Construction Conflict Management and Resolution

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Acknowledgements......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 11
Referees......Page 15
Preface......Page 16
Part One Introduction......Page 17
2 Background......Page 18
3 The phenomena of construction conflict and conflict management......Page 22
4 Claims, litigation and arbitration......Page 26
5 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)......Page 27
6 Education and attitude change......Page 29
8 References......Page 31
1 Construction conflict: management and resolution......Page 36
2 Disputes......Page 37
3 Preventing and settling disputes......Page 38
Part Two Construction Conflict......Page 40
FACING UP TO CONFLICT IN CONSTRUCTION......Page 42
1 Introduction......Page 43
2 Competition, functional conflict and dysfunctional conflict......Page 44
3 Skills to resolve conflict......Page 46
4 Management ideology, fact or fiction?......Page 47
5 Conclusion......Page 48
6 References......Page 49
1 Introduction......Page 50
2 Establishing the Brief......Page 51
4 Tendering Procedures & Construction......Page 53
5 The Client’s Project Quality Plan......Page 54
6 Motivation & Behaviour......Page 55
7 Theory X, Theory Y, and Self-Motivation......Page 56
8 The Sports Model......Page 58
10 Contract Management Adjudication1......Page 59
References......Page 60
Footnote......Page 61
1 Introduction......Page 62
1.1 Understand your client’s objectives......Page 63
1.2 Define the brief......Page 64
1.3 Prepare the project plan......Page 65
1.5 Make timely decisions......Page 67
2 Summary......Page 68
1 The importance of understanding conflict......Page 69
2.1 Passive responses......Page 70
2.2.1 Aggressive responses......Page 71
3 Adopting an appropriate response......Page 72
5 References......Page 73
2 Pre-world war two to the present day......Page 74
3 How does conflict arise?......Page 76
5 The Contractual position......Page 77
1 Background......Page 79
2 Sources of conflict in traditional procurement routes......Page 80
3 Variables influencing conflict in innovative procurement methods......Page 81
5 Interpersonal skills of key players......Page 82
6 Responsiveness to change......Page 83
7 Modelling the variables......Page 84
9 References......Page 85
1 Introduction......Page 87
2.2 Contractual complexity......Page 88
2.3 The causes of conflict......Page 91
3.2 Risk management in project management......Page 92
4.3 The phases of risk management......Page 93
4.3.2 Risk analysis......Page 94
4.3.3 Risk response......Page 95
5.1.1 Introduction......Page 96
5.1.4 The site......Page 97
5.1.5 Risk identification and avoidance......Page 98
5.1.7 Responsibility for the design......Page 99
5.1.9 The construction phase......Page 100
5.2.1 Introduction......Page 101
5.2.2 Risk identification—financial viability......Page 103
5.2.3 The response......Page 104
5.2.4 Observations......Page 105
6 Discussion and conclusions......Page 106
7 References......Page 107
1 Introduction......Page 109
2 A SMART decision model......Page 110
3.1 Background......Page 113
3.2 Value management at conceptual design......Page 114
3.3 Value management at outline design......Page 116
4 Discussion of case study......Page 120
7 References......Page 122
1 Introduction......Page 124
2 Conflict and change......Page 125
3.2 Organisation system......Page 127
3.3 Quality and control system......Page 129
5 Analysis of preliminary conflict and change data......Page 130
6 Conflict, change and strategy......Page 132
8 Acknowledgements......Page 135
9 References......Page 136
1 Introduction......Page 137
2 Illustrations......Page 138
3 Work allocation......Page 139
4 Sunrise in the east......Page 140
6 References......Page 142
1 Introduction......Page 143
2 The site......Page 144
3 Previous research......Page 145
4 Organization: formal, informal and faithful......Page 146
5 Contracts, construction and conflicts......Page 148
7 Normal clay......Page 151
8 What is to be done?......Page 156
9 References......Page 159
1 Introduction......Page 161
2.1 Introduction......Page 162
3.1 Introduction......Page 163
3.2 Regulating conflict by increasing integration......Page 164
3.3 A higher degree of integration to attain project goals......Page 165
5 Conclusion......Page 166
6 References......Page 167
1.1 4 style model......Page 168
1.3 French 2 style approach......Page 169
