Cultural anthropology

Content: Machine generated contents note: 1. What Is Anthropology? --
Preview --
The Study of Humanity --
The Concept of Culture --
A Holistic Perspective --
A Comparative Perspective --
The Four Subfields of Anthropology --
Cultural Anthropology --
Linguistic Anthropology --
Archaeology --
Biological Anthropology --
Applied Anthropology --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
2. The Nature of Culture --
Preview --
What Is Culture? --
Characteristics of Culture --
Culture Is Shared --
Culture Is Learned --
Culture Is Adaptive --
Culture Is Integrated --
Culture Is Based on Symbols --
Culture Organizes the Way People Think about the World --
Culture Change --
Internal Culture Change --
External Culture Change --
Global Culture --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
3. Studying Culture --
Preview --
Anthropology and the Explanation of Cultural Diversity --
Evolutionism --
Empiricism --
Functionalism. Contents note continued: Modern Theoretical Perspectives: An Overview --
Materialist Perspectives --
Structuralist Perspectives --
Interpretive Anthropology --
Conflict Perspectives and the Analysis of Culture and Power --
Reflexive Anthropology --
Ethnography and Fieldwork --
Cross-Cultural Comparisons --
Ethnohistorical Research --
Ethnographic Fieldwork --
Doing Fieldwork --
Anthropological Research in Urban Societies --
The Anthropology of Anthropology --
Ethical Issues in Anthropology --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
4. Language and Culture --
Preview --
What Is Language? --
The Components of Language --
Phonology: The System of Sounds --
Morphology: The Structure of Words --
Syntax: The Structure of Sentences --
Semantics: The Study of Meaning --
Nonverbal Communication --
Linguistic Anthropology --
Linguistic Relativity --
Language, Worldview, and Revitalization Efforts --
The Study of Language Speakers --
Language and Dialects. Contents note continued: Language and Gender, Class, and Race --
African American English --
Ethnosemantics --
Componential Analysis --
Cultural Presuppositions --
Ethnography of Communication --
Processes of Language Change --
Creoles, Pidgins, and Lingua Francas --
Historical Linguistics --
Loanwords --
Language and Globalization --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
5. Learning One's Culture --
Preview --
The Process of Enculturation --
Becoming a Human Being --
Child Rearing --
Informal and Formal Learning --
Learning Skills and Values --
Learning Behavioral Expectations --
Age and Gender Socialization --
Rites of Passage --
Schooling --
Psychological Anthropology --
Culture and Personality Traits --
Culture and Self-Concept --
Culture and Cognition --
Deviance and Abnormal Behavior in Cross-Cultural Perspective --
Responses to "Mental Illness" --
Culture-Specific Psychological Disorders --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions. Contents note continued: Myanthrolab Connections --
6. Making a Living --
Preview --
Economic Anthropology --
Understanding Human Subsistence Patterns --
Foraging versus Food Production --
Ecosystem, Adaptation, and Carrying Capacity --
Subsistence and Settlement Pattern --
Subsistence and Population --
Subsistence, Work, and Division of Labor --
Subsistence and Social Relations --
Foraging --
Ecological Factors --
Optimal Foraging --
Population Factors --
Social and Cultural Factors --
Land, Labor, and Production in Foraging Societies --
Pastoralism --
Combined Subsistence Strategies --
Land and Labor in Pastoralist Societies --
Nomadic Pastoralism --
Horticulture --
Impacts of Sedentism and Surpluses --
Slash-and-Burn Horticulture --
Gender Allocation of Work --
Agriculture --
Intensive Agriculture and Crop Variety --
Subsistence and Culture Change --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
7. Economic Systems --
Preview --
Analyzing Economic Systems. Contents note continued: Allocating Land and Resources --
Producing Goods --
Organizing Labor --
Distributing and Exchanging Products and Services --
Market Economies and Capitalism --
Impacts of Colonial Expansion, Industrialism, and Globalization --
Colonialism and the Exploitation of Labor --
Industrial Economies --
Industrial Agriculture --
Social Consequences of Capitalism and Industrialism --
Comparing Subsistence Strategies --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
8. Kinship and Descent --
Preview --
Kinship Systems --
Bilateral Descent --
Unilineal Descent --
Matrilineal and Patrilineal Systems --
Prevalence of Matrilineal and Patrilineal Descent --
Matrilineal and Patrilineal Societies Compared --
Influence and Inheritance in Unilineal Descent Groups --
Other Forms of Unilineal Descent --
Unilineal Descent Groups --
Lineages --
Exogamy and Endogamy --
Clans --
Phratries and Moieties --
Patterns of Relationships --
Patterns of Change. Contents note continued: Kinship Terminology Systems --
The Eskimo and Hawaiian Systems --
The Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese Systems --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
9. Marriage and the Family --
Preview --
Defining Marriage And Family --
Families and Ideal Types --
Nuclear Families --
Extended and Joint Families --
Endogamy, Exogamy, and the Incest Taboo --
Effects of Exogamy on Social Organization --
Effects of Endogamy on Social Organization --
Forms of Marriage --
Polygyny and Polyandry --
Explanations of Polygyny --
Specialized Adaptive Forms of Marriage --
Same-Sex Marriage --
