Correctional Counseling and Treatment

Preface
	References
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Contributors
Part I: Correctional Counseling and Treatment: Past and Present
	Chapter 1: The Scope and Purposes of Correctional Treatment
		Introduction
		Definitions of Corrections, Counseling, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
		Rehabilitation
		Correctional Treatment Seen as Activity with the Goal of Rehabilitation
		Punishment Versus Treatment
		The Justice Model
		Correctional Treatment in the Community
		Role of the Correctional Counselor in Community Treatment
		The Interplay Between Punishment and Correctional Treatment
		Assessment of the Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 2: Applying Restorative Justice Models in the Correctional Process
		Introduction
			Restorative Justice
			Community Crime Prevention
				Restorative Justice Development Plans
		Community Restitution and Service Work as a Form of Restorative Justice
		Pretrial Supervision
		Restorative Justice Conferences
		Restorative Justice Conferencing with Juvenile Offenders
		Police Diversion of Juvenile Offenders
		Mediation
		The Mediation Process
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System in Transition: Assisting Victims of Crime
		Introduction: Historical Perspective
		Training of Police in Servicing Victims of Crime
		Criminal Justice Agency Response to Victims of Crime
		Recent Legislation Protecting Victims’ Rights
		Services Provided by Victim Services Agencies
		Collaboration of Justice and Service Agencies During Crisis Situations
			The Role of Victim Advocates
		The Stark County Victim/Witness Program
		Community Service Agencies
		Temporary Shelter for Victims
		Expanding Victim Services
		Criminal Justice Response to the Victimization of the Elderly
		Victims with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
Part II: The Diverse Roles of Counselors in Correctional Treatment
	Chapter 4: Continuity and Change in the Roles of Correctional Personnel
		Introduction: Nature and Scope of Correctional Work
		The Correctional Worker’s Role
			Preparation for Positions in Correctional Work
			Education and Training for Correctional Work
			Education and Training for Correctional Officer Work
			Educational and Training for Professional Staff
		Correctional Work with Children and Juveniles
		Correctional Work with Adult Offenders
			Role Conflict in Correctional Occupations
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 5: Treatment of Juvenile Offenders: Diversion and Formal Processing
		Introduction
		Police Diversion of Delinquent Youth
		School Resource Officer Programs
		Juvenile Court Diversion
		Teen (Youth) Courts
		Treatment Programs for Special Offenders
		Treatment for Sexual Abusers
		Drug Courts for Juvenile Offenders
		Mission of Juvenile Drug Courts
		Residential Treatment for Juvenile Delinquents
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 6: Diverting Special Categories of Offenders to Community Treatment Programs
		Introduction
		Diverting Mentally Ill Criminal Offenders
			Processing the Mentally Ill Criminal Offender
			The Role of Defense Attorney in Processing Mentally Ill Defendants
		Drug Courts
			The Stark County CHANCE Drug Court Program
		Diversion of Minor Offenders
			Community Courts
			Veterans’ Courts
				Programming for Older Offenders
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 7: The Functions of Classification and Assessment Models in Correctional Treatment
		Introduction: The Development of Classification Models
		Use of Classification in the US Probation System
		State Classification Systems for Probation and Parole
		The Wisconsin Classification System
		The Ohio Experience
		Comparison of Evidence-Based Classification Models
		Institutional Classification
		Classification of Juvenile Offenders
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 8: Community-Based Sanctions: Probation and Post-Release Supervision
		Introduction
		Historical Development of Probation
		Types of Probation
		Probation Officer Roles
		Intensive Supervision Probation
		County and State Probation Services
			Structure/Organization of Dallas County, Texas, Community Supervision and Corrections Department
			Dallas County Judicial System
			Texas Sentencing Guidelines
			Offenses for Which the Code Does Not Allow Community Supervision
			Types of Community Supervision
			Felony Community Supervision Punishment Ranges, Sanctions, and Alternatives
			Pretrial/Sentence Services
			Problems and Issues Relating to the Dallas Community Supervision Department
		The US Probation and Pretrial System
			History
			District Courts
			Federal Pretrial Services
			Federal Sentencing Guidelines
