Counselling: The Skills of Finding Solutions to Problems

Book Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Preface......Page 4
Acknowledgements......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
The focus of the book: finding solutions to problems......Page 16
What is counselling?......Page 19
A skills-based approach to training......Page 20
Research and theory in counselling......Page 21
Self-reflection in counselling......Page 24
Ethical practice in counselling......Page 25
Values......Page 26
Confidentiality......Page 28
Physical contact......Page 29
Power in counselling......Page 30
Recognising diversity......Page 33
The context of cross-cultural counselling......Page 37
The counsellor’s orientation to others......Page 39
The counsellor’s knowledge of own culture......Page 40
Knowledge of historical, social, political and economic forces......Page 42
Culture-specific knowledge......Page 44
A broad set of skills and behaviours......Page 45
Practical suggestions......Page 47
Cautions......Page 49
A dynamic relationship......Page 52
The counsellor’s needs in counselling......Page 53
The counsellor’s personal cultural history......Page 56
Developing self-awareness......Page 58
The counsellor as a model......Page 61
Role-playing as a counselling skill......Page 62
Being an effective trainee......Page 64
Brief counselling......Page 66
Approach#1: The problem-solving model......Page 67
Approach#2: Solution-focused counselling......Page 68
Finding solutions to problems: an integrated model......Page 69
The finding-solutions-to-problems model of counselling......Page 72
Stage 1: Pre-counselling considerations......Page 73
Stage 3: Problem exploration......Page 74
Stage 4: Goal-setting......Page 75
Stage 7: Evaluating success......Page 76
An overview of the counselling process......Page 77
Stage 1: Pre-counselling considerations......Page 81
Building a trusting relationship......Page 84
Is the client voluntary or involuntary?......Page 85
Relevance......Page 86
The first sighting and meeting: a reciprocal relationship......Page 87
Positive first impressions......Page 88
Exploring pre-counselling improvements......Page 92
Compliments......Page 93
Open invitation to talk......Page 94
Sorting issues......Page 95
Coping questions......Page 96
Open and closed questions......Page 97
Topic following......Page 98
Using silence......Page 99
Active listening......Page 100
Reflection......Page 101
Accurate understanding......Page 102
Thinking aloud......Page 104
Identifying feelings......Page 105
Expressing feelings......Page 106
Necessary expertise......Page 107
The client’s motivation......Page 108
Estimating problem severity......Page 109
Interpreting the client’s silence......Page 110
Working at the client’s pace......Page 111
The language of counselling......Page 112
The counsellor’s use of language......Page 113
Direct questioning......Page 117
Exceptions questions......Page 118
Miracle questions......Page 119
Identifying possible goals......Page 120
Sorting goals......Page 122
Gaining commitment......Page 123
Dealing with discrepancies......Page 125
Giving information......Page 127
Influencing......Page 128
Interpretation......Page 129
Using personal examples......Page 131
Supporting and encouraging......Page 132
Stages 5 and 6: Strategy selection and implementation......Page 134
Providing models......Page 135
Role-playing......Page 137
Using rewards......Page 138
Making records......Page 140
Bodily awareness, relaxation, activities......Page 141
Thoughts and imagery......Page 142
Summarising......Page 144
Designing a homework task......Page 145
Stage 7: Evaluating progress......Page 147
Assessing results......Page 148
Referral......Page 149
Termination......Page 150
Initial training......Page 153
Continuing education......Page 154
Commitment to a code of ethics......Page 155
Receiving regular supervision......Page 157
What is supervision?......Page 158
Who benefits from supervision?......Page 160
How does one find a supervisor who will meet one’s needs?......Page 161
How is supervision conducted?......Page 162
Self-care and managing work stress......Page 165
Note-taking......Page 168
Working in private practice......Page 169
Advertising one’s services......Page 171
Related roles......Page 173
Conflict management......Page 174
Information sharing......Page 175
Political intervention......Page 176
Consultation......Page 177
Prescribing a remedy......Page 178
The consultation process......Page 179
Preparation......Page 180
Making contact......Page 181
Diagnosing problems......Page 182
Setting goals and objectives......Page 183
Carrying out interventions......Page 184
Evaluating......Page 185
Effectiveness of consultation......Page 186
The counsellor-consultant as trainer......Page 187
Clarity of aims and objectives......Page 188
Voluntary or involuntary membership......Page 189
Materials......Page 190
Leaders of training courses and workshops......Page 191
Leading groups......Page 192
Follow-up......Page 193
Integrating the skills......Page 195
Estimating progress......Page 196
Evaluating effectiveness......Page 198
Re-reading and reviewing......Page 200
References......Page 201
Answers to exercises......Page 206
For Counsellors......Page 210
Directive made by the Management Committee 23 March 1996......Page 218
General principles......Page 221
The counselling relationship and client rights......Page 222
Index......Page 226