Counseling People of African Ancestry

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
About the Editor......Page 13
Editorial Board......Page 14
Foreword......Page 15
Goals of the Book......Page 17
The Book’s Approach......Page 18
References......Page 19
Acknowledgments......Page 21
Part 1: Foundations of Counseling in African Settings......Page 23
Importance, Definition, and Scope of Key Terms and Concepts......Page 25
Research on Types of Conditions for Which Treatment Is Sought......Page 26
Well-being and Disease Concepts......Page 27
National and International Influences......Page 29
Emphasis on Holistic Treatment......Page 30
Use of Symbolism and Enactment......Page 31
Description of a Dream......Page 32
Interpretations......Page 33
HIV/AIDS Treatment......Page 34
Healer–Patient Treatment Dynamics......Page 35
The continuous outpatient consultation......Page 36
Legal and Professional Issues......Page 37
Summary and Conclusions......Page 38
References......Page 39
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 42
Introduction......Page 44
Background......Page 45
Rationale for the Study of Oral Tradition......Page 46
A Perspective on the Literature of Folklore......Page 47
Fairy Tales......Page 48
Types of folktales......Page 49
Epistemological Changes......Page 50
Need for the Establishment of Ethnopsychology in Counseling......Page 51
Possible Value of a Narrative Approach in Counseling......Page 52
Exploiting African Clients’ Natural Affinity for Group Work......Page 53
Counseling Clients Whose Language Differs from that of the Counselor......Page 54
Counseling Procedures with People of African Ancestry......Page 55
Litokotoko......Page 56
Summary and Conclusions......Page 58
References......Page 59
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 61
Importance, Key Concepts, and a Brief History of Assessment Procedures......Page 63
The influence of Black psychology on assessment procedures......Page 64
Multicultural Approaches to Assessment......Page 65
Self-knowledge and behavior......Page 66
Conceptualization and Classification of Illness......Page 67
Appropriateness of Content......Page 68
Assessment for Counseling within the African Context......Page 69
The Issue of Power in Counseling......Page 70
The Primary Focus of the Narrative Approach......Page 71
The Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test......Page 72
Assessor Competency......Page 73
Legislative Implications......Page 74
Summary and Conclusions......Page 75
References......Page 76
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 77
World View......Page 79
African Indigenous Healing......Page 80
Influences and Priorities of Funding Bodies......Page 81
Disaster Mental Health Responses......Page 82
HIV/AIDS Counseling......Page 83
Trauma Counseling......Page 84
Rehabilitation Counseling......Page 86
Current Trends in Counseling Research in Africa......Page 87
Issues for Research and Other Forms of Scholarship......Page 88
Emic versus Etic Perspectives......Page 89
Summary and Conclusions......Page 91
References......Page 92
Self-Check Exercises......Page 94
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 95
Introduction......Page 97
Conceptions of the “African Personality”......Page 98
Universalism versus Particularism......Page 99
Historical Influences and Contexts of Counseling in Africa......Page 101
The Relational and Contextual Basis of Counseling......Page 102
Racism......Page 103
Indigenous Counseling: Approaches and Practices......Page 104
Alternative and complementary approaches......Page 105
Reflexive Practice and Methodology......Page 106
Combining Indigenous Practices with Western Approaches......Page 107
Research Focus......Page 108
References......Page 110
Self-Check Exercises......Page 112
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 113
Importance, Definition, and Scope of Key Terms and Concepts......Page 115
Historical Aspects: Colonization and Racial Oppression in Context......Page 116
Current Implications of Historical Legacies......Page 117
Slavery, Colonialism, and Imperialism......Page 118
Racism......Page 119
Liberation Psychology......Page 120
Mental Colonization......Page 121
Toward a Decolonization of the Mind......Page 122
Liberation and Empowerment: A Community Intervention......Page 123
The Genesis of the Project......Page 124
Research Considerations......Page 125
References......Page 127
Field-Based Experiential Exercises......Page 129
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 130
Part 2: Contexts of Counseling......Page 131
Importance, Definition, and Scope of Key Terms and Concepts......Page 133
Personal Development Counseling......Page 134
The Colonial Period......Page 135
Current Practices in School Counseling......Page 136
Qualifications of Guidance and Counseling Teachers......Page 138
Questions......Page 139
Legal, Professional, and Ethical Issues......Page 140
Issues of Research and Other Forms of Scholarship......Page 141
References......Page 144
Self-Check Exercises......Page 145
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 146
Introduction......Page 148
The Postcolonial Period......Page 149
Considerations When Counseling Students of African Ancestry......Page 150
Diversity on Campus and International Students......Page 151
Gender......Page 152
Systems Approach......Page 153
Substance Abuse......Page 154
Sexual Health: HIV/AIDS, STIs, and Pregnancy......Page 155
Residence and Accommodation......Page 156
Finance and Counseling......Page 157
Job-finding Skills......Page 158
Counselor Training......Page 159
References......Page 160
Self-Check Exercises......Page 161
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 162
Importance, Definition, and Scope of Key Terms and Concepts......Page 164
The Scope of the Need......Page 165
Changing Definition of the Family......Page 166
Culture......Page 167
Approaches to Family Counseling......Page 168
The Milan systemic approach......Page 169
Relevance of Extant Family Therapy Models to the African Context......Page 170
Legislative and Professional Issues......Page 171
Comparisons with Practices in Other African Settings......Page 172
Issues for Research and Other Forms of Scholarship......Page 173
References......Page 174
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 175
Importance, Definition, and Scope of Key Terms and Concepts......Page 177
