Corrections (Justice Series)

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
PART 1 Punishment and Corrections in Context
	Chapter 1 An Evidence-Based Approach to Corrections
		Corrections: An Integral Part of the Criminal Justice System
			Police
			Pretrial/Courts
			Preadjudication Diversion
		Corrections as Community-Based or Institutional
			Community Corrections
			Institutional Corrections
		Incarceration Rates
		Media Influence on Public Opinion and Correctional Policy
			Crime Control Policy
		Evidence-Based Practices
			How to Determine What Works
			EBP Techniques
		The Case: Using EBP to Address Racial Disparities
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 2 Why Do We Punish?
		Why Punish?
		Deterrence
			Specific Deterrence
			General Deterrence
		Incapacitation
			Incapacitation Through Technology
		Rehabilitation
		Retribution
		Restoration
			Criticism of Restorative Justice
		The Case: Make the Punishment Fit the Crime
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 3 Correctional Practices from Ancient to Contemporary Times
		Corrections in the Ancient and Medieval World
		Corrections in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century England
			Transportation
			Prisons Before the Prison
		Corrections in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century America
			The Pennsylvania System
			The Auburn System
			The Pennsylvania Versus Auburn Debate
			The Reformatory Movement
		Segregating the Sexes
		Prison Development in the South and West
			Developments in the American South
			Developments in the American West
		Corrections in the Twentieth Century
		Corrections in the Twenty-First Century
			Public Opinion
			Decreased Reliance on Prisons
		The Case: From Eastern State Penitentiary to Alcatraz of the Rockies
		Summary and Key Concepts
PART 2 Sentencing and Sanctions
	Chapter 4 Sentencing
		Sentence Severity and Types
			Presentence Investigation Reports
		Basic Sentencing Systems
			Indeterminate Sentencing
			Determinate Sentencing
			Structured Sentencing
		Sentencing Practices
			Sentencing Guidelines
			Mandatory Sentencing
			Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances
		Reducing Sentence Time
			Jail Time
			Good Time
			Concurrent Sentencing
		Evidence-Based Sentencing
			How Judges Can Use Evidence-Based Research
		Unjust Justice
			Sentencing Disparity
			Wrongful Convictions
		Trends in State and Federal Sentencing
			Reduce Prison Populations and Costs
			Expand or Strengthen Community-Based Sanctions
			Changes in Federal Sentencing
		The Case: Mandatory Sentencing and Drug Laws
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 5 Probation and Community Supervision
		Community Corrections
		Probation
			Early English Practices that Allowed for Incarceration Alternatives
			John Augustus: From Shoemaker to Third-Party Surety
			Probation Conditions
			What Does a Probation Officer Do?
			Using Evidence-Based Principles in Community Supervision
		Probation Conditions that are Reparative to the Victim or Community
			Community Service
			Restitution
			Fines
		Intermediate Sanctions that Reduce Risk to Public Safety
			Residential Community Corrections Facilities
			Electronic Monitoring
			Day Reporting Centers
		Community Corrections Programs that Address Root Causes
			Problem-Solving Courts: Drug, Mental Health, and Veteran’s Courts
			Community Drug Treatment Programs
			The Future of Community Corrections
		The Case: Applying Evidence-Based Practices in a Community-Based Therapeutic Community
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 6 Jails and Pretrial Release
		Pretrial Release
			Types of Pretrial Release
			Behavior of Pretrial Release Defendants
			Pretrial Services
			Consequences of the Jail-Versus-Bail Distinction
		Jail Function and Purposes
		Characteristics of the Jail Population
			Females as an Increasing Percentage of Jail Inmates
			Accommodating the Needs of Women in Jail
			Jails in Indian Country
			Jailing the Mentally Ill
		New-Generation Jails
			Jail Design
			Inmate Supervision
		The Case: Do People with Mental Illness Belong in Jail?
		Summary and Key Concepts
PART 3 Prison and Reentry
	Chapter 7 Managing Prisons and Prisoners
		The Development and Organization of the Federal Prison System
			A Brief History of the BOP
			The BOP Today
			Security Levels at Federal Facilities
		The Development and Organization of State Prison Systems
			Security Levels at State Facilities
		Segregation and Solitary Confinement
			Administrative and Disciplinary Segregation
			Solitary Confinement and Other Conditions of Segregation
			Less Reliance on Segregation
		Inmate Classification
			Classification in the Early Years
			Increasing Objectivity in Classification
			External Prison Classification
			Internal Prison Classification
			Criminogenic Needs
			Reclassification
		Prison Staff
			Correctional Officers
			Treatment Staff
		Private Prisons
			Privatization in the United States Today
		The Case: Mixed-Gender Supervision in Prison
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 8 Prison Life
		Who Is in Prison?
