Coping, Health and Organizations (Issues in Occupational Health Series)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 7
Author biographies......Page 10
Preface: Coping, health and organizations......Page 16
PART ONE Theoretical and psychometric considerations......Page 22
Defining work stress......Page 24
Defining coping......Page 26
Coping with stress......Page 28
Coping with stress at work......Page 29
Theoretical context......Page 31
Selection of Scale Items......Page 33
Scale instructions and scoring......Page 36
Scale classification......Page 39
Conclusions......Page 43
References......Page 45
CHAPTER TWO Empirical versus theoretical approaches to the measurement of coping: a comparison using the ways of coping questionnaire and the cybernetic coping scale......Page 52
The Ways of Coping Questionnaire......Page 55
The Cybernetic Coping Scale......Page 56
Methodology......Page 57
Data analysis......Page 58
Findings......Page 59
Discussion......Page 67
Notes......Page 69
References......Page 70
CHAPTER THREE The self-regulation of experience: openness and construction......Page 74
Opening and constructive responses to experience......Page 75
Change and stability......Page 78
Self-control as a constructive process......Page 79
Opening responses through experiential self-control......Page 80
Health behaviour as a function of constructive and opening self-control skills......Page 82
Conclusions and implications......Page 85
References......Page 86
PART TWO Work problems and coping......Page 92
Coping with acute disasters at work......Page 94
The effects of acute workplace disasters on employee health and performance......Page 96
Coping with acute workplace disasters......Page 100
The role of the organization in facilitating personal coping......Page 101
Conclusion......Page 105
References......Page 106
Work and family spheres......Page 110
Implications of women’s increasing employment......Page 111
Inter-role Conflict and its Effects......Page 113
The Scarcity Hypothesis and the Enhancement Hypothesis......Page 114
The Gender-Role Perspective......Page 115
Spillover......Page 116
Compensation and Accommodation......Page 117
Utilitarian approach to role conflict......Page 118
Multiple roles and stress......Page 119
Social support and the work-non-work interface......Page 121
Individual coping and role conflict......Page 122
An Alternative Career Model......Page 125
Summary......Page 126
References......Page 127
CHAPTER SIX Women’s ways of coping with employment stress: a feminist contextual analysis......Page 132
The impact of occupational stressors on women’s health......Page 133
The Impact of Employment on Women’s Mortality Rates......Page 134
The Impact of Employment on Women’s Physical and Mental Health......Page 135
Gender Differences......Page 136
Coping Effectiveness......Page 137
Personal or coping resources......Page 139
Integrative studies and the importance of context......Page 140
Important research directions......Page 141
References......Page 142
The Social Context of Mid-Career Training......Page 148
The Role of Individual Discretion in Human Services......Page 150
Limitations of Individual Discretion......Page 151
The Role of Training in an Expanding Mandate......Page 152
Support Shortfalls in an Expanding Mandate......Page 153
Procedure......Page 154
Background......Page 155
Reliance on Professional Judgement......Page 156
Communication......Page 157
Devolution as an Organizational Objective......Page 158
Demands of an Expanding Mandate......Page 159
The Limitations of Participatory Decision Making......Page 160
Training and Information......Page 161
Coaching as a Coping Resource......Page 163
Confronting Self-Management from Subordinates......Page 164
Conclusions......Page 165
References......Page 166
Subjective health—a problem?......Page 168
What are the subjective health complaints?......Page 169
Psychological factors contributing to lack of health......Page 170
Lack of coping and lack of health......Page 171
Reducing subjective complaints......Page 172
General health-promoting programmes......Page 173
Organizational interventions......Page 174
Physical Exercise......Page 177
Stress Management Training......Page 181
Relaxation, Mental Training and Biofeedback......Page 183
Discussion and conclusions......Page 184
References......Page 186
PART THREE Organizational interventions......Page 196
The nature of organizations......Page 198
Social Psychological Theory......Page 199
Sociotechnical Systems Theory......Page 200
Organizational healthiness......Page 204
Organizational Sub-Systems......Page 205
Staff Development......Page 206
Organizational healthiness, employee stress and health......Page 207
Organizational healthiness and culture......Page 209
Assessing organizational healthiness......Page 210
Summary......Page 211
References......Page 212
CHAPTER TEN Organizational-level interventions designed to reduce occupational stressors......Page 216
Reducing Role Stress Through Goal Setting......Page 219
Reducing Role Stress by Increasing Participation in Decision Making......Page 220
Work Schedule Autonomy......Page 221
Improving Person-Environment Fit Using Problem-Solving Groups......Page 222
Reducing Work-Family Conflict......Page 223
Reducing the Stress of Staff Reductions......Page 224
Reducing the Stress of Mergers and Acquisitions......Page 225
Reducing Psychological Burnout through High-Stimulus Organizational Development Interventions......Page 226
Methodological considerations......Page 227
Organizational-versus individual-level interventions......Page 229
Note......Page 231
References......Page 232
Introduction......Page 236
Definitions, implications and methodologies......Page 238
Historical background and development of EAPs......Page 240
EAP statistics: numbers covered, services provided......Page 244
Models of employee assistance programmes......Page 246
Selecting an EAP......Page 248
The Introduction of an EAP......Page 249
Evaluation of EAPs......Page 251
The roles of the key participants in an EAP......Page 252
Critiques of EAPs......Page 254
Conclusions......Page 257
References......Page 258
CHAPTER TWELVE Contemporary organizational realities and professional efficacy: downsizing, reorganization, and transition......Page 262
Budget Cuts......Page 264
Job Future Ambiguity......Page 265
Occupational Locking-ln......Page 266
Personal and professional efficacy......Page 267
Psychological Contracts......Page 268
Individual Coping......Page 271
Communication......Page 272
Reducing the Stress of Staff Reductions: Integrated Models......Page 273
Conclusion......Page 277
Notes......Page 278
References......Page 279
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Employee adjustment to an organizational change: a stress and coping perspective......Page 284
Event characteristics......Page 285
Situational appraisals......Page 286
Coping strategies......Page 287
Coping resources......Page 288
Relationships among the proposed predictors of adjustment......Page 289
A Merger Between Two Airlines......Page 290
Public Sector Reorganization......Page 294
Conclusions......Page 297
References......Page 298
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Coping with work: future directions from the debates of the past......Page 302
Definitions of stress......Page 305
Theoretical context......Page 306
Measurement......Page 307
The contribution of this book......Page 308
References......Page 309
Index......Page 312