COVID-19 Pandemic, Crisis Responses and the Changing World: Perspectives in Humanities and Social Sciences

COVID-19 Pandemic, Crisis
Responses and the Changing
World
	Foreword
	Preface
	Acknowledgments
	Contents
	Introduction
	Global Economics, Politics and Public Health Responses
	US-China Rivalry and Its Implications for the Post-Pandemic World
		1 Introduction: The Unprecedented Deterioration in Sino-US Relations
		2 The “Thucydides Trap”: Competition for Power and Cultural Confrontation
		3 Arguments Between Realism and Liberalism: War or Peace in the Future
		4 US-China Rivalry and Its Implications After the Pandemic
		5 Historical Resumé of Sino-US Relations: The “Good Old Days”
		6 Recent Changes and Conflicts in Sino-US Relations
			6.1 Shrinkage of Financial and Economic Interactions
			6.2 Governmental and Social Rivalry Over the Pandemic Accountability Issue
			6.3 Conflicts in the Field of Science and Technology
			6.4 Military Tensions Over the South China Sea Issue
		7 Causes of the Mounting Tensions: China’s Overreach and US’s Overreaction
		8 The Possible Future of Sino-US Relations: A Temporary New Cold War?
			8.1 Shaking the Foundations of Sino-US Relations
			8.2 Have China and the US Embarked on a “New Cold War”?
		9 The Infeasibility of the Complete Decoupling of China and the US
		10 Conclusion: Short Term Cold War, Long Term Peace?
		References
	Global Disorder for the Post-COVID-19 World
		1 Introduction
		2 The Post-WWII World Order Leadership under Challenge
		3 COVID-19 the Test Case for China
		4 Following China’s Footprints
		5 Trump’s Wrestle with COVID-19
		6 Face Mask Diplomacy and the Pandemic Narratives
		7 General Mistrust Towards China’s Rise
		8 US-Sino Competition for Systemic Supremacy
		9 China’s Internal Issues and External Environment
		10 To Lead or not to Lead
		11 Conclusion: Is Shared Leadership Possible?
		References
	Post-pandemic De-globalization? Analysis of Likely Changes in Global Supply Chains
		1 Introduction
		2 A Brief Overview of the De-globalization of Global Supply Chains
			2.1 From 2008 to 2017: “Manufacturing Back to America” Proposed by the Barack Obama Administration
			2.2 From 2018 to 2020: Sino-US Trade Disputes Initiated by Donald Trump Administration
		3 In 2020: The Pandemic that Interferes Global Supply Chains
		4 Argument for No Post-pandemic Change in the Global Supply Chains
		5 Changes in Post-pandemic Supply Chains
		6 Conclusion: Summary and Prospects for the Future
		References
	Actions Across Government and COVID-19: The Experience of Mainland China, Macao and Hong Kong
		1 Introduction
		2 Action Across Sectors: “Health in All Policies” and “Whole-of-Government” Approaches
		3 The 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
		4 The Case of Mainland China
			4.1 Health
			4.2 Transportation
			4.3 Education
			4.4 Finance
			4.5 Provincial and Local Governments
			4.6 Neighborhood Committees
			4.7 Cooperation Platforms
		5 COVID-19 Impact and Response in Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR)
			5.1 Multi-dimensional Challenges
			5.2 WoG Central Command and Coordination
			5.3 Isolation, Containment, and Prevention
			5.4 Economic Relief
			5.5 Social Order and Livelihood
		6 COVID-19 Action in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)
			6.1 The COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Impact
			6.2 Actions Undertaken by the HKSAR Government to Combat the Outbreak
		7 Synthesis and Conclusions
			7.1 Strong and Effective Government Leadership
			7.2 Civil Commitment and Inclusion
		References
	COVID-19 and the Political Economy of the European Union: New Crisis, Old Concerns
		1 Introduction: The Diffusion of Covid-19 Across the European Union (EU)
		2 Early Reaction and Measures to Support European Economies
		3 Symmetric and Asymmetric Consequences
		4 Italy and Spain: Too Big to Fail, Too Big to Bail
		5 The Recovery Package: “Next Generation EU”
		6 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Government Emergency Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: A Comparative Study
