Cooperative Cellular Wireless Networks

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 18
Preface......Page 22
Part I: Introduction......Page 29
1.1 Introduction......Page 31
1.2.1 Downlink cooperation......Page 32
1.2.2 Uplink cooperation......Page 34
1.3.1 IEEE 802.16j......Page 35
1.3.2 High-spectral-efficiency relay channels......Page 36
1.4 Mobile relays......Page 38
References......Page 39
2.1 Introduction......Page 41
2.2.1 Cooperative communication......Page 43
2.2.2 Relay channel......Page 44
2.2.3 Overview of relay protocols......Page 45
2.2.4 Strategies of relay-assisted transmission......Page 46
2.3 General system model of cellular relay networks......Page 47
2.4 General system model for virtual antenna arrays (VAAs)......Page 48
2.5 RRA in OFDMA-based relay systems: general form......Page 49
2.6 Dynamic RA RRA in OFDMA relay networks......Page 51
2.6.1 Centralized RA RRA schemes in single-cell OFDMA relay networks......Page 52
2.6.2 Centralized RA RRA schemes in multicell OFDMA relay networks......Page 54
2.6.3 Distributed RA RRA schemes in OFDMA relay networks......Page 55
2.6.4 RA RRA schemes with fairness in OFDMA relay networks......Page 56
2.7 Dynamic centralized margin adaptive RRA schemes in OFDMA relay networks......Page 58
2.8.1 RRA in MIMO relay networks......Page 59
2.8.2 Optimal design and power allocation in single-user single-relay systems......Page 60
2.8.3 Optimal design and power allocation in single-relay multiuser systems......Page 63
2.9 RRA in MIMO multihop networks......Page 64
References......Page 66
Part II: Cooperative base station techniques......Page 73
3.1.1 Related work......Page 75
3.1.2 Description of the proposed scheme......Page 76
3.2.1 Transmitter structure......Page 77
3.2.2 THP precoding structure......Page 79
3.3 Cooperative BS transmission optimization......Page 81
3.3.1 Iterative weight optimization (first step)......Page 83
3.3.2 Power allocation (second step)......Page 85
3.4 Modification of the design of R......Page 86
3.5 Geometric mean decomposition......Page 87
3.6 Adaptive precoding order (APO)......Page 88
3.7 The complexity comparison of the proposed and other known schemes......Page 89
3.8 Numerical results and discussions......Page 91
3.8.1 Convergence study......Page 92
3.8.2 Performance of the individual links......Page 93
3.8.3 Overall system performance......Page 94
3.9 Conclusion......Page 98
Proof of convergence......Page 100
Proof of transmit–receive weight optimality......Page 101
References......Page 102
4.1 Introduction......Page 105
4.2 Review of message passing and belief propagation......Page 109
4.2.1 Factor graph review......Page 110
4.2.2 Factor graph examples......Page 113
4.3 Distributed decoding in the uplink: one-dimensional cellular model......Page 116
4.3.1 Hidden Markov model and the factor graph......Page 117
4.3.2 Gaussian symbols......Page 119
4.4.1 The rectangular model......Page 124
4.4.3 State-based graph approach......Page 126
4.4.5 Convergence issues: a Gaussian modeling approach......Page 130
4.4.6 Numerical results......Page 135
4.4.7 Ad-hoc methods utilizing turbo principle......Page 137
4.5.1 Main results for the downlink of a single-cell network......Page 138
4.5.2 Main results for downlink of a multicellular network......Page 142
4.5.3 BS cooperation schemes with message passing......Page 143
4.6 Current trends and practical considerations......Page 150
References......Page 151
5.1 Introduction......Page 156
5.2 System model......Page 158
5.3 Network MIMO......Page 160
5.3.2 ZF-DPC network MIMO transmission......Page 161
5.4.2 Example of IGI: network MIMO with omni-directional cell planning......Page 162
5.4.3 Unbalanced signal quality caused by IGI......Page 163
5.5.1 Fractional frequency reuse (FFR)......Page 164
5.5.2 FFR-based network MIMO with regular frequency partition......Page 166
