYWOOD RAISES HELL IN BOLLYWOOD’3......Page 281
BOLLYWOOD VS HOLLYWOOD......Page 282
POPULAR DISCOURSES OF HOLLYWOOD/BOLLYWOOD OPPOSITION......Page 284
CINEMA DISTRIBUTION AND EXHIBITION......Page 286
VIDEO......Page 287
SATELLITE/CABLE TELEVISION......Page 288
‘BOLLYWOOD OR BUST!’......Page 289
OPPOSITIONS TO BOLLYWOOD......Page 290
CONCLUSION......Page 293
NOTES......Page 294
INTRODUCTON......Page 295
THE EARLY YEARS......Page 296
SOCIALIST REALISM......Page 297
THE THAW......Page 298
GLASNOST......Page 299
CRISIS IN THE FILM INDUSTRY......Page 300
THE RISE AND FALL OF PRODUCTION......Page 302
CAN THE RUSSIAN FILM INDUSTRY SURVIVE?......Page 303
REFERENCES......Page 304
INDEX......Page 328