			Structure of the US Probation and Pretrial Services System
			Pretrial Services
			Probation Services
			Levels of Supervision
			Post-Conviction (US Probation)
			Problems and Issues
		The Effectiveness of Probation
		The Professionalization of the Probation Officer
		Conditional Release, Parole, and Post-incarceration Supervision
		A State-Supervised Reentry Plan
		Research on Effectiveness of Parole and Post-Release Community Supervision
		Volunteer and Self-Help Organizations
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 9: Community Residential Treatment and Institutional Treatment
		Introduction: Development of Community Residential Housing for Criminal Offenders
		Current Status of Halfway Houses
		Specialized Programs
		Oxford House
		The Community Corrections Association
		Oriana House History and Programs
		Programming in Institutional Settings
		The US Bureau of Prisons
		Units for Veterans
		The Prison Experience
		Special Programming for Older Inmates
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
Part III: Treatment Models Used in Corrections
	Chapter 10: The Interview: A Basic Tool Used in Correctional Counseling and Treatment
		Introduction
		The Five Ws of Interviewing
		Interviewing in Justice System Settings
		The Skill Learning Cycle
			Planning
			Formulating Relevant Questions
			Formulating Motivating Questions
			Establishing a Communicative Atmosphere
			Doing
			Delivering the Question
			Listening to the Respondent
			Observing the Respondent
			Evaluating the Response
			Probing the Response
			Recording the Response
			Analyzing and Reflecting
		Recording and Coding Information
		Types of Interviewing
			Investigative Interviewing
			Cognitive Interviewing
			Motivational Interviewing
			Counseling Interviewing
		Structuring and Conducting Interviews
			An Introduction Statement
			Demographic (Personal) Questions
			Body
			Closing Statement
		Methods for Completing Interviews
		Interview Schedules
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 11: Behavior Modification Programs Used in Corrections
		Introduction
		Implementation of Behavior Modification Programming
		Behavioral Contracting
		Behavior Modification as a Treatment Modality
		Behavior Modification for Special Treatment
		Application of Operant Conditioning in Probation/Aftercare Supervision
		Honest Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE)
		Behavior Modification Programming in a Community Treatment Correctional Facility
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 12: Group Counseling in Corrections
		Definition of Group Counseling
		Origins of Group Counseling
		Benefits and Disadvantages of Group Counseling and Treatment
		Types of Treatment Used in Group Therapy
		The Group Counseling Process
		The Group Development Process
			The Security Stage
			The Acceptance Stage
			The Responsibility Stage
			The Work Stage
			The Closing Stage
		Leadership Styles in Group Counseling
		Group Counseling for Sex Offenders
		Group Counseling for the Family
		Issues Relating to Group Counseling
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 13: Brief Therapy and Crisis Intervention
		Crisis Intervention and Brief Therapy
		Brief Therapy: Definition
		Utilization of Brief Therapy in Family Counseling and with Juvenile Offenders
		Brief Therapy in Substance Abuse Treatment
		Screening and Assessment
		Opening Session
		Goals of Treatment
		Subsequent Sessions
		Maintenance Strategies
		Ending Treatment (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1999a, b, Chapter 3, p. 9)
		Brief Therapy in Jails, Mental Health Facilities, Community Treatment Centers, and Correctional Facilities
		Crisis Intervention
		Crisis Intervention Counseling
		Training for Responding to Crisis Situations
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 14: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Used in Correctional Treatment
		Introduction
		Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
		Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Substance Abusers
		Addiction Recovery: Self-Help Methods
		Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Juvenile Sex Offenders
		Treatment of Elderly Offenders
		Treatment of Justice Personnel Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
	Chapter 15: Future Perspectives on Counseling and Treatment of Criminal and Delinquent Offenders
		Introduction
		Community Corrections Centers
		Institutional Treatment
		Diversion of Special Offenders
		Diverting the Mentally Ill from Jail
		The Role of the Private Sector in the Treatment of Substance Abusers, Sex Offenders, and Offenders with Mental Health Problems
		Summary
		Discussion Questions
		References
Index