Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 8
The Editor......Page 10
Contributors......Page 12
Table of Contents......Page 18
Part 1: — General Considerations......Page 24
 1: Constructed Wetlands: Scientific Foundations are Critical......Page 26
 2: Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands: System Design, Removal Processes, and Treatment Performance......Page 32
 3: Constructed Wetlands and Aquatic Plant Systems: Research, Design, Operational, and Monitoring Issues......Page 46
 4: Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Performance Database......Page 58
 5: The Use of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Recycling......Page 82
 6: Constructed Wetlands Experience in the Southeast......Page 92
Part 2: — Engineering......Page 98
 7: Hydrological Design of Free Water Surface Treatment Wetlands......Page 100
 8: Hydrogeology and Ground Water Monitoring: Constructed Wetlands System, Perdido Landfill, Escambia County, Florida......Page 110
 9: Development of Criteria for the Design and Construction of Engineered Aquatic Treatment Units in Texas......Page 122
 10: Engineering and Environmental Assessment of Enhanced Bolsa Chica Wetland......Page 130
 11: Performance Evaluation of a Closed Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Employing Constructed Wetlands......Page 140
Part 3: — Acid Mine......Page 150
 12: Anoxic Limestone Drains to Enhance Performance of Aerobic Acid Drainage Treatment Wetlands: Experiences of the Tennessee Valley Authority......Page 152
 13: Storm Event Effects on Constructed Wetlands Discharges......Page 162
 14: Wetland Water Treatment Systems......Page 170
 15: Staged, Aerobic Constructed Wetlands to Treat Acid Drainage: Case History of Fabius Impoundment 1 and Overview of the Tennessee Valley Authority's Program......Page 180
 16: Successful Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Site Bioremediation......Page 190
 17: The Use of Wetland Treatment to Remove Trace Metals from Mine Drainage......Page 194
 18: A Comparison of Local Waste Materials for Sulfate-Reducing Wetlands Substrate......Page 202
 19: Contaminant Removal Capabilities of Wetlands Constructed to Treat Coal Mine Drainage......Page 210
 20: A Peat/Wetland Treatment Approach to Acidic Mine Drainage Abatement......Page 220
Part 4: — Subsurface Treatment......Page 224
 21: The Use of Reed Bed Systems to Treat Domestic Sewage: The European Design and Operations Guidelines for Reed Bed Treatment Systems......Page 226
 22: Sustainable Suspended Solids and Nutrient Removal in Large-Scale, Solid Matrix, Constructed Wetland Systems......Page 242
 23: Hydraulics and Solids Accumulation in a Gravel Bed Treatment Wetland......Page 250
 24: Gravel Bed Hydroponic Sewage Treatment: Performance and Potential......Page 260
 25: The Purification Efficiency of the Planted Soil Filter in See......Page 272
 26: Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Czechoslovakia......Page 278
 27: Subsurface Flow Wetlands at Mesquite, Nevada......Page 284
Part 5: — Chemical Processes......Page 292
 28: Efficient Phosphorus Retention in Wetlands: Fact or Fiction?......Page 294
 29: Fate of Non-Point Source Nitrate Loads in Freshwater Wetlands: Results from Experimental Wetland Mesocosms......Page 306
 30: Mechanisms of Wetland-Water Quality Interaction......Page 316
 31: Pilot-Scale Nitrification Studies Using Vertical Flow and Shallow Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland Cells......Page 324
 32: Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater in a Constructed Wetland......Page 338
 33: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Reduction in Secondary Effluent Using a 15-Acre, Multiple-Celled Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) Wetland......Page 344
 34: Water Supply System Utilizing the Edaphic-Phytodepuration Technique......Page 354
Part 6: — Point and Non-Point Sources......Page 364
 35: Treating Livestock Wastewaters with Constructed Wetlands......Page 366
 36: Evaluation of Aquatic Plants for Constructed Wetlands......Page 372
 37: Controlling Agricultural Run-Off by the Use of Constructed Wetlands......Page 382
 38: Constructed Wetlands R&D Facility at TVA’s National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center......Page 392
 39: Stormwater Run-Off Retention and Renovation: A Back Lot Function or Integral Part of the Landscape?......Page 396
Part 7: — Hydrophyte Considerations......Page 404
 40: Wetland Systems and Their Response to Management......Page 406
 41: Macrophyte-Mediated Oxygen Transfer in Wetlands: Transport Mechanisms and Rates......Page 414
 42: Control of Algae Using Duckweed (Lemna) Systems......Page 422
 43: The Use of Typha Latifolia for Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Urban Wetlands......Page 430
 44: Growth of Soft-Stem Bulrush (Scirpus Validus) Plants in a Gravel-Based Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland......Page 438
 45: Species-Specific Aeration of Water by Different Vegetation Types in Constructed Wetlands......Page 450
Part 8: — Industrial Applications......Page 458
  46: Performance of a Constructed Marsh in the Tertiary Treatment of Bleach Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent: Results of a 2-Year Pilot Project......Page 460
  47: Feasibility of Treating Pulp Mill Effluent with a Constructed Wetland......Page 464
  48: Testing Color Removal from Pulp Mill Wastewaters with Constructed Wetlands......Page 472
  49: Interfacing Constructed Wetlands with Traditional Wastewater Biotreatment Systems......Page 476
  50: Effect of Season, Substrate Composition, and Plant Growth on Landfill Leachate Treatment in a Constructed Wetland......Page 484
  51: Mitigation of Landfill Leachate Incorporating In-Series Constructed Wetlands of a Closed-Loop Design......Page 496
  52: Innovative Marsh Treatment Systems for Control of Leachate and Fish Hatchery Wastewaters......Page 500
  53: Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment at Amoco Oil Company’s Mandan, North Dakota Refinery......Page 508
Part 9: — Small Systems......Page 512
 54: Small Constructed Wetlands Systems for Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Their Performance......Page 514
 55: General Design, Construction, and Operation Guidelines for Small Constructed Wetlands Wastewater Treatment Systems......Page 522
 56: TV A ’s Constructed Wetlands Demonstration......Page 532
 57: Reed Bed Treatment for Small Communities — U.K. Experience......Page 540
 58: The Treatment of Septage Using Natural Systems......Page 548
 59: Constructed Wetlands Wastewater Quality Improvement at Lynnvale Elementary School......Page 558
 60: Microbial Populations and Decomposition Activity in Three Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands......Page 564
 61: Biological Sludge Drying in Constructed Wetlands......Page 572
Part 10: — Case Studies......Page 582
 62: Constructed Open Surface Wetlands: The Water Quality Benefits and Wildlife Benefits — City of Areata, California......Page 584
 63: Constructed Wastewater Wetlands: The Answer in South Dakota’s Challenging Environment......Page 592
 64: Application of Constructed Wetlands to Treat Wastewaters in Australia......Page 600
 65: Creating a Wetlands Wildlife Refuge from a Sewage Lagoon......Page 608
 66: Production and Suppression of Mosquitoes in Constructed Wetlands......Page 614
 67: The Integration of Seaweed Biofilters with Intensive Fish Ponds to Improve Water Quality and Recapture Nutrients......Page 626
 68: Treating Intensive Aquaculture Recycled Water with an Artificial Wetlands Filter System......Page 632
Index......Page 638