2.1 Dominating......Page 170
2.3 Conflict avoidance......Page 172
3.1 The affective dimension......Page 174
3.3 Integrating......Page 175
3.4 Concertation......Page 176
4 References......Page 178
1 Introduction......Page 179
2 Conflict within the present planning process......Page 181
3 Windows of opportunity......Page 183
3.4 Agreement on what cannot be mitigated......Page 184
4.1 Snyder Flats—Bloomingdale, Ontario......Page 185
4.2 Urban aggregate rescue—Kitchener, Ontario......Page 186
5 Conclusion......Page 188
6 References......Page 189
1 Introduction......Page 190
2.1 Owner’s requirements......Page 191
3.1 Negotiation......Page 192
4 DIY Concept......Page 193
5 Relationship between buyer—seller......Page 194
7 References......Page 195
1 Introduction......Page 196
2.1 Models of decision......Page 197
2.2 Aspects and consequences of the centralized leadership......Page 198
3 Conclusions......Page 200
4 References......Page 201
Part Three Claims, Litigation and Arbitration......Page 202
2 Why has it developed?......Page 203
3 Development in contract forms......Page 204
4 Method of operation of common clauses JCT contracts......Page 206
4.1 NSC4 forms used with JCT80 standard form or main contract......Page 207
4.4 DOM2 (JCT81 design and build)......Page 209
4.7 JCT 81 with contractors design......Page 210
4.8 Other forms......Page 212
5.1 Arbitration......Page 215
5.3 Mediation......Page 216
7 Future development......Page 217
1 Introduction......Page 219
2 Reasons for claims......Page 220
3 Conclusion......Page 224
2 The sample......Page 226
3.2 Determination of the agreement as a source of dispute......Page 228
3.3 Payment as a source of dispute......Page 229
3.6 Tort as a source of dispute......Page 230
4.1 General......Page 234
4.3 Miscellaneous triggers......Page 235
5 Conclusion......Page 236
1.1 The rules or policies regulating the liability for costs......Page 237
1.2.2 Costs of the reference......Page 238
2.1.1 In general......Page 239
3.3 The general rule in exercising the jurisdiction......Page 240
3.4.1 Efforts to settle the proceedings......Page 241
3.4.3 Multiple arbitrations5......Page 242
3.4.4 Offers in settlement......Page 243
4. The future......Page 244
1 Introduction......Page 247
2.1 The legal framework and the role of the contract......Page 248
2.2 Contracts in the construction industry......Page 250
3.1 The use of law: theoretical concepts......Page 254
3.2 Constructing a Model......Page 255
3.3 Theory into practice......Page 257
3.4 Criteria for selection of construction contracts......Page 258
3.5 Classification of standard forms......Page 260
4 Conclusions......Page 261
5 References......Page 263
2 Definition of contracts......Page 266
3 Withdrawal of contract......Page 267
6 Damages......Page 268
9 Settlements of disputes......Page 269
12 References......Page 270
THE ROLE OF INTEGRATED COST AND TIME MODELS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION......Page 271
1.2 Interdependence of cost and time......Page 272
1.4 New forms of contract......Page 273
2.1.1 The model’s role in dispute resolution......Page 274
2.1.2 The model’s role in control......Page 275
2.2.2 Form and content......Page 276
2.3 Model specification......Page 277
3.2 Operational Bills......Page 278
4.2 Cost modelling......Page 279
5.1 Resource significance......Page 281
5.2 Application in practice......Page 282
7 REFERENCES......Page 283
8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 284
1 Introduction......Page 285
2 Legal overview......Page 286
3 Position of the employer......Page 287
5 Position of consultants......Page 288
6 Risk management......Page 289
8 References......Page 290
1 Conflicts in construction contracts......Page 291
3 Statistical analysis model......Page 292
5 Claims procedure variables......Page 293
5.2 Type of contract......Page 294
5.3 Communication (by the Engineer)......Page 296
5.7 Previous experience of supervision......Page 297
5.10 Standard conditions of contract......Page 298
5.13 Claims management......Page 299
5.14 Method of settling claims......Page 300
7 References......Page 301
Part Four Alternative Dispute Resolution......Page 302
1 Introduction......Page 303
3 Benefits of mediation......Page 304
4 Optimal prerequisites for mediation......Page 305
4.2 Inappropriate attitudes......Page 306
5.2 Facilitator......Page 307
6.1 Procedural functions......Page 308
7 The personal qualities of the mediator......Page 309
