Crises and Disruptions in International Business: How Multinational Enterprises Respond to Crises (JIBS Special Collections)

Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Introduction
	1: Unique Implications of Crises and Disruptions for International Business: How Established MNEs Are Exposed to Crises and Mitigate Their Effects
		MNEs, Crises, and Disruptions
		MNE Structural Characteristics
			Exposure to Crises and Disruptions
			Capabilities to Manage Crises and Disruptions
		MNE Characteristics of Operational Functioning
			Exposure to Crises and Disruptions
			Capabilities to Manage Crises and Disruptions
			Volume Content: Conceptualizing Crises and Disruptions in International Business
		References
Part II: Multi-Stakeholder Pressures and Political Conflict
	2: Speculation in International Crises: Report from the Gulf
		Introduction
		The Gulf Crisis: A Brief Nonmilitary Account
		Derivatives Trading and Oil-Price Volatility in the Gulf Crisis: Empirical Approach
		Results
		Conclusion: Interpretation and Implications for International Business
			Implications for Governments and Multilaterals
			Implications for Companies
		Conclusion
		References
	3: Global Closure, Crises and Financial Markets: A Commentary
		Introduction
		The Interaction Between Technology, Traders and International Business
			Oil MNEs – The Winners of the Gulf Crisis?
		Is Weiner’s 2005 Paper Dated?
		References
	4: Why and How Might Firms Respond Strategically to Violent Conflict?
		Introduction
		Theory and Hypotheses
			Firm Response to Violent Conflict Risk
			Stakeholder Pressure and Firm Strategic Response to Violent Conflict
		Methods
			Sample
			Data Collection
			Measures
				Dependent Variable: Firm Response
				Independent Variables
				Control Variables
		Analysis and Results
		Discussion
			Limitations and Future Directions
			Implications for Theory and Practice
		Conclusion
		Appendix 1
			Scales for Dependent Variables
				Scale Measuring Direct and Indirect Strategic Responses
				Scale Measuring Collaborative or Unilateral action
		Appendix 2
			Measures Derived From Factor-Based Scales
				Indirect and Collaborative Response
				Indirect and Unilateral Response
				Direct and Collaborative Response
				Direct and Unilateral Response
		Appendix 3
			Scales for Independent Variables
				Scale for Local Stakeholders
				Scale for International Stakeholders
		References
	5: New ‘Dominant Logic’ on How Firms Respond to Crises: A Commentary
		Oetzel and Getz (2012) Original Research Motivation
		State-of-the-Field on Crises and Disruptions
		A New Mindset for Managing Risk?
		References
	6: Why and How Might the Modern MNE Respond Strategically to Violent Conflict: A Commentary
		Introduction
		Where Do We Stand? Divestment and Investment in the Face of Violent Conflict
		The Effect of MNE Strategy on Conflict Risk?
		Conflict-Profiting Firms
		Non-market Strategy and Institution Building
		Final Remarks
		References
Part III: Conflict Zones, Firm Strategy and MNE Performance Outcomes
	7: Place, Space, and Geographical Exposure: Foreign Subsidiary Survival in Conflict Zones
		Introduction
		Theory and Hypotheses
			Threat and Exposure
			Conflict Zones as Subnational Geographic Places
			Static exposure
			Dynamic Exposure
			Concentration and Dispersion of Firms in Geographic Space
			Geographic Concentration of Home-country Peers
			Geographic Dispersion of Same-parent Subsidiaries
		Methodology
			Sample
			Dependent and Independent Variables
				Exit
			Static Exposure
			Dynamic Exposure
			Geographic Concentration of Home-country Peers
			Geographic Dispersion of Same-parent Subsidiaries
			Control Variables
		Results
			Robustness Tests
			Post-Hoc Analysis
		Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	8: Place and Space in Foreign Subsidiary Exit from Conflict Zones: A Commentary
		Going Back in Time
		Vulnerability as a Theoretical Framework
		Linking Vulnerability to Place and Space
		Capturing “Place” Using GIS Coordinates
		Distance (Static Exposure) Versus Diversity (Dynamic Exposure)
		Capturing “Space” as Peers and Sisters
		Diversity and Econometric Methods
		Conclusion
		References
	9: Impact of Historical Conflict on FDI Location and Performance: Japanese Investment in China
		Introduction
		Theory and Hypotheses
			Historical Conflict
			Animosity
			Historical Conflict Between China and Japan
			Historical Conflict and FDI Location Choices
			Historical Conflict and FDI Performance
			Political Capital Accumulation Strategies
		Method
			Sample and Variables
			Models
			Results
			Additional Analysis
		Discussion
			Contributions
			Implications
			Limitations and Future Research
		Appendix: Variable Definitions and Sources
		References
	10: Foreign Direct Investment and Military Conflicts: A Commentary
		Introduction: A Complex Relationship Between Historical Conflict and FDI
			A New and Expanded Paradigm of Global Risk
			Risk Interdependence and Interconnectedness: A New Paradigm
			Future Research: Where Next?