5.5.3 FFR-based network MIMO with rearranged frequency partition......Page 168
5.5.4 Effect of frequency planning among coordinated cells......Page 170
5.5.5 Effect of cell planning with different sectorization......Page 171
5.6 Simulation setup numerical results......Page 173
References......Page 175
Part III: Relay-based cooperative cellular wireless networks......Page 179
6.1 Introduction......Page 181
6.2 System model......Page 183
6.3 Space-time block codes (STBCs)......Page 185
6.4.1 Performance analysis......Page 190
6.4.2 Numerical results......Page 193
6.5 AF distributed STBC......Page 196
6.5.1 Performance analysis......Page 197
6.6 The synchronization problem......Page 198
6.6.2 Delay-tolerant space-time codes......Page 199
6.6.3 Space-time spreading (STS)......Page 200
References......Page 201
7.1.1 Research challenges......Page 204
7.1.2 Related work......Page 206
7.1.3 Overview of contribution......Page 207
7.2 System model......Page 208
7.3 Collaborative relaying in cellular networks......Page 212
7.4.1 Principle of operation......Page 214
7.4.2 User discarding methodology......Page 216
7.4.4 Simulation results......Page 218
7.5.1 Principle of operation......Page 220
7.5.2 Optimization framework......Page 222
7.5.3 User discarding methodology......Page 225
7.5.4 Network operation and simulation aspects......Page 226
7.6 Orthogonal relaying......Page 227
7.6.1 Network operation and simulation aspects......Page 228
7.6.2 User discarding method......Page 229
7.7 Conclusion......Page 230
References......Page 231
8.1 Introduction......Page 233
8.2 Networks with single source–destination pair......Page 234
8.2.1 Three-node relay network......Page 235
8.2.2 Dual-hop relay networks......Page 241
8.3 Multiuser cooperation......Page 248
8.3.1 System model......Page 249
8.3.2 Centralized power allocation......Page 250
8.3.3 Distributed power allocation......Page 251
8.4 Relay selection......Page 256
References......Page 258
9.1 Introduction......Page 261
9.2.1 Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)......Page 263
9.2.3 Cooperative networks......Page 265
9.3.1 Single-user water-filling......Page 266
9.3.2 Network utility maximization......Page 268
9.3.3 Proportional fairness......Page 269
9.3.4 Rate region maximization......Page 270
9.4.1 Problem formulation......Page 272
9.4.2 Joint scheduling and power allocation......Page 273
9.4.3 Performance evaluation......Page 276
9.5 Cooperative relay network......Page 278
9.5.1 Problem formulation......Page 279
9.5.3 Performance evaluation......Page 282
References......Page 284
10.1 Introduction......Page 287
10.2 Cross-layer scheduling design – some basic concepts......Page 291
10.2.1 Utility function-based cross-layer optimization......Page 292
10.2.3 Multiuser diversity gain......Page 294
10.3.1 System model......Page 298
10.3.2 Channel model......Page 299
10.3.3 Channel state information (CSI)......Page 301
10.4.1 Instantaneous channel capacity and system goodput......Page 302
10.4.2 Cross-layer design problem......Page 303
10.5.1 Transformation of the optimization problem......Page 304
10.5.3 Distributed solution – subproblem for each relay station......Page 307
10.5.4 Solution of the master problem at the BS......Page 308
10.6.1 Asymptotic analysis of system goodput......Page 309
10.7 Results and discussions......Page 311
10.7.2 Average system goodput vs. transmit power and user mobility......Page 312
10.7.3 Asymptotic system goodput performance of PF scheduling......Page 317
10.8 Conclusion......Page 318
Proof of Lemma 10.2......Page 320
Proof Lemmaof 10.3......Page 321
Asymptotic analysis......Page 322
Derivation of feedback condition......Page 324
References......Page 325
11.1.1 Two motivating examples......Page 328
11.1.2 Scope and key problems......Page 330
11.2.1 Propagation scenarios......Page 331
11.2.2 Air interface and scheduling......Page 333
