Crises and Popular Dissent: The Divided West

Cover
Crises and Popular Dissent
Crises and Popular Dissent: The Divided West
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
1. The Crisis of Liberal Hegemony and the Populist Challenge: Terms and Context
	Introduction: The Argument of the Book
	Themes and Questions
	Key Concepts in Relation to Themes and Questions
		Liberalism: Neoliberalism and Progressive Liberalism. Hegemony
		Populism
		Social Movements: Relationship to Populism
		Social Stratification and Identity Concepts in Relation to Neoliberalism and Populism
		Racialism and Racism. Ethnicity. Immigration
	Populism and Liberalism’s Relationship to Other Ideologies and Political Parties
		Ideology
		A Framework for Comparing Populism and Neoliberalism to Other Ideologies
			Populism in the Political Spectrum
		Defining Far Right, Far Left, Extreme and Radical Right in Relation to Populism
		Neoliberalism's Influence within the Political Spectrum
	Conclusion: Youth as an Agent of Progressive Change
2. Populism: An Introduction and the Bigger Picture
	Introduction: Populism, an Ambiguous Concept
	What Is Populism: ‘The People’ versus ‘The Elite’
	Populism: The Big Debate
		The Ideology Debate
		A General Will or a Collective Will?
		Populism: Pluralist or Anti-pluralist?
	Left and Right Populism and Variations
		Populist Parties in Alliance with Mainstream Parties
		Populism: Direct Democracy and Authoritarian Leadership
		Leadership and Representation: Left Populism's Charisma Conundrum
		A Democratic Deficit …
		Stages of Populist Development: Protests, Movements and Political Parties
	A Populist Cultural Trend: ‘The Culture Wars’
		Technological Revolution, Social Media and Cultural Hegemony
		New Battles: Familiar Issues
		Hegemonic Elites and Mass Participants: ‘Putting on the Style’
		The Effects and Influence of Social Media
		Power, Politics and Media
	The Continuation of the Culture Wars
	Conclusion: Towards Participatory Democracy
3. Liberalism: ‘A House Divided against Itself …’
	Introduction: Liberalism under Seige
	Liberalism 1989: Triumph and Hubris
	The Gathering Crisis of Liberalism, Post-1989
	The Roots of Liberalism: Capitalism, Democracy and Human Rights
		New Wealth Challenges Traditional Authority: A Liberal Revolution
		The Evolution of Human Rights: Hobbes and Locke
	The Enlightenment: A Mixed Heritage
		An Uncompleted ‘Enlightenment’
	Progressive Liberalism and Neoliberalism
		What Is Progressive Liberalism?
		The Rise of Neoliberalism and Globalisation
	Progressives by Other Names
		A Conservative Critique of ‘Ultra’ Left and Right Liberalism
	Conclusion: Towards A Left-liberal Progressive Dialogue
		A Progressive Alliance?
4. Brexit and the 2019 Election in Britain; Trump 2016: The Nationalist Turn
	Introduction: 2016: Why Did Liberalism Falter?
	Factors Associated with Brexit and the Election of Donald Trump: 2016
		Context: Realignment of Political Parties in Relation to Class and Race
		The Financial Crisis and the Great Recession: Austerity
		Immigration: The British Context
		Right Populism: A Nationalist Response to Immigration
		The Response of the Left to Austerity: Alter-globalisation
		Left and Right Populist Interpretations of Immigration
		Changes in British Immigration and Asylum Law: 2020–2021
	The Brexit and 2016 Presidential Votes: The Data; Nationalism Wins over Liberalism – Just
		The Corbyn Factor in Brexit 2016 and the General Elections of 2017 and 2019
	Interpretations of Brexit and Trump’s 2016 Election Win
		Frustrations and Anxieties behind the Brexit and Trump Votes 2016
		Eatwell and Goodwin's, and Kaufmann's Anti-cosmopolitanism
	The Case for a Progressive Revival
5. Populism, Progressivism and Social Movements in the United States: Sanders, Trump and Biden
	Introduction: A Populist Zeitgeist
	Southern Populists and a Progressive Centre
		Huey Long: Charismatic Champion of the Poor
		George Wallace: Racist Defender of Segregation and White Supremacy
	1960s Social Movements; Occupy; Black Lives Matter
		Charles Wright Mills: An Elite/Mass Analysis of American Society
		The (Early) American New Left: A beacon of Participatory Democracy
		‘Monism’ as a Description of Neo/populism: A Critique
			The Occupy Movement
		‘Black Lives Matter’
	Precursors of Trump: Perot, Buchanan and the Tea Party
		The Tea Party
	Trump, Sanders and Biden
		The Presidential Election of 2016
	The Presidential Election of 2020: The Wheel Turns
	The Stormng of the Capitol by Trump Supporters and Its Global Impact
		Was the Attack on the Capitol an Attempted Coup?