		1 Introduction
		2 Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management
			2.1 WHO Health EDRM Framework
			2.2 Evaluating Preparedness
			2.3 Guiding Emergency Responses
			2.4 Documenting Government Responses
			2.5 Objectives of This Study
		3 Methods
			3.1 Major Aspects of Study
			3.2 Data Collection and Analysis
			3.3 Selection of Countries
			3.4 Demographic Characteristics of the 14 Selected Countries
			3.5 Timing of Comparisons
			3.6 Measurements
			3.7 Analysis of Data
			3.8 Limitations
		4 Findings
			4.1 Finding 1: Number of Reported Cases and Deaths
			4.2 Finding 2: Preparedness (GHSI)
			4.3 Finding 3: Stringency of Government Responses
			4.4 Finding 4: Preparedness and Health Outcomes
			4.5 Finding 5: Stringency and Health Outcomes
			4.6 Finding 6: Preparedness, Response and Health Outcomes
		5 Discussions
			5.1 Attack Rate: To Control or not to Control?
			5.2 Does Stringency Work?
			5.3 Could Shut Down Policy Stand Alone?
			5.4 Could Herd Immunity Prevent Healthcare Systems from Collapse?
			5.5 Could Stringency Be Applied to Democracies?
			5.6 Does Herd Immunity Save the Economy?
			5.7 Could Healthcare Budgets Afford Treatments of COVID-19 Patients?
		6 The Second Wave
		7 Preliminary Observations
		References
	Country Reports and Comparative Studies
	Experiences of and Responses to COVID-19 in East Asia: The Cases of Japan and Korea
		1 Introduction
		2 Historical Review of the Outbreaks in Japan and Korea
		3 Overview of the Impacts on Citizens
		4 Healthcare Measures and Policies Related to Older Adults Under Pandemic
		5 Factors that Determine the Effectiveness to Control the Pandemic
		6 Lessons Learned in These Two Countries
		7 Conclusion
		References
	Where Everyone Plays a Part: Singapore’s Health EDRM Responses in Face of the COVID-19 Crisis
		1 Introduction
		2 Initial Impact of COVID-19 in Singapore
		3 The “Circuit-Breaker”
		4 Phases 1 and 2 for Reopening
		5 Treatment Needs and Recovery from the Disease
		6 Contributing Factors to Controlling COVID-19 for Singapore
		7 Conclusion
		References
	COVID-19 Outbreak in India: Country Features and Social Impact
		1 Introduction
		2 COVID-19 Outbreak in India: An Overview
		3 Government Responses
		4 Responses Related to Advisory
		5 Lockdown and Social Distancing
		6 Travel Restriction and Quarantine
		7 Social Impact
		8 Economic Impact
		9 Epidemiological Question and Government Success
		10 Conclusion
		References
	Fighting the Invisible Enemy—COVID-19: How Ghana Fared
		1 Introduction
		2 The Advent of COVID-19
		3 Ghana’s COVID-19 Preparedness Strategies
		4 Ghana’s Response Measures
		5 Directives on Restricted Movements and Public Gatherings
		6 Communication/Public Education and Stakeholder Engagement
		7 Legal Instruments/Legislation on the COVID-19 Pandemic
		8 Fiscal Policies to Support Local Businesses/General Intervention Policies
		9 The Role of Academia, Research, Science and Technology
		10 Health Infrastructure and Facility Expansion
		11 Private Initiatives
		12 Observations and Analysis from GHANA’S COVID-19 Battle
		13 Conclusion
		Appendices
			Appendix 1
		Appendix 2
		References
	The “Perfect Storm”: A Failed Response to the Pandemic in the United States
		1 Context and Introduction
		2 Discourse in a Crisis
		3 Discourses of American Exceptionalism, Anti-Intellectualism, and Loss of Trust in Government
			3.1 Loss of Trust in Government
			3.2 Discourses of American Exceptionalism
			3.3 Discourses of Anti-Intellectualism
		4 Medical Discourse on Pandemics in the Media, Past and Present
		5 Anti-Vaccination Discourse
		6 A Pro-Vaccine Alternative
		7 Conclusions, Implications, and Lessons for Other Countries
		References
	‘A Mild Dose of the Flu’: The Discourse of the COVID-19 Crisis in Brazil and the Impact of the Pandemic on the Internationalization of Brazilian Higher Education
		1 Introduction
		2 The Brazilian Context
		3 ‘A Mild Dose of the Flu’
		4 Going Viral: COVID-19 on Twitter
		5 Rethinking Internationalization During and After COVID-19
		6 Conclusions
		References
	New Order and Impacts in Business, Culture and Society
	Translating Against COVID-19 in the Chinese Context: A Multi-agent, Multimedia and Multilingual Endeavor
		1 Introduction
		2 Grassroots-Level Translation: Volunteer Translation for Broader Information Communication
		3 Institution-Level Translation: The Case of 战疫语言服务团 (Language Service Group Against COVID-19)
		4 State-Level Translation: An Emphatic Chinese Perspective
			4.1 Political Implications in Translating COVID-Related Terms
			4.2 Publishing Translations to Communicate Chinese Experience
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Imagining Online Exhibition in the Pandemic: A Translational Perspective
		1 Introduction
		2 Multimodal Translation: A Practice Enhanced by COVID-19
		3 Staging Exhibits Online: Inspirations from Four Offline Museums
			3.1 The British Museum
			3.2 The National Gallery Singapore
			3.3 The Hong Kong Heritage Museum
			3.4 Time Travel Vienna
		4 Reflection on the Impact of COVID-19 on Online Exhibitions
		5 Conclusion
		References
	The Role of American Journalism During a Pandemic: Uncertainty and Lessons not Learned
		1 Introduction
		2 Coronavirus Taskforce Press Conference Coverage
		3 False Balance Between Politicians and Experts
		4 Fact Checking Disingenuous Sources
		5 Hose Race Reporting of Statistics
		6 Lack of Experienced Medical Reporters
		7 Conclusion
		References
	Farther Apart, Closer Together: How the Use of New Technologies During COVID-19 May Forever Alter the Face of Journalism
