Crusading Against Christians in the Middle Ages

Contents
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Maps
Chapter 1: Introduction
	Definitions
	Past Literature
	Theoretical Foundations and Origins of Crusades against Christians
	Outline of the Present Volume
Part I: Crusades in Southern Europe and the Balkans
	Chapter 2: Crusades Against Cathars, c.1207–1229
		Introduction and Historiography
		Who Did Contemporaries Think the Cathars Were?
		Who Did Popes Think the Cathars Were?
		Why Did Popes Call for the Albigensian Crusade?
		How Did the Papacy Inspire People to Take Part in the Albigensian Crusade?
		How Did the Albigensian Crusade Compare with Crusades to the Holy Land?
		Conclusion: The Development of Papal Crusading Policy
	Chapter 3: Holy War and Crusade in Southern Italy: Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries
		Introduction and Historiography
		The Origins of Crusades against Christians
		The Crusades against the Hohenstaufen and the Arrival of the Angevins
		The War of the Sicilian Vespers and the Crusades: Papal Support of the Angevins
		After the Peace of Caltabellotta (1302): The Fading of the Sicilian Crusades
		Conclusion
	Chapter 4: Crusades in Northern Italy in the Thirteenth Century
		Introduction and Historiography
		Preludes to the Northern Italian Crusades: The Pontificates of Innocent III and Honorius IV (1198–1227)
		Papal and Imperial Quasi-crusading (1227–1239)
		The Crusade against Frederick II and His Northern Italian Supporters (1240–1250)
		The Crusade against Frederick II and Heterodoxy
		Surge and Decline of Crusading within Northern Italy after Frederick II’s Death in 1250: The Case of Ezzelino da Romano
		Conclusions
	Chapter 5: Crusades in Northern Italy in the Fourteenth Century
		Introduction and Historiography
		The Crusades
		The Chroniclers
		Conclusions
	Chapter 6: Crusades Against the Byzantines
		Historiography
		Crusading Aggression up to 1204
		A New Crusade Front
		From Targets to Allies
		Crusading to Heal the Schism?
		A “Real” Crusade?
		Conclusion: Impact of Crusades against the Byzantines
	Chapter 7: The Crusade Against “Schismatic” Bulgaria (1238) and Its Antecedents
		Introduction and Historiography
		Historical Background
		The Conflict Between Bulgaria and the Latin Empire
		Relations Between Bulgaria and Popes Honorius III and Gregory IX
		Deterioration of Relations Between Bulgaria and Rome, 1232–1238
		The Crusade against Bulgaria
		Later Crusades and Bulgaria
		Conclusion
	Chapter 8: Crusading Against Bosnian Christians, c.1234–1241
		Historical Background
		Historiographical Overview
		A Land Deserted and Impassable: The “Work of the Cross” in Bosnia in the 1230s
		Conclusions
	Chapter 9: Crusades Against the Catalans of Athens, c.1311–1334
		Introduction and Historiography
		Historical Background
		The Evolution of the Catalans as Targets of Crusading
		Conclusions
Part II: Crusades in Northern and Central Europe
	Chapter 10: Crusades in the Holy Roman Empire (Late 1220s to the Early 1250s)
		Introduction and Historiography
		The Conflict of the Bishop of Utrecht with the Burgrave of Coevorden and the Drenther
		The Crusade against the Stedinger
		The Activity of the Inquisitor Conrad of Marburg
		The Crusade against the Staufen
		Conclusions
	Chapter 11: Rus’ as a Target of the Crusades: History and Historical Memory
		Crusading against Rus’ in Historiography and Historical Memory
		The Actual Crusades
		Conclusion
	Chapter 12: Crusade Against Christian Neighbours in the Baltic. Boniface IX’s Crusading Bull of 1401 to Queen Margaret I of the Kalmar Union
		Introduction and Historiography
		The Crusading Bull
		Crusade against Christians
		A Crusade—but against Whom?
		Danger from the East
		A Dormant Enemy?
		Conclusion
		Appendix
	Chapter 13: The Crusade of Henry Despenser (1383)
		Introduction and Historiography
		Background to the Crusade
		Recruitment and Financing
		The Course of the Crusade and Its Consequences
		Conclusions
	Chapter 14: The Crusades Against the Hussites in Bohemia (1419–1436)
		Introduction
		Sources
		Historiography
		The Agents and Course of Events of the Anti-Hussite Crusades
		Characteristics of the Anti-Hussite Crusades
	Chapter 15: Conclusion
		Organisational Characteristics
		Rhetoric and Legitimisation
		Impact and Response
Index