8.1 The other side is too upset or hostile......Page 310
9 Conclusion......Page 311
1 Introduction......Page 312
3 The region......Page 313
4 Summary......Page 315
1 Development of ADR......Page 316
2 Benefits of ADR......Page 317
3 ADR techniques......Page 318
4 Achieving change in the management of disputes......Page 319
5 References......Page 320
1 Introduction......Page 321
2 Implementation......Page 322
3.2 The main contractor......Page 324
3.4 Insurers......Page 325
5 The courts......Page 326
6 The lawyers......Page 327
7 Conclusion......Page 329
1 Introduction......Page 330
2 About the Survey......Page 331
3.1.4 Familiarity with processes......Page 333
3.2.1 Recommending processes......Page 334
3.2.4 Advisors......Page 335
4.1 Range and Recency of Actual ADR Experiences......Page 336
4.2.2 Number of parties......Page 337
4.2.6 Status of discovery......Page 338
4.2.8 Selection of mediator......Page 339
4.2.11 Potential drawbacks......Page 340
4.3.1 Mediation outcomes......Page 341
5 Conclusion......Page 343
THE DISPUTE RESOLUTION ADVISER IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY......Page 344
2.1 A hybrid system......Page 345
2.2 The independent intervenor......Page 346
2.3 The Dispute Adviser......Page 347
2.4 Disputes Review Boards......Page 348
2.6 Other ADR techniques......Page 349
3.2 Consultancy procedure......Page 350
4.2 Initial familiarization period......Page 351
4.5 Early settlement of disputes......Page 352
5.3 Timeframes......Page 353
5.6 Short-form arbitration—key elements......Page 354
6.1 Appointment, replacement and tenure......Page 355
8 Conclusion......Page 356
9 References......Page 357
1.1 Early introduction......Page 358
2.0 Arbitration......Page 359
3.1 Small claims tribunal......Page 360
3.3 Proposed residential dispute tribunal......Page 361
4.1 Arbitration......Page 362
6 References......Page 363
PEACE, LOVE AND HARMONY......Page 365
Who is my neighbour?......Page 367
Who then is my partner?......Page 368
Is this the way?......Page 369
References......Page 370
1.1 Alternatives to litigation......Page 372
1.2 Alternative dispute resolution and the construction industry......Page 373
2 Telecredit vs. TRW......Page 374
3.2 Number of parties......Page 375
3.4 The role of neutral parties......Page 376
4 Conclusion......Page 377
5 References......Page 378
1 FIDIC’s Clauses......Page 380
3 Amicable Settlement......Page 381
4 Relationship to Traditional Legal Processes......Page 382
6 General......Page 383
Part Five Education......Page 385
2 Nature of conflict......Page 386
3.1 Integrating: high concern for self and others......Page 387
3.4 Avoiding: low concern for self and others......Page 388
3.5 Compromising: intermediate in concern for self and others......Page 389
4.4 Avoiding......Page 390
5 Diagnosis......Page 391
6 Intervention......Page 392
7 Discussion......Page 393
8 References......Page 394
1 Introduction......Page 396
2 The Problem......Page 398
2.1 Problem Solving......Page 399
3 Education and Training......Page 401
4 Conclusion......Page 403
References......Page 404
1 Introduction......Page 405
2.2 The nature of ethics......Page 406
2.3 The nature of conflict......Page 407
3.3 Conflict and values......Page 408
3.5 Creative design to resolve conflict......Page 409
4.2 Conflict and cooperation......Page 410
5.1 Personal experience......Page 411
5.3 General literature......Page 412
8 References......Page 414
9 Appendix A. Questions for discussion......Page 415
Educating Construction Professionals to Improve the Built Environment......Page 416
2.1 Rationalism & Philosophy......Page 417
2.2 Willpower......Page 418
2.3 Competition & Specialization......Page 419
2.4 Education, Training & Technology......Page 420
3 Selected Bibliography......Page 421
CONSTRUCTION CONFLICT MANAGEMENT—THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING......Page 422
2 Professional isolation—a root cause of conflict......Page 423
5 Conflict humour......Page 425
6 Aspects of teamwork......Page 426
7 The need for common education......Page 427
8 The present condition......Page 428
9 The way ahead......Page 430
10 References......Page 431
1 Introduction......Page 432
2 Theoretical concepts and empirical work......Page 433
3 The importance of gender......Page 434
4 Maintaining the culture......Page 436
5 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 441
6 References......Page 442
Index of keywords......Page 444