		Trump's Suspension from Twitter and Freedom of Speech: Social Media Regulation
		The Divisiveness of Trump and Brexit Compared: The Role of Racism
	Epilogue; President Biden’s Inauguration – The Tasks Ahead
6. Europe: Empire and Immigration: Liberalism under Question
	Introduction: Europe’s Shift to the Right: Mid-1970s to …
	The Causes of Europe’s Right/Left Divide
		Post-second World War Openness to Immigration into Europe Followed by Growing Opposition
	Consequences of Empire: Immigration and Political Polarisation
		Different Responses to Empire: Al-Qaeda and Black Lives Matter
		The Impact of Al-Qaeda and ISIL's Attacks on Racism and Ethnic Conflict
		Black Lives Matter: A Movement for Safety and Equal Representation
		Responsibility for the Consequences of Empire
	The EU: Expansion and Member Tensions: Immigration, Multiculturalism and Right Populism
		Expansion and Member Tensions
		Immigration, Multiculturalism and the Refugee Crisis of 2015
		An Alternative Approach to Multiculturalism: Interculturalism
	Authoritarian Populism in Eastern Europe: Hungary and Poland
	Left Populism: Greece and Spain
		Syriza
		Podemos
	Conclusion: The Social Democratic Predicament in Europe: 2020
7. Populism, Social Movements and Democratic Equality in Britain
	Introduction: Popular Power: Protest and Progress
	Populism in Early Nineteenth-century England
		A Contemporary Populism Protest: The Battle of Barton Moss
	Right and Left Populism in Britain: The Issues after Brexit
		Right Populist and the Conservative Party Post-Brexit
	Left Populism and/or a Progressive Revival
	Radical Democracy: A Fourth Phase of Citizenship?
8. Radical Democracy: The Way Forward
	Introduction: From Representation to Participation
		The Burgeoning of Radical Democracy: The Social Movements
	Community Power and Participatory Democracy
		Community Awareness and Activism
		Community Development, Funding and Ethics
		The Advantages of Community Participation
		Community at the National and Transnational Levels
	Civil Society and Social Renewal: Examples
		Local Initiatives in Participation
	From Social Renewal to National Participatory Democratic Reform
		Conclusion: The Way Forward
9. Social and Political Implications of Planetary Crisis and Covid-19
	A Connected Natural World: The Human Factor
	Climate Change and Covid-19: Global Issues. What Solutions?
		Competition and Conflict: Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?
		Small Individual Acts: Big Collective Outcomes
		Green Parties and Social Movements: Extinction Rebellion
		State and International Institutional Response
		Global Problems Need Global Solutions
		The Local Level and Global Perspective
	Covid-19: Lessons for Democracy and Equality
	Covid-19: Good Governance and Grass Roots Democracy
	Covid-19 and Inequality
	Conclusion: ‘Outside Looking In’?
10. Conclusion: Values and Priorities in a Reduced World: With Recommended Readings/References
	Introduction
	Key Issues: Overview and Questions
	Conclusion: The Future
		Planetary and Human Well-being: Survival
		The Old World and the New: Technology, Work and Creativity
		Liberalism and Democratic Equality
		Empire and Globalisation
		Populism: Threat and Promise
		Black and White and Mixed Race: Human Equality
		Immigration: Fairness Going Forward
		Education for Participation
		It’s Down to the Young – but Not Only
		Failing Realism and Realistic Utopia
	Conclusion: The Future
References
Index