Cultural anthropology : the human challenge

Cover
Half Title
Title
Statement
Copyright
Dedication
Brief Contents
Features Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Ch 1: The Essence of Anthropology
	Ch 1: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	The Anthropological Perspective
	Anthropology and Its Fields
	Anthropology, Science, and the Humanities
	Doing Anthropology in the Field
	Questions of Ethics
	Anthropology and Globalization
	Ch 1: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 1: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 1: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 2: Characteristics of Culture
	Ch 2: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Culture and Adaptation
	The Concept and Characteristics of Culture
	Functions of Culture
	Culture, Society, and the Individual
	Culture and Change
	Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Evaluation of Cultures
	Ch 2: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 2: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 2: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 3: Ethnographic Research—Its History, Methods, and Theories
	Ch 3: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	History of Ethnographic Research and Its Uses
	Doing Ethnography
	Challenges of Ethnographic Fieldwork
	Completing an Ethnography
	A Brief Overview of Anthropology’s Theoretical Perspectives
	Ethical Responsibilities in Anthropological Research
	Ch 3: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 3: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 3: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 4: Becoming Human—The Origin and Diversity of Our Species
	Ch 4: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Humans and Other Primates
	A Short History of Research on Evolution and Genetics
	Evolution Through Adaptation
	Human Ancestors
	Archaic Humans
	Global Expansion of Homo sapiens
	Anatomically Modern Peoples in the Upper Paleolithic
	Human Migrations from Siberia to America
	New Human Erawith the Domestication of Animals and Plants
	Human Biological Variation and the Problem of Race
	Ch 4: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 4: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 4: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 5: Language and Communication
	Ch 5: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Linguistic Research and the Nature of Language
	Descriptive Linguistics
	Historical Linguistics
	Language in Its Social and Cultural Settings
	Language Versatility
	Beyond Words: The Gesture–Call System
	Tonal Languages
	Talking Drums and Whistled Speech
	The Origins of Language
	From Speech to Writing
	Literacy and Modern Telecommunication
	Ch 5: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 5: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 5: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 6: Social Identity, Personality, and Gender
	Ch 6: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Enculturation: The Self and Social Identity
	Culture and Personality
	Alternative Gender Models
	Normal and Abnormal Personality in Social Context
	Personal Identity and Mental Health in Globalizing Society
	Ch 6: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 6: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 6: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 7: Patterns of Subsistence
	Ch 7: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Adaptation
	Modes of Subsistence
	Food-Foraging Societies
	Food-Producing Societies
	Adaptation in Cultural Evolution
	Population Growth and the Limits of Progress
	Ch 7: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 7: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 7: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 8: Economic Systems
	Ch 8: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Economic Anthropology
	Case Study: The Yam Complex in Trobriand Culture
	Production and Its Resources
	Distribution and Exchange
	Local Economies and Global Capitalism
	Informal Economy and the Escape from State Bureaucracy
	Ch 8: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 8: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 8: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 9: Sex, Marriage, and Family
	Ch 9: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Regulation of Sexual Relations
	Marriage and the Regulation of Sexual Relations
	Marriage as a Universal Institution
	Forms of Marriage
	Choice of Spouse
	Marriage and Economic Exchange
	Divorce
	Family and Household
	Residence Patterns
	Marriage, Family, and Household in Our Technological and Globalized World
	Ch 9: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 9: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 9: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 10: Kinship and Descent
	Ch 10: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Descent Groups
	Descent Within the Larger Cultural System
	Bilateral Kinship and the Kindred
	Kinship Terminology and Kinship Groups
	Making Relatives
	Ch 10: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 10: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 10: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 11: Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status
	Ch 11: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Grouping by Gender
	Grouping by Age
	Grouping by Common Interest
	Grouping by Social Status in Stratified Societies
	Ch 11: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 11: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 11: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 12: Politics, Power, War, and Peace
	Ch 12: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Systems of Political Organization
	Political Systems and the Question of Authority
	Politics and Religion
	Politics and Gender
	Cultural Controls in Maintaining Order
	Holding Trials, Settling Disputes, and Punishing Crimes
	Violent Conflict and Warfare
	Peacemaking
	Ch 12: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 12: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 12: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 13: Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism
	Ch 13: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Roles of Spirituality and Religion
	Anthropological Approach to Spirituality and Religion
	Myth and the Mapping of a Sacred Worldview
	Supernatural Beings and Spiritual Forces
	Religious Specialists
	Ritual Performances
	Sacred Sites: Saints, Shrines, and Miracles
	Cultural Dynamics in the Superstructure: Religious and Spiritual Change
	Ch 13: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 13: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 13: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 14: The Arts
	Ch 14: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	The Anthropological Study of Art
	The Functions of Art
	Art, Globalization, and Cultural Survival
	Ch 14: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 14: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 14: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 15: Processes of Cultural Change
	Ch 15: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Cultural Change and the Relativity of Progress
	Mechanisms of Change
	Repressive Change
	Reactions to Change
	Rebellion and Revolution
	Modernization
	Ch 15: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 15: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 15: Digging into Anthropology
Ch 16: Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology
	Ch 16: In This Chapter You Will Learn To
	Cultural Revolutions: From Terra Incognita to Google Earth
	Pluralistic Societies and Multiculturalism
	Structural Power in the Age of Globalization
	Problems of Structural Violence
	Reactions to Globalization
	Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: Struggles for Human Rights
	Anthropology’s Role in Meeting the Challenges of Globalization
	Ch 16: Chapter Checklist
	Ch 16: Questions for Reflection
	Ch 16: Digging into Anthropology
Glossary
Bibliography
Index