Contemporary Monastic Economy: A Sociological Perspective Across Continents

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgements
Introduction
	1 Research
1 Monastic Economy in its Sociological and Historical Context
	1 How Can We Define the Monastery From a Sociological Point of View?
	2 Monastic Economy: A Deep Contradiction in Monastic Life?
	3 History of the Monastic Economy
		A: Origin of Work in Christian Monasticism
		B: Evolution of the Forms of Monastic Work Throughout History
		C: Development of the Monastic Economy in Europe
2 Models of Monastic Economy: Organisation and Sources of Revenue
	1 Is Autarky Still Possible?
	2 Presentation of Different Models
		A: Direct Work of Monastics with an Internal Economy of Production
		B: Economy of External Activities or an Externalised Economy
		C: Economy of Patrimony
		D: Economy of Donation
		E: Economy of Aging
	3 External Influences on the Monastic Economy
		A: Factors of Influence
		B: Origin of the Differences
3 Work and Prayer in Monastic Life
	1 Necessity of Work in Monastic Life?
		A: Sense of Work in Monastic Life
		B: Specificities of Work in Monastic Life
	2 The Right Balance Between Work and Prayer
		A: Time Balance in Monastic Life
		B: Body, Work and Stress
		C: Between Priests and Monks: Which Identity?
4 Integration of Economic Activity Into Monastic Life
	1 Models of Integration of Economic Activity Into Monastic Life
		A: Denying Economic Activity
		B: Distance From Economic Activity
		C: Integrating Economic Activity: Strategies of Recomposition
		D: Ex-Post Legitimation: Managing the Money
	2 Between Negation and Affirmation of Economics
		A: To Speak About the Econony in Monastic Life
		B: Balancing Performance: Between Economic and Religious Determinants
		C: Is the Monastic Economy a Performant Economy?
	3 Integrating Lay Employees in Monastic Activities
5 Daily Life Economy: What does Monastic Poverty Mean Today?
	1 Objective Poverty in Monastic Life
		A: Criteria of Objective Poverty in Monastic Communities
		B: Expenditure of Monasteries: Influence of Asceticism?
	2 Perception of Poverty by Society
		A: Poverty in European Monasteries: Perception of Society
		B: Europe: The Question of Household
		C: Africa: Which Perception of Poverty?
	3 Lived Poverty in Daily Monastic Life: A Subjective Dimension?
		A: Monastic Poverty on the Individual Level
		B: Subjective Poverty in Europe
		C: Africa: Living in Monastic Poverty in a Poor Country
		D: Subjective Poverty: Poverty as Spirituality?
6 Specificities of Female Monasteries
	1 Nuns in the Economic History of the Monastery, Near and Far
	2 Inequalities Between Male and Female Monasteries Concerning Economic Activities
	3 Characteristics of the Female Monastic Economy
		A: Rentability and Innovation
		B: A Dependence on (Male) Laypeople?
7 Monastic Products and Interactions with The World Economy
	1 The Success of Monastic Products
		A: Quality, Tradition and the Economy of Beauty
		B: Charismatic Economy
		C: Use of Monastic Image by Lay Firms and Protection of Monastic Brands
	2 The Shop: How Can Mercantile Activity Be Justified?
		A: Trade: A Forbidden Activity for Monastics?
		B: A Place for Meetings and Pastoral Care
		C: The Choice of Products and Organisation of the Shop
		D: Integration of the Shop Into Monastic Time and Space
	3 High Prices and Luxury: Paradoxes of Monastic Products
		A: Determining a Fair Price
		B: Does Quality Mean Luxury Products?
		C: Monastic Products in Africa: A Hiatus with Customers
	4 E-Commerce: Selling Without Leaving the Enclosure?
		A: Timid Beginnings
		B: International Sales Networks Without Leaving the Monastery
		C: The Economic Enclosure Online
	5 Dependency of the World Economy
		A: Norms and Standards
		B: Crises and Monastic Economic
		C: Monastic Economy in the African Context: Dependency on the Infrastructure
8 Tourism, Visitors, Lay People in the Monastery
	1 The Boom of Monastic Visitors: Different Profiles
	2 Lay People in the Monastery: Between Welcoming and Preservation
		A: Pilgrims and Tourists: Position of Lay People in the Monasteries
		B: Tensions Caused by Monastic Guesthouses
	3 Heritagisation of Monasteries and Cultural Goods
9 Monastic Economy And (Sustainable) Development
	1 Impact of the Monastic Economy: Towards an Alternative Economy
		A: A Utopian Economy for the World?
		B: Social Dimension of the Monastic Economy in Europe
		C: Monasteries as Places of Innovation
	2 Sustainable Development and Ecology
		A: Elective Affinity Between Monasticism and Ecology
		B: Monastics; Rational Pioneers of Ecology
		C: A Systemic Approach or Rational Ecology
	3 Towards a Secularisation of the Ecological Discourse or Integration of the Ecological Discourse Into the Monastic Sphere?
	4 Development in Africa
		A: A 'Pro-Poor' Economy?
		B: The Impulse Behind Monastic Development
		C: Direct and Indirect Development: Social Activities of Monasteries
		D: From Development to Ecology
Conclusion
Appendix
Reference
Index