African Traditions......Page 178
Psychological Foundations......Page 179
History of Research and Practice in Pastoral Care and Counseling in Africa......Page 180
God-image and Divinity......Page 182
Health and Illness in an African Context......Page 183
Externalizing......Page 184
Summary and Conclusions......Page 185
References......Page 186
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 187
Importance, Definition, and Scope of Key Terms and Concepts......Page 188
Post-September 11, 2001 World Trade Center Tragedy and Refugee Policy Changes in North America and Europe......Page 189
Effects of National Refugee Policy Changes......Page 190
The Coercive Migration Theory......Page 191
Changing Refugee Hosting Practices......Page 192
Women and Children Refugees......Page 193
Refugee Integration into Host Society......Page 195
Resettlement Problems Facing Refugees and Host Residents......Page 196
The UN Convention (1951) and The New York Protocol (1967)......Page 197
Issues to Be Resolved by Research and Other Forms of Scholarship......Page 198
References......Page 199
Key References On Refugees......Page 200
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 201
Child......Page 202
History of Practice in Counseling OVCs......Page 203
The Psychological Experiences of OVCs......Page 204
Current Practices with OVCs......Page 205
Ensuring that OVCs Have Access to Essential Services......Page 206
Raising Awareness and Creation of Environments That Support Children......Page 207
Teddy Bear Therapy......Page 208
A Developmental Approach......Page 209
Issues to Be Resolved through Research and Scholarship......Page 210
References......Page 211
Field-Based Experiential Exercises......Page 213
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 214
Introduction......Page 215
Importance, Definition, and Scope of Key Terms and Concepts......Page 216
Research and Practice in Counseling People of African Ancestry......Page 217
Diversity Counseling Procedures with People of African Ancestry......Page 219
Identity Counseling......Page 220
Mental Health......Page 221
Language......Page 222
Critical Research Issues......Page 223
Cultural, Legislative, and Professional Issues......Page 225
Global Comparison of Counseling Aspects......Page 226
References......Page 227
Self-Check Exercises......Page 229
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 230
Introduction......Page 231
Psychological Approach......Page 232
Burton’s Human Needs Theory......Page 233
The Psychology of Conflict......Page 235
History of Research and Practice in Conflict Resolution......Page 236
Influence of Culture......Page 237
Creating an African Peace......Page 239
Indigenous Approaches......Page 240
Social–Psychological Approaches......Page 241
Understanding the Psychology of Conflict......Page 243
Summary and Conclusion......Page 244
References......Page 245
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 246
Part 3: Counseling Applications......Page 249
Introduction......Page 251
Symptoms of Traumatic Experience......Page 252
Lasting Effects of Trauma......Page 253
Social Support......Page 254
Composite Resilience Concepts......Page 255
Gender......Page 256
The Impact of Trauma: Universal or Culturally Shaped?......Page 257
The Impact of Trauma on Individuals, Families, and Communities......Page 258
Counseling Procedures and Interventions......Page 260
Assessment and Treatment of Persons Negatively Affected by a Traumatizing Event......Page 261
Appraising the Situation: Psychological Assessment......Page 262
Individualizing the Treatment......Page 263
An Integrative Model for Guiding Intervention......Page 264
Issues for Research and Other Forms of Scholarship......Page 265
References......Page 266
Field-Based Experiential Exercises......Page 269
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 270
Introduction......Page 271
Vulnerability......Page 272
Children Affected by HIV and AIDS......Page 273
History of Research and Practice in HIV and AIDS Counseling......Page 274
Influence of transactional sex......Page 275
Gender, Sexuality, and Sexual Violence......Page 276
Voluntary Counseling and Testing......Page 277
Policy, Development, and Politics......Page 278
Global and Regional Responses......Page 279
Counseling Orphaned and Vulnerable Children......Page 280
Therapeutic and Training Aspects of HIV and AIDS......Page 281
References......Page 282
Self-Check Exercises......Page 285
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 286
Introduction......Page 287
Intravenous Drug Use......Page 288
Substance Dependence, Abuse, Intoxication, and Withdrawal......Page 289
Precolonial Period......Page 290
Modern Period......Page 291
Current Interventions in African Settings......Page 293
Psychotherapy and Recovery Theories......Page 294
Maturing Out Approaches......Page 296
Access to Treatment......Page 297
Regulation Criteria......Page 298
References......Page 299
Field-Based Experiential Exercises......Page 301
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 302
Introduction......Page 303
The Traditional Cultural Value of Ubuntu......Page 304
Ubuntu and Career Counseling......Page 305
Research into Career Counseling of People of African Ancestry......Page 307
African Americans and Career Counseling......Page 308
Current Issues in Counseling People of African Ancestry......Page 310
Social Justice and Career Counseling......Page 311
References......Page 312
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 314
Introduction......Page 316
Distinguishing between Disability and Illness......Page 317
Prevalence of Disability......Page 319
Conditions for Which Counseling May Be Sought......Page 320
Cultural Perceptions......Page 321
Community-based Rehabilitation Services......Page 322
Memory Healing......Page 323
Psychosocial Support Services......Page 324
Legal and Professional Issues......Page 325
Counselor Training and Education......Page 326
Counseling Outcomes......Page 327
References......Page 328
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 330
Part 4: The Future of Counseling in African Heritage Settings......Page 333
World View Influences Help-seeking Predispositions......Page 335
Influences of Western Psychology......Page 336
References......Page 337
Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 338
Counseling People of African Ancestry Multiple Choice Answers......Page 339
Index......Page 341