		References
Part IV: Climate Change, Climate Risk and MNE Strategy
	11: A Perspective on Multinational Enterprises and Climate Change: Learning from “an Inconvenient Truth”?
		Introduction
		The Nature of Climate-Induced FSA Development
		Applying the Framework to MNEs’ Climate Activities
		The Geography of Climate-Induced FSA Development
		Applying the Framework To MNEs’ Climate Activities
		Conclusion: A Research Agenda
		References
	12: International Business, Climate Change and the Energy Transition: A Commentary on the Importance of Business Models and Digitalization
		Introduction
		From Green FSAs to Climate-Induced BMSAs
		Refining Salience: The Influence of Business Models and Digitalization
		“Bringing it all together”? On Embeddedness, Transferability and Recombination
		References
	13: The Impact of Climate Risk on Firm Performance and Financing Choices: An International Comparison
		Introduction
		Literature Review and Hypothesis Development
			Effect of Climate Risk on Financial Performance and Earnings Volatility
			Effect of Climate Risk on Financial Policy
				Effect of Climate Risk on Debt
			Effect of Climate Risk on Cash Holding
		Measurement and Sample Data
			Measurement
			Data
		Methodology and Descriptive Statistics
			Methodology
			Descriptive Statistics
		Main Results
			Effect of Climate Risk on Financial Performance
			Effect of Climate Risk on Earnings Volatility
			Effect of Climate Risk on Financing Policies
			Effects of Vulnerable Industries
		Robustness Tests
			Instrument Variable Method: Population Density
			Propensity-Score-Matched Sample
			Insurance Coverage
			CRI for US Multinational Firms
			Alternative Measure of Global Climate Risk
			Other Robustness Tests
		Conclusion
		Appendix
		References
	14: The Impact of Climate Risk on Firm Performance and Financing Choices: A Commentary
		Introduction
		Furthering the Debate on Climate Risk
		What Should Be the Main Focus of Future Research?
		References
Part V: The Impact of Crises and Disruptions on Local Market Strategies and Legitimacy
	15: Liability of Foreignness, Natural Disasters, and Corporate Philanthropy
		Introduction
		Theoretical Development
			Disasters and Social Restructuring
			Social Spaces and the Legitimation of MNEs
			Expansion of Social Ties
			Initial Skepticism Towards MNEs
			Accumulation of Trust Over Time
			Development of the Potential for Reciprocity
		Data and Methods
			Empirical Setting
			Sample
			Measures
				Dependent Variables
				Independent Variables
				Controls
			Analytical Model
		Results
		Discussion and Conclusion
		Appendix 1: The Impact of Natural Disasters (Earthquakes and Floods) in India
		Appendix 2: Proportion of Sample Located in the Impact Zone
		Appendix 3: Subsample Means for Matched Sample
		Appendix 4: GLS Random Effects Regression Models for Matched Sample
		Appendix 5: GLS Random Effects Regression Model
		References
	16: Liability of Foreignness, Natural Disasters, and Corporate Philanthropy: A Commentary
		Introduction
		Social Restructuring
		Emergent Social Spaces
		Distinct Organizational Responses
		Unanswered Questions
		References
	17: International HRM Insights for Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Future Research and Practice
		Introduction
		Handling the COVID-19 Crisis
			Insights from IHRM’s Selection, Training, and Employee Support Literature
				Selection
				Training
				Support
			Insights from IHRM’s Management of Health and Safety
				Communication and Support for Health and Safety
				Flexible Work Arrangements
			Insights from International Leadership in MNEs
				Adaptation
				Integration
				Direction
			Insights from the Literature on Virtual International Collaboration
			Insights from Global Talent Management
				Strategic Positions
				Talent Pool
		Implications for IHRM Research: Looking Beyond the Pandemic
			Managing with Global Uncertainty
				Leadership and Talent Management
				Collaborating Under Stress
				Health and Safety
			Facilitating Global Work
				Global Teams and Virtual Collaboration
				International Assignments
			Redefining Performance
		Conclusion
		References
	18: The Impact of COVID-19 on International HRM Research and Practice: A Commentary
		Introduction
		Caligiuri et al. (2020) Key Themes Revisited
		Moving from the Tactical to the Strategic
		Conclusion
		References
Part VI: Conclusion
	19: Moving Forward in a Post-COVID World
		Introduction
		Crises and Disruption Through the Lens of Risk and Uncertainty
			Category 1: Risk (Uncertainty) Can Be Defined as Uncertainty (Risk)
			Category 2: Risk and Uncertainty Are Distinct, and They Can Co-Exist
			Category 3: Risk and Uncertainty Are Distinct, and Moreover, Risk Follows Uncertainty
			Category 4: Risk and Uncertainty Are Distinct, and Uncertainty Follows Risk
		The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Context for Exploring Global Crises
		Climate Change and Global Crises and Disruptions
			Future Scholarship at the Intersection of International Business and Crises and Disruption
		References
Index