Continental Northeast Asian Amphibians: Origins, Behavioural Ecology, and Conservation

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Continental Northeast Asian Amphibians
Continental Northeast Asian Amphibians Origins, Behavioural Ecology, and Conservation
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Contents
1 - Introduction to continental northeast Asian Amphibians
	1.1 Taxonomic scope
	1.2 Knowledge disclaimer
	References
2 - Bufonidae (Bufo & Strauchbufo)
	2.1 Bufo
		2.1.1 Bufo gargarizans
			2.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			2.1.1.2 Habitat
			2.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			2.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			2.1.1.5 Identification
		2.1.2 Bufo sachalinensis
			2.1.2.1 Origin and distribution
			2.1.2.2 Habitat
			2.1.2.3 Behavioural ecology
			2.1.2.4 Threats and conservation
			2.1.2.5 Identification
		2.1.3 Bufo stejnegeri
			2.1.3.1 Origin and distribution
			2.1.3.2 Habitat
			2.1.3.3 Behavioural ecology
			2.1.3.4 Threats and conservation
			2.1.3.5 Identification
	2.2 Strauchbufo
		2.2.1 Strauchbufo raddei
			2.2.1.1 Origin and distribution
			2.2.1.2 Habitat
			2.2.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			2.2.1.4 Threats and conservation
			2.2.1.5 Identification
	References
3 - Hylidae (Dryophytes)
	3.1 Dryophytes
		3.1.1 Dryophytes japonicus
			3.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			3.1.1.2 Habitat
			3.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			3.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			3.1.1.5 Identification
		3.1.2 Dryophytes immaculatus
			3.1.2.1 Origin and distribution
			3.1.2.2 Habitat
			3.1.2.3 Behavioural ecology
			3.1.2.4 Threats and conservation
			3.1.2.5 Identification
		3.1.3 Dryophytes suweonensis
			3.1.3.1 Origin and distribution
			3.1.3.2 Habitat
			3.1.3.3 Behavioural ecology
			3.1.3.4 Threats and conservation
			3.1.3.5 Identification
		3.1.4 Dryophytes flaviventris
			3.1.4.1 Origin and distribution
			3.1.4.2 Habitat
			3.1.4.3 Behavioural ecology
			3.1.4.4 Threats and conservation
			3.1.4.5 Identification
	References
4 - Bombinatoridae (Bombina)
	4.1 Bombina
		4.1.1 Bombina orientalis
			4.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			4.1.1.2 Habitat
			4.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			4.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			4.1.1.5 Identification
	References
5 - Microhylidae (Kaloula)
	5.1 Kaloula
		5.1.1 Kaloula borealis
			5.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			5.1.1.2 Habitat
			5.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			5.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			5.1.1.5 Identification
	References
6 - Ranidae (Rana, Glandirana, and Pelophylax)
	6.1 Rana
		6.1.1 Rana amurensis
			6.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			6.1.1.2 Habitat
			6.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			6.1.1.5 Identification
		6.1.2 Rana coreana
			6.1.2.1 Origin and distribution
			6.1.2.2 Habitat
			6.1.2.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.1.2.4 Threats and conservation
			6.1.2.5 Identification
		6.1.3 Rana dybowskii
			6.1.3.1 Origin and distribution
			6.1.3.2 Habitat
			6.1.3.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.1.3.4 Threats and conservation
			6.1.3.5 Identification
		6.1.4 Rana uenoi
			6.1.4.1 Origin and distribution
			6.1.4.2 Habitat
			6.1.4.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.1.4.4 Threats and conservation
			6.1.4.5 Identification
		6.1.5 Rana chensinensis
			6.1.5.1 Origin and distribution
			6.1.5.2 Habitat
			6.1.5.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.1.5.4 Threats and conservation
			6.1.5.5 Identification
		6.1.6 Rana taihangensis
			6.1.6.1 Origin and distribution
			6.1.6.2 Habitat
			6.1.6.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.1.6.4 Threats and conservation
			6.1.6.5 Identification
		6.1.7 Rana huanrenensis
			6.1.7.1 Origin and distribution
			6.1.7.2 Habitat
			6.1.7.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.1.7.4 Threats and conservation
			6.1.7.5 Identification
	6.2 Glandirana
		6.2.1 Glandirana emeljanovi
			6.2.1.1 Origin and distribution
			6.2.1.2 Habitat
			6.2.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.2.1.4 Threats and conservation
			6.2.1.5 Identification
	6.3 Pelophylax
		6.3.1 Pelophylax nigromaculatus
			6.3.1.1 Origin and distribution
			6.3.1.2 Habitat
			6.3.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.3.1.4 Threats and conservation
