Contemporary Physics: Proceedings of the International Symposium, National Centre for Physics Islamabad, Pakistan 26 - 30 March 2007

Contents......Page 10
Section I: Synchroton Radiation and Applications......Page 12
Early history of application of X-rays in biology......Page 14
Synchrotron radiation......Page 16
Applications of synchrotron radiation in macromolecular crystallography......Page 17
Achievements......Page 18
Drug design......Page 19
Future......Page 20
Circular dichroism......Page 22
Soft X-ray imaging......Page 23
Medical beam lines......Page 24
Concluding remarks......Page 25
1. Why a synchrotron radiation facility?......Page 32
2. The foundation of SESAME......Page 34
3. The SESAME facility......Page 35
4. Training......Page 38
5. General Lessons learned from SESAME......Page 39
3. The Impact of Synchroton Light Sources on Science and Society in Developing Countries Herman Winick......Page 46
2. Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF); Beijing, China: (ref. 2) http://www. ihep. ac. cn/bsrf/english/main/main. htm......Page 48
4. Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL); Pohang, Korea (ref. 4) http://pal. postech. ac. kr/eng/index. html......Page 49
5 . National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) HsinchqTaiwan (ref. 5) http://www.nsrrc. org. tw/......Page 50
References......Page 51
Section II: Quantum Physics and Quantum Information......Page 52
1. Introduction......Page 54
2.1. Unambiguous discrimination of two pure states......Page 56
2.2 . Minimum error discrimination of two quantum states......Page 61
3. Example: The B92 quantum key distribution protocol......Page 65
4. Recent developments......Page 67
5 . Summary and outlook......Page 69
Appendix A. Standard quantum measurements......Page 70
Appendix B. Positive Operator Valued Measures (POVMs)......Page 73
Appendix C. POVM via generalized measurements Neumark's theorem and the implementation of a......Page 76
References......Page 78
1. Introduction......Page 82
2.1. Distance......Page 83
3. Ion-Electron Coupling......Page 84
3.1. Ion Ch~nne~s and EOS Capacitors......Page 85
3.2. Ion Channels and EOS transistors......Page 86
4. Nerve Cell on Semiconductor......Page 87
4.2. EOS FET Recording......Page 88
4.3. EOS FET Recording and Noise......Page 89
5.2. Neuronal Memory on Chip......Page 90
6.1. Immobilized Neurons......Page 91
7. Brain Tissue on Chips......Page 92
7.1. Two-Way interfacing......Page 93
7.2. Mapping with CMOS Chip......Page 94
References......Page 95
1. Introduction......Page 98
2. Factorization with Gauss sums: the central idea......Page 99
3. Exponential sums......Page 100
4. NMR realization......Page 101
5 . Conclusions......Page 103
References......Page 104
Section III: Nonlinear Phenomena and Plasma Physics......Page 106
1. Introduction......Page 108
2. The case for hydrodynamic turbulence......Page 110
3. The nature of the inertial range......Page 112
4. Dissipation anomaly and anomalous scaling......Page 113
5 . Statistical conservation laws......Page 115
6. Closing remarks......Page 116
References......Page 117
1. Introduction......Page 118
2. Dark solitons and vortices in a dense quantum plasma......Page 120
3. Interaction between intense electromagnetic waves and quantum plasma oscillations......Page 126
4. Conclusions......Page 132
References......Page 133
1. Introduction......Page 136
2. Fluid Mechanics in Lagrangian View......Page 137
3. Fluid Mechanics in Eulerian View......Page 139
4. Connection Between the Lagrangian and Eulerian Views......Page 141
5. Casimir Invariants, Beltrami Fields, Lyapunov Function......Page 142
6. Beltrami Fields -multi-scale flow-field couplings......Page 144
References......Page 145
Section IV: Nanophysics and Applications......Page 146
1. Introduction......Page 148
2. Computational Details......Page 151
3.1.1. Geometric Structure......Page 152
3.1.2. Nearest Neighbor Bond Lengths......Page 153
3.1.3. Formation energy......Page 154
3.2.1. Electronic Density of States......Page 156
3.2.2. Charge density distribution......Page 159
4. Summary......Page 160
Acknowledgments......Page 161
References......Page 169
1. Introduction......Page 172
2.2. TiOTCe nanocomposite working principle......Page 173
2.3. Advantages of nanocomposite crystalline solar cells......Page 174
3.1. Mechanism......Page 175
3.2.1. Ineficiency......Page 176
3.2.2. Corrosion......Page 177
3.3.1. Energy Alignment......Page 179
3.3.2. PEC Designs......Page 181
References......Page 182
Section V: Particle Physics, Gravity and Cosmology......Page 184
1. Introduction......Page 186
2. Status of the CKM Matrix......Page 188
2.1. Current determinations of lv&l and Ivubl......Page 189
2.2. lVcbl from B -+ (D,D*)k've decays......Page 191
2.3. IVubl from the decays B --f X,he......Page 192
3. Status of the Third Row of VCKM......Page 195
3.1. Status of lVtdl......Page 196
3.2. Present status of lVt8[......Page 197
4. Radiative and Semileptonic Rare B Decays......Page 198
4.1. B --+ X,y: SM us. Experiments......Page 199
4.2. B + X,e+e-: SM us. Experiments......Page 200
4.3. B --+ Vy: SM us. Experiments......Page 205
5. B + M1Mz Decays......Page 208
5.1. lnterplay of Mixing and Decays of Bo- and BO-Mesons to CP Eigenstates......Page 209
5.2. B -+ mr: SM us. Experiments......Page 211
5.3. Present bounds on the phase y from B decays......Page 213
5.4. B -+ KT: SM us. Experiments......Page 216
6. B: Physics: Eldorado for the Tevatron and the LHC......Page 217
7. Summary and Outlook......Page 219
1. Classical setting......Page 230
1.1. Black hole and cosmological solutions......Page 231
2. Quantum theory......Page 232
2.1. Semiclassical approximation......Page 233
2.2. Background independent quantization......Page 234
3.1. Scalar field model......Page 236
3.2. Quantum black hole formation......Page 238
References......Page 239
1. Introduction......Page 240
2.1. The Relikt-1 experiment......Page 241
2.3. Summary on the Quadrupole Anisotropy Discovery......Page 243
3. Precise cosmology & Conformal Cosmological Models......Page 244
4. Standard Cosmology vs. f(R) gravity......Page 245
References......Page 246
List of Participants......Page 248