Consumer Product Safety Issues (Safety and Risk in Society)

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ISSUES......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 17
INTRODUCTION......Page 18
TRAFFIC SAFETY BENEFITS OF CRS......Page 19
CHILD RESTRAINT MISUSE......Page 20
Prevalence of Misuse and Impact on Child Occupant Safety......Page 22
Italy......Page 23
Michigan – US......Page 24
Effectiveness of the LATCH System......Page 26
US......Page 27
Australia......Page 28
The Prevalence of Booster Seat Use/Misuse......Page 29
The Powerful Story of Anton Skeen......Page 30
Best Evidence Strategies to Increase Booster Seat Use......Page 31
Impact of Current CRS Law......Page 32
Ontario......Page 38
US Booster Seat Legislation......Page 39
GAPS IN CURRENT CHILD RESTRAINT LAWS......Page 40
INCREASING APPROPRIATE CRS/BOOSTER SEAT USE IN OUR COMMUNITIES......Page 41
Comprehensive Legislation and a Combination of Interventions......Page 42
Extensive Law Enforcement......Page 43
Multifaceted Community Campaigns......Page 44
Clear Instruction Manuals......Page 45
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR CRS-RELATED RESEARCH......Page 46
Design Modifications......Page 47
Research Agenda Priorities......Page 48
REFERENCES......Page 49
ABSTRACT......Page 57
Sample......Page 58
Measurement......Page 64
Analysis......Page 65
RESULTS......Page 66
DISCUSSION......Page 70
REFERENCES......Page 71
ABSTRACT......Page 77
BASELESS BUFFOONERY BEDEVILS BIOTECH......Page 78
ACTIVISTS EXPLOIT SCIENTIFIC ILLITERACY......Page 80
GOLDEN RICE: A STERLING EXAMPLE......Page 82
ACTIVISTS ACT IN BAD FAITH......Page 83
YELLOW JOURNALISM TINTS – AND TAINTS – BIOTECH COVERAGE......Page 84
ANTI-BIOTECH ACTIVISM IS ONLY THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG......Page 87
CONCLUSION......Page 91
ABSTRACT......Page 93
INTRODUCTION......Page 94
Bacterial Pathogens......Page 95
Viral and Protozoan Pathogens......Page 96
Product Type / Combinations......Page 99
Minimal Processing Operations......Page 100
Washing / Disinfection / Decontamination Treatments......Page 101
Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)......Page 103
Competition Between the Indigenous Microflora and Pathogens......Page 104
Stress Response and Strain Variation Effects......Page 105
REDUCING PATHOGEN RISKS FROM FRESH-CUT PRODUCE......Page 106
CONCLUSION......Page 108
REFERENCES......Page 109
ABSTRACT......Page 125
INTRODUCTION......Page 126
PAHs Occurrence in Food......Page 128
Dietary Intake Assessment......Page 132
CONCLUSION......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 135
BACKGROUND......Page 141
Food and Drug Administration......Page 142
Food Safety and Inspection Service......Page 143
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS)......Page 144
Congressional Committees......Page 145
SELECTED ISSUES......Page 146
INTRODUCTION......Page 147
THE HANDBOOK OF A HACCP-LIKE QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAM......Page 150
Production Process Diagrams......Page 151
Hazards & Risks Analysis Charts......Page 152
Explanation to CCP’s and POPA’s......Page 155
Hazards audit Tables (Monitoring CCP’s and POPA’s; Corrective Measures)......Page 156
GOOD HYGIENE CODE OF PRACTICE ON DAIRY FARMS: SOME WORKING INSTRUCTIONS......Page 157
Hygiene Rules to Be Followed......Page 158
Visitors (Professional and Lay People)......Page 159
Hygiene Measures in the Milking Parlour and it’s Environment......Page 161
Other Hygiene Measures......Page 162
Quality Risk Management Program-Related Support Materials: The Farm Calendar......Page 163
Quality Risk Management Program: Documents......Page 165
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 166
REFERENCES......Page 167
SUMMARY......Page 169
BACKGROUND......Page 170
CURRENT LEGISLATION: P.L. 110-314......Page 176
Lead Content and Measurement (§1 01)......Page 177
Third-Party Testing and Certification of Children’s Products (§1 02)......Page 178
Standards and Registration Forms for Durable Nursery Products (§104)......Page 179
Adoption of a Mandatory Toy Safety Standard (§1 06)......Page 180
Ban on Specified Phthalates and Certain Alternatives in Certain Children’sProducts and Child Care Articles (§108)......Page 181
Full Commission Funding and Interim Quorum (§202)......Page 182
Personnel (§202(c))......Page 183
Expedited Rulemaking Procedures (§204)......Page 184
Ban on Industry-Sponsored Travel (§206)......Page 185
Employee Training Exchanges (§208)......Page 186
Prohibition on Stockpiling (§213)......Page 187
Prohibited Acts (§21 6)......Page 188
Enforcement by State Attorneys General (§21 8)......Page 189
Whistleblower Protections (§21 9)......Page 191