			6.3.1.5 Identification
		6.3.2 Pelophylax mongolius
			6.3.2.1 Origin and distribution
			6.3.2.2 Habitat
			6.3.2.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.3.2.4 Threats and conservation
			6.3.2.5 Identification
		6.3.3 Pelophylax chosenicus
			6.3.3.1 Origin and distribution
			6.3.3.2 Habitat
			6.3.3.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.3.3.4 Threats and conservation
			6.3.3.5 Identification
		6.3.4 Pelophylax plancyi
			6.3.4.1 Origin and distribution
			6.3.4.2 Habitat
			6.3.4.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.3.4.4 Threats and conservation
			6.3.4.5 Identification
	6.4 Lithobates
		6.4.1 Lithobates catesbeianus
			6.4.1.1 Origin and distribution
			6.4.1.2 Habitat
			6.4.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			6.4.1.4 Threats and conservation
			6.4.1.5 Identification
	References
7 - Dicroglossidae (Fejervarya)
	7.1 Fejervarya
		7.1.1 Fejervarya kawamurai
			7.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			7.1.1.2 Habitat
			7.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			7.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			7.1.1.5 Identification
	References
8 - Hynobiidae (Onychodactylus, Salamandrella and Hynobius)
	8.1 Onychodactylus
		8.1.1 Onychodactylus fischeri
			8.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			8.1.1.2 Habitat
			8.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			8.1.1.5 Identification
		8.1.2 Onychodactylus zhangyapingi
			8.1.2.1 Origin and distribution
			8.1.2.2 Habitat
			8.1.2.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.1.2.4 Threats and conservation
			8.1.2.5 Identification
		8.1.3 Onychodactylus zhaoermii
			8.1.3.1 Origin and distribution
			8.1.3.2 Habitat
			8.1.3.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.1.3.4 Threats and conservation
			8.1.3.5 Identification
		8.1.4 Onychodactylus sillanus
			8.1.4.1 Origin and distribution
			8.1.4.2 Habitat
			8.1.4.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.1.4.4 Threats and conservation
			8.1.4.5 Identification
		8.1.5 Onychodactylus koreanus
			8.1.5.1 Origin and distribution
			8.1.5.2 Habitat
			8.1.5.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.1.5.4 Threats and conservation
			8.1.5.5 Identification
	8.2 Hynobius
		8.2.1 Hynobius leechii
			8.2.1.1 Origin and distribution
			8.2.1.2 Habitat
			8.2.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.2.1.4 Threats and conservation
			8.2.1.5 Identification
		8.2.2 Hynobius yangi
			8.2.2.1 Origin and distribution
			8.2.2.2 Habitat
			8.2.2.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.2.2.4 Threats and conservation
			8.2.2.5 Identification
		8.2.3 Hynobius geojeensis
			8.2.3.1 Origin and distribution
			8.2.3.2 Habitat
			8.2.3.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.2.3.4 Threats and conservation
			8.2.3.5 Identification
		8.2.4 Hynobius perplicatus
			8.2.4.1 Origin and distribution
			8.2.4.2 Habitat
			8.2.4.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.2.4.4 Threats and conservation
			8.2.4.5 Identification
		8.2.5 Hynobius quelpaertensis
			8.2.5.1 Origin and distribution
			8.2.5.2 Habitat
			8.2.5.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.2.5.4 Threats and conservation
			8.2.5.5 Identification
		8.2.6 Hynobius unisacculus
			8.2.6.1 Origin and distribution
			8.2.6.2 Habitat
			8.2.6.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.2.6.4 Threats and conservation
			8.2.6.5 Identification
		8.2.7 Hynobius notialis
			8.2.7.1 Origin and distribution
			8.2.7.2 Habitat
			8.2.7.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.2.7.4 Threats and conservation
			8.2.7.5 Identification
	8.3 Salamandrella
		8.3.1 Salamandrella keyserlingii
			8.3.1.1 Origin and distribution
			8.3.1.2 Habitat
			8.3.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.3.1.4 Threats and conservation
			8.3.1.5 Identification
		8.3.2 Salamandrella tridactyla
			8.3.2.1 Origin and distribution
			8.3.2.2 Habitat
			8.3.2.3 Behavioural ecology
			8.3.2.4 Threats and conservation
			8.3.2.5 Identification
	References
9 - Plethodontidae (Karsenia)
	9.1 Karsenia
		9.1.1 Karsenia koreana
			9.1.1.1 Origin and distribution
			9.1.1.2 Habitat
			9.1.1.3 Behavioural ecology
			9.1.1.4 Threats and conservation
			9.1.1.5 Identification
	References
10 - Conclusions on continental northeast Asian amphibians
	10.1 Conclusion
	10.2 Conservation considerations
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	W
	Y
	Z
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