Crash Course Cardiovascular System : Cardiovascular System.

Front Cover
 Crash Course: Cardiovascular System
 Copyright
 Series editor foreword
 Prefaces
 Acknowledgements
 Dedication
 Contents
 Chapter 1: Overview of the cardiovascular system
 Why do we need a cardiovascular system?
 Functions of the cardiovascular system
 The heart and circulation
 Chapter 2: Anatomy, histology and development of the cardiovascular system
 Anatomy
 The mediastinum
 Pericardium
 External structure of the heart
 Internal structure of the heart
 Coronary arteries
 Coronary veins
 Great vessels
 The vascular tree
 Development of the heart and great vessels. Development of the vasculatureCirculatory adaptations at birth
 Congenital abnormalities
 Left-to-right shunts
 Atrial septal defect
 Ventricular septal defect
 Patent ductus arteriosus
 Right-to-left shunts
 Tetralogy of Fallot
 Transposition of the great arteries
 Obstructive congenital defects
 Coarctation of the aorta
 Histology
 Tissue layers of the heart and pericardium (Fig. 2.41)
 Pericardium
 Heart
 Epicardium
 Myocardium
 Endocardium
 Fibrous heart skeleton
 Valves
 Cardiac myocytes
 Ultrastructure of the typical cardiomyocyte
 Structure of the vessels
 Anatomical classification. Functional classificationConductance
 Resistance
 Exchange
 Capacitance
 Compliance of capacitance vessels
 Capillaries
 Lymphatic vessels
 Endothelial cells
 Vascular smooth muscle
 Structure
 Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
 Effect of sympathetic innervation
 Vascular smooth muscle relaxation
 Chapter 3: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia
 Introduction
 The conduction system
 Resting membrane potential
 Cardiac action potential
 Fast cell action potential
 Slow cell action potential (Fig. 3.4)
 Refractory period
 Control of heart rate
 Excitation contraction coupling. ElectrocardiographyBipolar limb leads
 Unipolar limb leads
 Chest leads
 Normal electrocardiogram
 Why the T wave is in the same direction as the R wave
 Cardiac axis
 Anterior chest leads (V1-V6)
 Assessment of rate
 Assessment of rhythm
 Arrhythmia
 Definitions and classification
 Altered sinus rhythms
 Mechanisms of arrhythmia
 Heart block (Fig. 3.16)
 Bundle branch block (Fig. 3.17)
 Extrasystole (ectopic beats)
 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
 Supraventricular tachycardias
 Atrial fibrillation
 Ventricular arrhythmias
 Ventricular tachycardia
 Ventricular fibrillation
 Cardiac arrest. Anti-arrhythmic drugsClass I: sodium channel blockers
 Class II: beta-blockers
 Class III: potassium channel blockers
 Class IV: calcium channel blockers
 Other drugs not in this classification
 Drugs used to treat bradyarrythmias
 Other treatments for arrhythmias
 Carotid sinus massage
 Direct current (DC) shock therapy
 Radiofrequency ablation
 Pacemaker
 Chapter 4: The cardiac cycle and control of cardiac output
 The cardiac cycle
 The ventricular cycle
 1. Ventricular filling (diastole)
 2. Isovolumetric contraction (systole)
 3. Ejection (systole)
 4. Isovolumetric relaxation (diastole).