Marriage as Alliance and Economic Exchange --
Bridewealth and Brideservice --
Groom-Service and Groom-Wealth --
Dowry --
Marriage as a Rite of Passage --
Patterns of Residence After Marriage --
Matrilocal and Patrilocal Residence --
Avunculocal Residence --
Bilocal and Neolocal Residence --
Correlates of Residence Patterns --
Widowhood and Divorce. Contents note continued: The Levirate and Sororate --
Divorce --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
10. Gender --
Preview --
Sex and Gender --
Evolutionary Perspectives --
The Cultural Construction of Gender Identity --
Gender and Sexuality --
Gender and Homosexuality --
Gender Roles and Relations --
Division of Labor by Gender --
Gender and Status --
Gender and Subsistence --
Foragers and Gender --
Gender in Pastoral Societies --
Gender in Horticultural Societies --
Gender in Agricultural States --
Industrialism, Postindustrialism, and Gender --
Globalization and Gender --
Women's Roles in Urban and Rural Economic Development --
Women in Changing Socialist States --
Gender and Political Representation --
Impacts of Ideology on Gender Constructs --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
11. Equality And Inequality --
Preview --
Equality, Inequality, and Social Stratification --
Egalitarian Societies --
Ranked Societies. Contents note continued: Stratified Societies --
Explaining Social Stratification --
Caste and Class --
Determinants of Class --
Social Class and Language --
Slavery --
Race and Ethnicity --
Race as Caste --
Race in the United States --
White Privilege --
Race in Brazil --
Ethnic Identity --
Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Ideology in American Society --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
12. Political Systems --
Preview --
Political Anthropology --
Types of Political Organization --
Bands --
Tribes --
Confederacies --
Chiefdoms --
Characteristics of State Societies --
Political Change and State Societies --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
13. Conflict and Conflict Resolution --
Preview --
Evolutionary Perspectives on Conflict --
Avoiding Conflict --
Politeness --
Channeled Aggression --
Role of Reciprocity in Conflict Avoidance --
Witchcraft and Ritual in Conflict Resolution. Contents note continued: Patterns of Family and Community Conflict --
Family Violence --
Conflicts in Bands and Tribes --
Blood Vengeance and the Feud --
Patterns of Conflict Between Groups --
Warfare --
Impacts of Globalization on Warfare --
Warfare in State Societies --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
14. Religion --
Preview --
What Is Religion? --
The Origins and Functions of Religion --
Explaining the World --
Solace, Healing, and Emotional Release --
Social Cohesion --
Social Control --
Economic Adaptation --
Spirit Beings and Forces --
Animism and Animatism --
Gods and Heroes --
Ancestors, Ghosts, and Demons --
Mana, Totems, and Taboos --
Religious Practitioners --
Mediums, Diviners, and Healers --
Shamans and Priests --
Religious Practice --
Sacred and Secular Rituals --
Prayer and Sacrifice --
Rites of Passage --
Healing or Curing --
Magic and Witchcraft --
Religion and Culture Change --
Revitalization Movements --
Cargo Cults. Contents note continued: Role of Founders in Buddhist, Judeo-Christian, and Islamic Traditions --
Religion and Globalization --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
15. The Arts --
Preview --
What Is Art? --
Cultural Aesthetics --
Body Art --
Origins and Functions of Art Objects --
The Arts of Sound and Movement --
Oral Literature and Written Texts --
Art and Globalization --
Art and identity --
Art in the Global Economy --
Art and Tourism --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
16. Colonialism and Cultural Transformations --
Preview --
European Colonialism --
Colonialism Defined --
A World System --
Types of Colonies --
The European Slave Trade --
Slavery in Africa --
Slavery in the Americas --
Trade and Settlement in North America --
The Fur Trade --
Westward Expansion and Depopulation --
Spanish Colonization in the Americas --
Spanish Landholding in the Colonies --
Mining Quotas --
Intermarriage --
The Mission System. Contents note continued: Agents of Directed Culture Change --
Missionaries --
Schoolteachers --
Government Officials --
A Cash Economy --
Justifications for Colonial Rule --
White Man's Burden --
A Sacred Trust --
The Reservation System --
Reactions of Indigenous Peoples to European Colonizers --
Trade Goods and Gods --
Guns and Other Technological Wonders --
Native Resistance and Retaliation --
Globalization in the Postcolonial Era --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections --
17. Living in a Global World --
Preview --
Migration --
Rural-to-Urban Migration --
Transnational Migration --
Ethnogenesis and Ethnic Identities --
Transnationalism --
Nationalism and Pluralism --
Genocide? The Case of Rwanda --
Reactions against Pluralism --
Globalization and Cultural Identities --
A Global Identity? --
Cultural Minorities in a Global World --
United States and Canada --
Mexico and Indigenismo --
Brazil and the "Indian Problem" --
Indians of the Brazilian Savanna. Contents note continued: "Uncontacted Tribes" in the Amazon --
Costs of Economic Development in Ecuador and Bolivia --
Developments in Africa --
Legal Rights and International Recognition --
Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples --
Conservation, Ecotourism, and Indigenous Lands --
Chapter Summary --
Review Questions --
Myanthrolab Connections.