11.3 System and protocol design......Page 334
11.3.2 Relay-only protocol......Page 335
11.3.3 An integrated approach......Page 336
11.4.1 Simulation methodology......Page 337
11.4.2 Throughput performance in the wide-area scenario......Page 338
11.4.3 Throughput performance in the Manhattan-area scenario......Page 340
11.4.4 Femto-cells vs. relaying......Page 341
11.4.5 Computation-transmission-power tradeoff......Page 343
11.4.6 Reduced backhaul requirements......Page 344
11.4.7 Cost–benefit tradeoff......Page 345
Acknowledgments......Page 348
References......Page 349
12.1 Introduction......Page 352
12.2 Network coded cooperation......Page 354
12.2.1 Simple network coded cooperation......Page 355
12.2.2 Joint network and channel coding/decoding......Page 359
12.3 Physical-layer network coding......Page 362
12.4 Scheduling and resource allocation: cross-layer issues......Page 365
12.5 Conclusion......Page 369
References......Page 370
Part IV: Game theoretic models for cooperative cellular wireless networks......Page 373
13.1 Introduction......Page 375
13.2 A brief introduction to coalitional game theory......Page 376
13.3 A coalition formation game model for distributed cooperation......Page 378
13.3.1 Motivation and basic problem......Page 379
13.3.2 Distributed virtual MIMO coalition formation game......Page 383
13.4.1 Motivation and basic problem......Page 396
13.4.2 A network formation game among relay stations......Page 397
13.5 Conclusion......Page 406
Acknowledgments......Page 407
References......Page 408
14.1 Introduction......Page 410
14.2 Cooperating jammers......Page 412
14.2.1 System model......Page 413
14.2.2 The game......Page 414
14.2.3 Simulation results......Page 421
14.3 Cooperating relays......Page 426
14.3.1 System model......Page 427
14.3.2 Secrecy capacity......Page 428
14.3.3 Simulation results......Page 432
14.4 Eavesdroppers cooperative model......Page 435
14.4.1 Coalition formation games for distributed eavesdroppers cooperation......Page 439
14.4.2 Simulation results......Page 444
14.4.3 Conclusion......Page 446
References......Page 447
Part V: Standardization activities......Page 451
15.1 Introduction......Page 453
15.2 LTE and LTE-Advanced......Page 454
15.2.1 Carrier aggregation......Page 456
15.2.2 Latency improvements......Page 457
15.2.3 DL multiantenna transmission......Page 458
15.3 Cooperative multipoint transmission......Page 459
15.3.1 Interference mitigation techniques in previous releases of LTE......Page 460
15.3.2 Overview of CoMP techniques......Page 461
15.3.3 Release 10 of LTE-Advanced......Page 478
15.4 Wireless relay......Page 479
15.4.1 Key technologies......Page 480
15.5.1 Key technologies......Page 482
15.6 Conclusion......Page 485
References......Page 486
16.1 Introduction......Page 490
16.2 Partial information relaying with multiple antennas......Page 491
16.2.1 Per-antenna superposition coding (PASC)......Page 493
16.2.2 Multilayer superposition coding (MLSC)......Page 494
16.2.3 Rate matching for superposition coding......Page 496
16.2.4 Overall rate capacity......Page 497
16.3 Analysis of PASC with zero-forcing decorrelation......Page 498
16.4 Multinode partial information relaying......Page 502
16.4.1 Two-stage superposition coding......Page 503
16.4.3 Relay selection for maximum capacity......Page 505
16.5 Concluding remarks on partial information relaying......Page 507
16.6 Relaying in 3GPP LTE-Advanced......Page 508
16.6.1 Functionality of RNs......Page 509
16.6.2 Separation of the backhaul and access links......Page 516
References......Page 522
17.1 Introduction......Page 523
17.2 CoMP architecture......Page 524
17.2.3 Cell clustering......Page 525
17.3.1 Reference signal (RS)......Page 527
17.3.2 Precoding......Page 529
17.3.3 Feedback......Page 530
17.4.1 Link level simulation......Page 532
17.4.2 System level simulation......Page 534
References......Page 537
Index......Page 542