		1 Travelling Journalist Without the Travel
		2 Timeliness and the News Cycle
		3 Maintaining Quality of Product
		4 Breaking the Limitations
		5 Closing Pandora’s Box?
		6 How Much Has Radio Journalism Really Changed?
		7 Digital Divide Limiting Sourcing
		8 Paradigm Shift
		Reference
	Post-pandemic Literature: Force and Moral Obligation to the Other in Boccaccio’s Decameron and Camus’ The Plague
		References
	Embracing Digital Teaching and Learning: Innovation Upon COVID-19 in Higher Education
		1 Introduction
		2 Method
			2.1 Literature Search Process
			2.2 Review with Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
			2.3 In-Depth Review and Data Analysis
		3 Results and Discussion
			3.1 RQ1: Research Contexts and Methods of the Empirical Research Identified Relating to the Positive Teaching and Learning Experience in Higher Education Settings During the Pandemic
			3.2 RQ2: New Teaching and Learning Methods/Strategies/Technologies That Are Acceptable to Teachers and Students
			3.3 RQ3: Learning Skills and Practical Knowledge Gained by Students
			3.4 RQ4: Aspects of Teachers’ Professional Development
			3.5 The Way Forward
			3.6 Limitations
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Navigating Public Relations in a Pandemic
		1 Introduction
		2 Challenging Information Environment and Public Relations as Meaning-Making
		3 Corporate Public Relations Responses During COVID-19
		4 Public Relations in a Post-Pandemic Future
		References
	The Pandemic and Advertising: Be (AD)Normal
		1 Introduction: An Unprecedented Crisis
		2 No One Is Immune from COVID-19
		3 Learning from Past Recessions
		4 Advertiser, Do Not Go Dark
		5 Key Trends in Media Consumption
			5.1 The Surge in Digital Traffic
		6 All Eyes on the Screen
		7 New Uses and Gratifications
		8 Adapting Brand Strategies for COVID-19
		9 Key Implications for Brand Strategy
			9.1 Not Being Opportunistic, Being Empathetic with a Strong Social Presence
		10 Staying True through Purpose-led Communication
		11 Accelerating Digital Commerce and Digital Experience Capabilities
		12 Amplifying Brand Community: Prepare for the Rebound
		13 Adapting to Changes in Consumer Behaviour and Spending Patterns
		14 Key Implications in Advertising
		15 Conclusion
		References
	University Image Building via WeChat During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of a Chinese Higher Education Institution
		1 Introduction
		2 University Image
		3 WeChat Official Accounts
		4 Corporate Identity System
		5 Integrating CIS with UIC Image Analysis
		6 BIS of UIC Constructed via the WOA Articles
			6.1 Summarizing the Data on BIS
		7 Decoding the BIS
			7.1 Pandemic Prevention and Teaching Adjustment: A Quick and Responsible Response
			7.2 Admission: Tough and Challenging
			7.3 President: Low Profile
			7.4 Students: Positive, Courageous and Confident
		8 The VIS of UIC Constructed via the WOA Articles
			8.1 A Summary of the Data on VIS
		9 Decoding the VIS
			9.1 WOA Articles without Pictures
			9.2 The First Illustrated Article
			9.3 Student Wellbeing is Always the Concern of the College
			9.4 Foregrounding the President
			9.5 We Do Everything to Safeguard Our Campus
		10 Exploring the MIS of UIC in the Pandemic Period
		11 Conclusion
		References
	Native Advertising Discourse During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of WeChat Official Accounts
		1 Introduction
		2 Theory of Identification and Narrative Transportation
		3 Narrative Transportation in Advertising Studies
		4 Discourse Analysis of Native Ads on WOAs During the Pandemic
			4.1 Case One: Identification by Sympathy
			4.2 Cases Two to Four: Identification by Sympathy and Identification by Antithesis
			4.3 Identification by Inaccuracy as a Tool in Native Ads
			4.4 Case Six: Narrative Transportation
			4.5 Characteristics of Native Ads on WOAs During the COVID-19 Pandemic
		5 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Conclusion: COVID-19 Pandemic, Crisis Responses and the Changing World—Perspectives in Humanities and Social Sciences