Cotton Fabrics: Preparation, Synthesis and Applications

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Recent Advances in Preparation, Modification and Functionalization of Cotton Fabric
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Morphology and Classification of the Fiber
		2.1. Morphology of the Fiber
		2.2. Classification of the Fiber
	3. Cotton Fabric: Preparation,  Functionalization and Modification
		3.1. Cotton Fiber Transformation
			3.1.1. Cultivating, Harvesting and Ginning Processes
			3.1.2. Yarn Manufacturing
		3.2. Fabric Manufacturing and Preparation
			3.2.1. Sizing and Desizing
			3.2.2. Scouring
			3.2.3. Bleaching
			3.2.4. Mercerization
		3.3. Standard Test Methods for the Evaluation of Cotton Fabric Quality Preparation
		3.4. Cotton Fabric Modification and Functionalization
			3.4.1. Flame Retardant Synthesis for Cotton Fabric
			3.4.2. Antibacterial Synthesis for Cotton Fabric
			3.4.3. Water Repellent Synthesis for Cotton Fabric
				3.4.3.1. Synthesis of Multifunctional Cotton Fabric
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2
A New Method for Measuring Water Vapour Transfers through Fabrics
	Abstract
	1. Comfort Generality
		1.1.  Physical Comfort: Human-Clothing-Environment
			1.1.1. Conduction
			1.1.2. Convection
			1.1.3. Radiation
			1.1.4. Respiration Losses
			1.1.5. Evaporative Skin Heat Loss
			1.1.6. Metabolism
			1.1.7. Stored Heat
			1.1.8. Heat Balance of the Two-Node Model
		1.2. Physiological Comfort: Thermoregulation
			1.2.1. Thermoreceptors and Nociceptors
			1.2.2. Hypothalamus
			1.2.3. Thermogenesis
			1.2.4. Thermolysis
		1.3. Psychological Comfort
			1.3.1. Integration and Evaluation of Sensory Stimuli
			1.3.2. Formulation of the Feeling
		1.4. Influence of Physical and Physiological Factors
	2. Comfort and Textile
		2.1. Moisture Transfer
			2.1.1. Diffusion
			2.1.2. Capillarity
			2.1.3. Evaporation-Condensation
			2.1.4. Liquid Water Flow
		2.2. Impact of Fibers on Thermal and Hydric Transfers
			2.2.1. Static Hydric and Thermal Transfers
			2.2.2. Dynamic Hydric and Thermal Transfers
				2.2.2.1. Min’s Model
				2.2.2.2. Fenghzi’s Model
				2.2.2.3. Xu’s Model
	3. Cotton Fiber
		3.1. Cotton Structure
		3.2. Hydric Behaviour of Cotton Fiber
			3.2.1. Water Bonds
			3.2.2. Isotherm of Sorption
			3.2.3. Hysteresis
			3.2.4. Diffusion Phenomenon
			3.2.5. Influence of the Crystallinity Degree
			3.2.6. Influence of Porosity
			3.2.7. Influence of the Surface Area
		3.3. Impact of Cotton on Comfort
			3.3.1. Thermal Conductivity
			3.3.2. Thermal Resistance
			3.3.3. Thermal Absorptivity (or Effusivity)
			3.3.4. Water Vapor Permeability
			3.3.5. Moisture Management Propreties (MMT)
	4. Measures of Water Vapour and Liquid Transfer on Textiles
		4.1. Water Vapour Transfer
			4.1.1. Dynamic Vapour Sorption Test
				4.1.1.1. Description
				4.1.1.2. Modelisation
				4.1.1.3. DVS Results
			4.1.2. Frame Test
				4.1.2.1. Sweating Guarded Hot Plate (Skin Model)
				4.1.2.2. Frame Design
				4.1.2.3. Frame Instrumentation
				4.1.2.4. Test Protocol
				4.1.2.5. Frame Results
		4.2. Liquid Transfer
			4.2.1. Description
			4.2.2. MMT Results
		4.3. Conclusion
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 3
Advances in Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardant Cotton Fabrics
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Cotton as a Cellulose-Based Polymer
	3. Mechanism of Combustion
		3.1. Flammability of Cellulosic Textiles
		3.2. Char Formation and Intumescence Behavior
	4. Mechanism of Flame Retardancy
	5. Chemistry of Flame Retardant Additives
		5.1. Flame Retardants Based on Durability
		5.2. Phosphorous-Based Flame Retardants
		5.3. Inorganic Phosphorus
		5.4. Organic Phosphorus
		5.5. P-N Synergism
		5.6. Other Flame Retardants Compounds
	6. Novel Approaches
		6.1. Sol-Gel Technique
		6.2. Layer by Layer Assembly
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 4
Functionalization of Cotton  Fabrics by Cathechol Bound  PCM-Microcapsules
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Materials and Methods
		2.1. Materials
		2.2. Preparation of Microcapsules
		2.3. Textile Functionalization
			2.3.1. Exhaustion Method for Fabric Functionalization with  L-DOPA
			2.3.2. Exhaustion Method for L-DOPA Fabric Functionalization with Microcapsules
			2.3.3. Padding Method for Fabric Functionalization with L-DOPA
		2.4. Analytical Methods
			2.4.1. Microscopic Examinations
			2.4.2. Surface Characterization of Fabrics
			2.4.3. Color Measurement of Fabrics
			2.4.4. Color Measurement of Aqueous Solutions
			2.4.5. Durability/Fastness Tests
			2.4.6. Durability/Fastness Tests
	3. Results and Discussion
		3.1. Poly(DOPA) Formation
			3.1.1. Poly(DOPA) Formation in Solutions
			3.1.2. Poly(DOPA) Formation on Cotton Fabric Surface
		3.2. Influence of Temperature and Time on L-DOPA  Fabric Functionalization
		3.3. Stability of the L-DOPA Treatment
		3.4. Functionalization of Textile with Microcapsules by Bath Exhaustion Process
		3.5. Functionalization of Textile with Microcapsules by Pad-Dry-Cure Process
	Conclusion
	References
Editor Contact Information
Index
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