Convergent Journalism: An Introduction: Writing and Producing Across Media

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: The Current Journalism Landscape
	Introduction
	Journalism in the Digital Age
		Ever-Increasing Media Usage
		Consumer Demands
		Time Is of the Essence
	Crafting Quality Journalism Today
		Consumer Comes First
		Right Tool, Right Job
		Credibility Counts
		Tell Stories
	Final Thoughts
	References
Chapter 2: Writing across Platforms
	Introduction
	What Are You Trying to Say? Well, Write That
	Write for Someone Other than Yourself
	But There Are Some Differences ... Sort Of
	Writing Guidelines
		Sentences, Words and Phrasing
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Verb Tense
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Style
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Stylebooks
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Attribution
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Punctuation
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Numbers
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Quotes/Soundbites
			The Same
			Similar
			Different
		Story Form and Length
			The Same
			Different
	Final Four
Chapter 3: Finding Stories
	Introduction
	Understanding Your Audience
		Demographics
		Geographics
		Psychographics
	Don\'t Write for Yourself
	Social Media
	Crowdsourcing
	Data-Driven Journalism
	Beat Reporting
		Follow the Beat
		Know the People
	Stories beyond the Beat
		Follow-up Stories
		Localize the News
		Profiling People
		Don\'t Be a \"Churnalist\"
		Find Stories in Everyday Places
		Be Present and Pay Attention
		Be Curious, George
	Final Four
Chapter 4: Reporting beyond the Basics
	Introduction
	Reporting versus Writing
	Information Hunters and Gatherers
		The Internet
		Organizations
		Social Media
		\"Real People\" versus \"Public Officials\"
	The Value of Information
	Online Reporting
	Access to Information
		Breaking News Scenes
		Can You Record Telephone Conversations?
		Can You Shoot Video of People Dining at an Outdoor Restaurant?
		Can You Attend School Board Meetings?
		Are You Allowed to Enter Schoolyards to Talk with Students?
		Are You Allowed to Interview Shoppers?
		Can You Knock on the Door of a Crime Victim?
		Can You Approach Police or Firefighters at the Scene of an Incident?
	Final Four
	References
Chapter 5: Structure and Storytelling
	Introduction
	Basic Rules of Storytelling
		If You Wouldn\'t Read It, Don\'t Write It
		Right Tool, Right Job
		Show, Don\'t Tell
	Structuring Your Stories
		Beginning: Make Me Care
			Hard Lead
			Soft Leads
		Middle: Make It Matter
			Value
			Repetition
		End: Find Closure
			Text
			Video
	Final Four
	References
Chapter 6: Photography
	Introduction
	Cameras and How They Work
	Inside the Lens
		Apertures
		F-Stop Numbers
	Inside the Camera Body
		Shutter Vibration and Sound
	Choosing the Right Tool for the Job
		The Phone Camera
		Mirrorless and DSLR Systems
	The Photographer\'s Vision
		Design Basics
		Faces
		Patterns
	Color and Grayscale
		Light as Color
		Old-School Pop
	Framing
		Playing by the Rule of Thirds
		Perspectives
	Putting the Image Together
	Types of Photography Assignments
	How to Construct a Picture Series
	Multimedia Photojournalism
	Legal and Ethical Issues
	Final Frames
	Final Four
	Bibliography
	Websites
Chapter 7: Information Graphics
	Introduction
	The Power of Words and Visuals
	The Role of the Graphics Reporter
	Graphics Typology
		Simple Charts
		Maps
		Diagrams
	Interactivity and Graphics
		Instructives
		Narratives
		Simulatives
		Data Visualization
	Usability and User Experience Design
		Effectiveness
		Efficiency
		Learnability
		Memorability
		Error Free/Error Tolerant
	Working across Platforms
	Collaborating with Graphics Reporters
	Final Four
Chapter 8: Audio and Video Journalism
	Introduction
	Writing for the Ear
	Show and Tell: How It Helps the Audience
	Creative Redundancy: Word and Picture Overlap
	Audio
		The Reader
		The Wrap-Around
		The Package
	Video
	Video News Story Formats
		The Reader (On Cam)
		The VO
		The VOSOT
		The Package
		Audio and Video Journalism in the Age of Social Media
	Multimedia Storytelling Essentials
		Getting the Best Shots
		Stability
		Sequencing: B-roll
		Movement
		Steadicam/Gimbal
	Avoiding Bad Visuals
	A Note about Smartphone Video
		Tips for Ensuring Quality Audio
		Essentials of Quality Visuals: How to Avoid Lighting Problems
		Audio and Visual Journalism in an Online World
	Final Four
	Bibliography
Chapter 9: Data Journalism
	Introduction
	Determining a Data Need
		Data as Context
		Data as the Story
		Neither Context Nor the News
	Accessing and Evaluating Secondary Data
		Governmental Data
			Sources for Data
			Evaluating Government Data
		Non-Governmental Data
			Evaluating Research Data
	Gathering and Using Primary Data
		How to Access Raw Data
		How to Collect Raw Data into a New Dataset
		How to Organize and Analyze a Dataset
	Transforming and Analyzing Data
		Calculating change and percent change
		Grouping with a pivot table
	Communicating Data
		Clarity
		Precision
	Final Four
Chapter 10: Social Media
	Introduction
	Social and Digital Influences
		User-Generated Content
		Mobile Apps and Algorithms
		Gatekeepers Among Us
		Challenges and Opportunities
	Producing News Content
		Brainstorming for Story Writing and Visuals
		Finding and Verifying Sources
		Social Listening
		\"Crowdsourcing\" Information and Citizen Status Updates for Stories
		Researching and Interacting with Familiar and Unfamiliar Groups
	Understand and Contribute to Your Organization\'s Social Media Policy
	Using Online Writing, Visual and Social-Sharing Tactics
		Writing Online to Amplify Interest and Social Sharing
		Multimedia Journalism: Visuals, Pictures, Infographics and Short Video
		Promoting Social Sharing across Platforms
	Engaging with Audiences and Community
		Presenting Yourself as a Professional Journalist on Social Media
	Final Four
	References
Chapter 11: Multimedia Journalism
	Introduction
	Preparing for a Job in Multimedia Journalism
		Suggested Tools for Your Toolbox
		Getting Started Quick Tips
	How to Get Going
	How to Get Hired
	How to Build a Social Media Presence
	Putting Skills to the Test
	How to Get Ahead
		Learn to Tell Stories
		Build Your Brand, Establish Your Credentials
	Final Four
	Reference
Chapter 12: The Law and Convergent Journalism
	Introduction
	The First Amendment
	Defamation
		Publication
		Falsity
		Defamatory
		Statement of Fact
		Harm
		Awareness
	Defenses
	Anti-SLAPP Protection
	Privacy
		Embarrassing Private Facts
		Trespassing
		Intrusion
		Confidential Sources
	Copyright
		What Does Copyright Not Protect?
		Infringement
		Fair Use
	Final Four
Chapter 13: Ethics in the Digital Age
	Introduction
	Ethical Codes
		Seeking the Truth and Reporting It
		Minimizing Harm
		Right to Privacy and the Right to Know
		Independence
	Accountability
	Voice to the Voiceless
	Final Four
	References
About the Authors
Index