			Federal Prisoners
		Learning Prison Norms
			Deprivations of the Big House
			Inmate Code
			Prison Argot
		Prisoner Job Assignments
		Sub Rosa Economy
			Prisoner Misconduct
		Collective Behavior
			Prison Gangs and Security Threat Groups
			Groups in Women’s Prisons
		Prison Violence
			Sexual Assault and Rape
		Collective Violence
			Prison Riots
		The Case: Decreasing Violence Through the Inmate Subculture
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 9 Special Correctional Populations
		Treatment Programs in Prison
		Treatment that Addresses Sex Offending
		Pregnant Women and Parents of Minor Children
			Being Pregnant While Incarcerated
			Prison Nurseries
		Health Care and Medical Issues
			Prisoners with HIV/AIDS
			Treatment of Other Communicable Diseases
		Aging Prisoners
			Prison Hospice
		The Case: Should Infants and Toddlers of Incarcerated Moms Be Raised in Prison?
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 10 Reentry Programs and Parole
		The Reentry Process
		Education and Vocational Skills in Reentry Preparation
			GED and Secondary Education
			College Programs
			Vocational Programs
		Community Corrections in Reentry
			Prerelease Facilities
			Community Reparation Boards
		Release from Prison
			History of Parole
			The Parole Decision
			Decrease of Discretionary Parole and Rise of Mandatory Supervision
			Field Parole Officers and Supervision
			Revoking Parole
		The Case: Faith-Based Reentry
		Summary and Key Concepts
PART 4 Correctional Issues and Challenges
	Chapter 11 Legal Issues in Corrections
		Sources of Prisoners’ Rights
			The U.S. Constitution
			The Civil Rights Act
		A Sampling of Prisoner Rights Issues
			Access to the Courts
			Issues of Religion
			The Turner v. Safley Standards
		Limiting Inmate Litigation
		Civil Disabilities and Other Postconviction Sanctions
			Invisible Punishments
			Sex Offender Registration, Notification, and Residence Restriction Laws
			Civil Disenfranchisement
		Restoring Civil Rights Following a Conviction
			Individual Restoration Methods
			Systemic Relief Methods
		The Case: Proof of Rehabilitation
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 12 Capital Punishment
		Capital Punishment Yesterday and Today
			A Short History of Capital Punishment in the United States
			Capital Punishment in the Modern Era
		Capital Punishment and the Law
			Entering Death Row
			Capital Punishment and the Courts
		Characteristics of Death-Row Prisoners
			Leaving Death Row Without Being Executed
		Arguments for and Against Capital Punishment
			Deterrence
			Fairness
			Retribution
			Innocence
		Public Opinion and the Death Penalty
		The Case: Should You Be Able to Watch an Execution on Television or Your Smartphone?
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 13 Juvenile Corrections
		Development and Operation of the Juvenile Justice System
		Processing Juvenile Offenders
			Age Limits: Who Are the Juveniles?
			Juvenile Offense Categories: Reasons for Coming to Juvenile Court
		Juvenile Offenders in Juvenile Court
			Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders
			Due Process and Juveniles
		Juvenile Offenders in Adult Court
			The Three Models
			Blended Sentencing
			Trends in Judicial Waiver
		Community-Based Responses to Juvenile Offenders
		Residential-Based Responses to Juvenile Offenders
			Characteristics of Custody Facilities and the Youths in Them
			Institutional Programs
		Issues Confronting Juvenile Corrections
			Disproportionate Minority Contact
			Girls in a System Designed for Boys
		The Case: Should Juveniles Receive a Life Sentence?
		Summary and Key Concepts
	Chapter 14 Revisiting Evidence-Based Practices and What Works
		What Works in Corrections
			Revisiting Correctional System Expectations Versus Stated Mission
			Cognitive Behavioral Treatment
			Community Supervision
			Jail and Prison
		Cost Savings Best Practices
		Returning Rationality to Corrections Policy
			Being Smart on Crime
		The Future of Corrections
			Performance-Based Measures
			Justice Reinvestment Initiative
		The Case: How the Prison Population Stopped Increasing and Communities became Safer: The Justice Reinvestment Experience in Kansas
		Summary and Key Concepts
Glossary
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References
Name Index
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Subject Index
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