Federal Law Preemption (§231)......Page 192
Public Disclosure of Information (§211)......Page 194
Establishment of a Public Consumer Product Safety Database (§21 2)......Page 195
Substantial Product Hazard Reporting Requirement (§214(a)(2))......Page 197
Enhanced Authority for Corrective Action Plans and Recalls (§21 4)......Page 198
Requirements for Recall Notice Content (§214(c))......Page 199
Annual Reporting Requirement (§209)......Page 200
Development of Methodology to Identify Unsafe Imports (§222)......Page 201
Substantial Product Hazard List and Destruction of Unsafe Imports (§223)......Page 202
Adoption of a Mandatory All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) Safety Standard (§232)......Page 203
Definitions......Page 204
Provisions Deleted in the Conference Agreement......Page 205
SUMMARY......Page 207
LATEST LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS......Page 208
Formaldehyde Study......Page 209
Ban on Specified Phthalates and Certain Alternatives in Certain Children’s Productsand Child Care Articles......Page 210
Increased Criminal Penalty......Page 211
Import Safety Management and Interagency Cooperation......Page 212
BACKGROUND AND CURRENT LAW......Page 213
CURRENT LEGISLATION: H.R. 4040......Page 219
Personnel......Page 220
Quorum......Page 221
Cost-Benefit Analysis under the PPPA......Page 222
Inspector General Authority and Accessibility......Page 223
Prohibition on Stockpiling......Page 224
Prohibited Acts......Page 225
Information Sharing with Other Government Agencies......Page 226
Preemption......Page 227
Enforcement by State Attorneys General......Page 228
Whistleblower Protections......Page 229
Public Disclosure of Information and Database......Page 230
Substantial Product Hazard Reporting Requirement......Page 232
Enhanced Authority for Corrective Action Plans and Recalls......Page 233
Requirements for Recall Notice Content......Page 234
Annual Reporting Requirement......Page 235
Development of Methodology to Identify Unsafe Imports......Page 236
Database of Safety Standard Violators Availableto U.S. Customs and Border Protection......Page 237
Lead Content and Measurement.......Page 238
Third Party Certification of Children’s Products......Page 239
Tracking Labels for Children’s Products......Page 240
Registration Forms and Standards for Durable Nursery Products......Page 241
Study of Disparities in Injury/Death Rates of Minority Children......Page 242
In General......Page 243
Automatic Residential Garage Door Opener......Page 244
SUMMARY......Page 247
INTRODUCTION......Page 248
Health Effects......Page 249
Human Exposure......Page 250
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP)......Page 251
Dibutyl phthalates (DBP)......Page 252
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP)......Page 253
Di Isodecyl Phthalate (DI DP)......Page 255
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)......Page 256
Consumer Product Safety Commission......Page 258
European Union......Page 260
States......Page 261
PROPOSED LEGISLATION......Page 263
Scientific Basis for Health Concerns......Page 264
Would the Amendment Reduce the RisksWithout Generating Greater Risks?......Page 265
INTRODUCTION......Page 267
Health Effects......Page 268
Current Federal BPA Regulation......Page 269
Events Surrounding the Current Controversy......Page 270
CONCLUSION......Page 272
ABOUT THE AGENCY......Page 273
CPSC FUNDING REFLECTS INCREASING CONGRESSIONAL CONCERN......Page 275
LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS TO STRENGTHEN THE CPSC......Page 276
WARNINGS, RECALLS, AND DETENTIONS......Page 279
U.S. IMPORTS OF PRODUCTS OF CONCERN FROM CHINA......Page 280
CHINA’S POOR REGULATORY SYSTEM......Page 281
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS......Page 284
WHAT GAO FOUND......Page 285
MR. CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE......Page 286
BACKGROUND......Page 289
RECENT INITIATIVES MAY HELP FDA SELECT FOREIGN ESTABLISHMENTS FOR INSPECTION, BUT WEAKNESSES IN ITS FOREIGN DRUG INSPECTION PROGRAM ARE NOT FULLY ADDRESSED......Page 293
FDA Initiatives Could Improve Its Data, but Will Not Ensure an Accurate Count of Foreign Establishments Subject to Inspection......Page 294
FDA Initiatives to Obtain Information on Foreign Establishments May Have Limited Impact on Its Selection of Establishments to Inspect......Page 296
FDA Has Increased Its Inspections of Foreign Establishments, but Still Inspects Relatively Few......Page 297
FDA Initiatives May Address Some Challenges Unique to Foreign Inspections, but It Is Too Early to Determine Their Effectiveness......Page 298
CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS......Page 299
INDEX......Page 301